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1,940 results for “pulses”
SBC LTER: Reef: Surge uptake capability in Macrocystis pyrifera in response to pulses of three different forms of nitrogen
This data describes the capacity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera to exhibit surge uptake of three different forms of nitrogen in whole-blade incubation experiments done in spring and summer 2019. The data is contained in 2 tables: 1) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea by blades exposed to pulses of nitrogen for periods lasting 1, 5, 15 and 45 min, 2) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea for specific time intervals of pulsed nitrogen (e.g., 0-1 min, 1-5 min, 5-15 min and 15-45 min).
Ancillary Files for Paper: Implementation of the XY interaction family with calibration of a single pulse
<p>These are the supplementary materials for the paper `Implementation of the XY interaction family with calibration of a single pulse`.</p> <p>The analysis and plots from the paper can be recreated from the Jupyter notebook `XY Paper Plotting<br> and Analysis.ipynb`. The notebook depends on the helper functions in the python files<br> `chevron_analysis.py`, `fidelity_analysis.py`, `models.py`, and `utils.py`. The data is stored in<br> JSON and txt files that are in a compressed tarball that can be extracted with the following commands:</p> <p>```bash<br> > tar xjf data.tar.bz2<br> ```</p>
Stochastic pulsing of gene expression enables the generation of spatial patterns in Bacillus subtilis biofilms
<p>Data extracted from confocal microscopy associated with the paper "Stochastic pulsing of gene expression enables the generation of spatial patterns in Bacillus subtilis biofilms"</p> <p>Stochastic pulsing of gene expression can generate phenotypic diversity in a genetically identical population of cells, but it is unclear whether it has a role in the development of multicellular systems. Here, we show how stochastic pulsing of gene expression enables spatial patterns to form in a model multicellular system, Bacillus subtilis bacterial biofilms. We use quantitative microscopy and time-lapse imaging to observe pulses in the activity of the general stress response sigma factor σ<sup>B</sup> in individual cells during biofilm development. Both σ<sup>B</sup> and sporulation activity increase in a gradient, peaking at the top of the biofilm, even though σ<sup>B</sup> represses sporulation. As predicted by a simple mathematical model, increasing σ<sup>B</sup> expression shifts the peak of sporulation to the middle of the biofilm. Our results demonstrate how stochastic pulsing of gene expression can play a key role in pattern formation during biofilm development.</p>
Oblique extension favours propagation pulses during continental break-up, Models Results/code version/option file
<p>Models results, code version of pTatin3D used to produce these models and example option file to run the models.</p>
Dataset for NMR quadrature echo and T1 saturation recovery pulse sequences underlying the publication 'On the quantification of solid phases in hydrated cement paste by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry'
<p>This record comprises the datasets of combined 1H NMR quadrature echo and T1 saturation recovery pulse sequences underlying the publication “On the quantification of solid phases in hydrated cement paste by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry” by Robert Schulte Holthausen & Peter J. McDonald, Cement and Concrete Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106095.</p> <p><br> In this work different solid phases, important to cement paste hydration, are investigated with low-field bench top 1H nuclear magnetic resonance with a view to developing an alternate characterisation methodology that requires minimal invasive or destructive sample preparation.</p> <p><br> A combination of the well-established quadrature echo pulse sequence with variable pulse gap together with a T1 saturation recovery quadrature echo pulse sequence is used.</p>
Acceleration of relativistic beams using laser-generated terahertz pulses
<p>Dataset for the figures contained in the manuscript entitled "Acceleration of relativistic beams using laser-generated terahertz pulses".</p>
Data from: The ghost of disturbance past: long-term effects of pulse disturbances on community biomass and composition
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Current global change is associated with an increase in disturbance frequency and intensity, with the potential to trigger population collapses and to cause permanent transitions to new ecosystem states. However, our understanding of ecosystem responses to disturbances is still incomplete. Specifically, there is a mismatch between the diversity of disturbance regimes experienced by ecosystems and the one-dimensional description of disturbances used in most studies on ecological stability. To fill this gap, we conducted a full factorial experiment on microbial communities, where we varied the frequency and intensity of disturbances affecting species mortality, resulting in twenty different disturbance regimes. We explored the <span><span>direct</span></span> and long-term effects of these disturbance regimes on community biomass. While most communities were able to recover biomass and composition states similar to undisturbed controls after a halt of the disturbances, we identified some disturbance thresholds that had long-lasting legacies on communities. <span><span>Using a model based on logistic growth, we identified qualitatively</span></span> the sets of disturbance frequency and intensity that had equivalent long-term <span><span>negative</span></span> impacts on experimental communities. Our results show that an increase in disturbance intensity is a bigger threat for biodiversity and biomass recovery than the occurrence of more frequent but less intense disturbances.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Raw data: Effect of the Relative Timing between Same-Polarity Pulses on Thresholds and Loudness in Cochlear Implant Users
<p>Raw values in dB re. 1 µV of the thresholds and loudness-balanced levels at MCL from:</p> <p>Guérit, F., Marozeau, J., Epp, B., & Carlyon, R. P. (2020). Effect of the Relative Timing between Same-Polarity Pulses on Thresholds and Loudness in Cochlear Implant Users. <em>Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology</em>, 1–14. doi:10.1007/s10162-020-00767-y</p>
Robot-aided Training of Propulsion During Walking: Effects of Torque Pulses Applied to the Hip and Knee Joints During Stance
<p>Dataset linked with the manuscript "Robot-aided Training of Propulsion During Walking: Effects of Torque Pulses Applied to the Hip and Knee Joints During Stance". Please see attached readme document for details</p>
Meta-analysis on pulse disturbances reveals differences in functional and compositional recovery across ecosystems
Most ecosystems are affected by anthropogenic or natural pulse disturbances, which alter the community composition and functioning for a limited period of time. Whether and how quickly communities recover from such pulses is central to our understanding of biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem organization, but also to nature conservation and management. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 508 (semi-)natural field experiments globally distributed across marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. We found recovery to be significant yet incomplete. At the end of the experiments, disturbed treatments resembled controls again when considering abundance (94%), biomass (82%), and univariate diversity measures (88%). Most disturbed treatments did not further depart from control after the pulse, indicating that few studies showed novel trajectories induced by the pulse. Only multivariate community composition on average showed little recovery: disturbed species composition remained dissimilar to the control throughout the experiment. Still, when experiments showed a higher compositional stability, they tended to also show higher functional stability. Recovery was more complete when systems had high resistance, whereas resilience and resistance were negatively correlated. The overall results were highly consistent across studies, but significant differences between ecosystems and organism groups appeared. Future research on disturbances should aim to understand these differences, but also fill obvious gaps in the empirical assessments for regions (especially the tropics), ecosystems and organisms. In summary, we provide general evidence that (semi-)natural communities can recover from pulse disturbances, but compositional aspects are more vulnerable to long-lasting effects of pulse disturbance than the emergent functions associated to them.
Data from: Long-lived metabolic enzymes in the crystalline lens identified by pulse-labeling of mice and mass spectrometry
<p>The lenticular fiber cells are comprised of extremely long-lived proteins while still maintaining an active biochemical state. Dysregulation of these activities has been implicated in age-related cataracts, and other lens diseases. However, the lenticular protein dynamics underlying health and disease is unclear. We sought to measure the global protein turnover rates in the eye using dietary nitrogen-15 (15N)-labeling of mice between 3 and 15 weeks of age. By performing mass spectrometry we measured the 14N- to 15N-peptide ratios of 248 lens proteins, including Crystallin, Aquaporin, Collagen and Laminin of the lens capsule, and enzymes that catalyze glycolysis as well as oxidation and reduction reactions. Unexpectedly, like the crystallin proteins, many of these enzymes are also exceedingly long-lived. The slow replacement of these enzymes in spite of young age of the mice suggests their potential roles in age-related metabolic changes in the lens.</p>
Propagation of optical pulses through a periodic dielectric structure (Bragg Grating) designed as a delay line interferometer. Example of a designed fiber Bragg grating.
<p>Propagation of optical pulses through a periodic dielectric structure (Bragg Grating) designed as a delay line interferometer. <br> <br> A 9 cm fiber Bragg grating is designed (and fabricated) for this purpose.</p> <p>The top video shows the simulated propagation of a single optical pulse.</p> <p>The bottom video shows the simulated propagation of a sequence of optical pulses, with relative pi-phase shifts in the last pulse, showing both constructive and destructive interferences effect</p>
Contrasting Effects of Heat Pulses of Different Trophic Levels
<p>Data used for publication of "Contrasting Effects of Heat Pulses of Different Trophic Levels, an Experiment with a Herbivore-Parasitoid Model System". Data in sheet "Data", metadata in sheet "Legend".</p>
Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Plasmas with MHz Bursts for CO2 Dissociation
<p>Data used to created the figures in our submission "Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Plasmas with MHz Bursts for CO2 Dissociation" to Journal of Applied Physics D.</p>
Subnanosecond-electromagnetic-pulse-generated-by-a-long-spark-discharge:-Lightning-implication-data
<p><strong>Data description</strong></p><p>The data is used in the paper "Subnanosecond electromagnetic pulse generated by a long spark discharge: Lightning implication" (M. Gushchin et. al.) submitted in December 2023 in Geophysical Research Letters. Two types of files are presented. First are photos stored in "png" format. Second are waveforms stored in text files. First column is time and second is value. The delimiter is ";".</p><p><strong>Data is used in second figure</strong></p><p>Figure_2a.png -- Photo of the the appearance and growth of leaders with their streamer zones from the upper (HV) electrode</p><p>Figure_2b.png – First flash on the lower (grounded) electrode.</p><p>Figure_2c.png -- Common streamer zone formation after the upward leader starts.</p><p>Figure_2d.png -- Current increase in downward and upward leader channels, reduction in the size of the common streamer zone.</p><p>Figure_2e.png -- Discharge main stage.</p><p>Figure_2f_curve_1.dat -- Voltage waveform from the capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_2a.png" photo. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_2f_curve_2.dat -- Voltage waveform from the capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_2b.png" photo. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_2f_curve_3.dat -- Voltage waveform from the capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_2c.png" photo. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_2f_curve_4.dat -- Voltage waveform from the capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_2e.png" photo. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_2f_curve_5.dat -- Voltage waveform from the capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_2f.png" photo. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p><strong>Data is used in third figure</strong></p><p>Figure_3b_curve1.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 6 GHz, df = 40 MHz. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB.</p><p>Figure_3b_curve2.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 5.5 GHz, df = 40 MHz. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB.</p><p>Figure_3b_curve3.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 4.5 GHz, df = 40 MHz. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB.</p><p>Figure_3b_curve4.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 3.5 GHz, df = 40 MHz. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB.</p><p>Figure_3b_curve5.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 2 GHz, df = 40 MHz. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB.</p><p>Figure_3b_curve6.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 1 GHz, df = 40 MHz. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB.</p><p>Figure_3a_curve1.dat -- The voltage pulse waveforms from a capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_3b_curve1.dat" waveform. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_3a_curve2.dat -- The voltage pulse waveforms from a capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_3b_curve2.dat" waveform. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_3a_curve3.dat -- The voltage pulse waveforms from a capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_3b_curve3.dat" waveform. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_3a_curve4.dat -- The voltage pulse waveforms from a capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_3b_curve4.dat" waveform. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_3a_curve5.dat -- The voltage pulse waveforms from a capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_3b_curve5.dat" waveform. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_3a_curve6.dat -- The voltage pulse waveforms from a capacitive probe corresponds to "Figure_3b_curve6.dat" waveform. Time unit is mks, value unit is a.u.</p><p>Figure_3c.dat -- Waveform obtained using TEMH. Time unit is mks, value unit is V/m.</p><p>Figure_3d.dat – Detailed waveform obtained using TEMH. Time unit is ns, value unit is V/m.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Data is used in fourth figure</strong></p><p>Figure_4b_curve_1.dat – TPMP waveform obtained during calibration. Time unit is ns, value unit is A/m.</p><p>Figure_4b_curve_2.dat – IPPL waveform obtained during calibration. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p>Figure_4c_curve_1.dat – TEMH waveform obtained in shot #104 at 12-oct-22. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p>Figure_4c_curve_2.dat – IPPL waveform obtained in shot #104 at 12-oct-22. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p>Figure_4d_curve_1.dat – TEMH waveform obtained in shot #19 at 13-oct-22. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p>Figure_4d_curve_2.dat – IPPL waveform obtained in shot #19 at 13-oct-22. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p>Figure_4e_curve_1.dat – TPMP waveform obtained in shot #19 at 25-sept-23. Time unit is ns, value unit is A/m.</p><p>Figure_4e_curve_2.dat – IPPL waveform obtained in shot #19 at 25-sept-23. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p>Figure_4f_curve_1.dat – TPMP waveform obtained in shot #2 at 27-sept-23. Time unit is ns, value unit is A/m.</p><p>Figure_4f_curve_2.dat – IPPL waveform obtained in shot #2 at 27-sept-23. Time unit is ns, value unit is E/m.</p><p><strong>Data is used in fifth figure.</strong></p><p>Figure_5a.png – The photo of negative discharge</p><p>Figure_5b.dat -- Waveform from a capacitive probe. Time units is mks, value units is a.u.</p><p>Figure_5c.dat -- The power waveform from RF analyzer f0 = 0.98 GHz, df = 40 MHz obtained simultaneously with Figure_5b.dat. Time unit is mks, value unit is dB. </p><p>Figure_5d.dat -- UWB EMP waveform obtained using TEMH obtained simultaneously with Figure_5c.dat. Time unit is ns, value unit is V/m.</p>
Data from: Substantial pulses of aquatic insects emerge from tidal freshwaters along the James River Estuary, Virginia, USA
<p>Tidal freshwaters in upper estuarine reaches provide important ecosystem services but are threatened by relative sea-level rise and pollution from increased development. Tidal freshwaters are highly productive and support estuarine and riparian food webs alike. Aquatic insects are common prey subsidies crossing into riparian habitats; however, the magnitude, timing, and composition of insect emergence in tidal systems has received little attention. Our objective was to better understand the magnitude and variability of aquatic insect emergence in tidal freshwaters. To do so, we quantified insect emergence from tidal creeks and estuarine shorelines of the James Estuary, Virginia, USA, and characterized spatial and temporal patterns in the amount of emergent biomass. We continuously monitored insect emergence from 7 April to 8 November 2019 with floating emergence traps to estimate daily emergence, then used generalized additive mixed models to analyze spatial and temporal variation in daily emergence rates. We estimated aquatic insect biomass to emerge at a mean rate (±1 SE) of 15.6 ± 2.0 g dry mass m −2 y −1, which is among the highest of previously published estimates from nontidal systems (mean ±1 SE = 12.9 ± 6.2 g dry mass m −2 y −1 ). Spatial variability in emergence was highly taxon specific. Diptera and Trichoptera had more biomass emerging from the subtidal than intertidal zone, Odonata biomass emerged more from tidal creeks than along the estuarine shoreline, and the amount of Trichoptera biomass increased, whereas Ephemeroptera decreased, with distance from the estuarine shoreline. The magnitude and composition of emergent taxa varied throughout the sampling period, with sequential peaks in biomass that altered the prey available to riparian consumers. Our results suggest that tidal freshwaters export substantial quantities of aquatic insects, which are valuable prey items for riparian consumers in these systems.</p>
Dataset and Code for Manuscript "Cell sorting based on pulse shapes from angle resolved detection of scattered light"
<p>Dataset and code for the cell cycle analysis and cluster selection for sorting:</p> <ul> <li>ReadMe file with explanations of the data set and analysis</li> <li>Python scripts for converting the data and to reproduce the sort cluster selection</li> <li>binary data files containing pulse shapes and wavelet transform coefficients</li> <li>FSC data files containing the respective common flow cytometry parameters</li> <li>text files with event indices that represent the gating</li> </ul>
Data for: Spatial prey availability and pulsed reproductive tactics: encounter risk in a canid-ungulate system
<ol> <li>Predation risk is a function of spatiotemporal overlap between predator and prey, as well as behavioral responses during encounters. Dynamic factors (e.g., group size, prey availability, and animal movement or state) affect risk, but rarely are integrated in risk assessments. Our work targets a system where predation risk is fundamentally linked to temporal patterns in prey abundance and behavior. For neonatal ungulate prey, risk is defined within a short temporal window during which the pulse in parturition, increasing movement capacity with age, and anti-predation tactics have the potential to mediate risk.</li> <li>In our coyote – mule deer (<em>Canis</em> <em>latrans</em> – <em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em>) system, leveraging GPS data collected from both predator and prey, we tested expectations of the shared enemy and reproductive risk hypotheses. We asked two questions regarding risk: (A) how do primary and alternative prey habitat, predator and prey activity, and reproductive tactics (e.g., birth synchrony, maternal defense) influence vulnerability of a neonate encountering a predator? (B) How do the same factors affect behavior by predators relative to time before and after an encounter?</li> <li>Despite increased selection for mule deer and intensified search behavior by coyotes during the peak in mule deer parturition, mule deer were afforded protection from predation via predator swamping, experiencing reduced per-capita encounter risk when most neonates were born. Mule deer occupying rabbit habitat (<em>Sylvilagus</em> spp.; coyote's primary prey) experienced the greatest risk of encounter but the availability of rabbit habitat did not affect predator behavior during encounters. Encounter risk increased in areas with greater availability of mule deer habitat, coyotes shifted their behavior relative to deer habitat, and the pulse in mule deer parturition and movement of neonatal deer during encounters elicited increased speed and tortuosity by coyotes.</li> <li>In addition to the spatial distribution of prey, temporal patterns in prey availability, and animal behavioral state were fundamental in defining risk. Our work reveals the nuanced consequences of pulsed availability on predation risk for alternative prey, whereby responses by predators to sudden resource availability, the lasting effects of diversionary prey, and inherent antipredation tactics ultimately dictate risk.</li> </ol>
Data from: Natural thermal stress-hardening of corals through cold temperature pulses in the Thai Andaman Sea
<p>Stress-hardening by environmental priming could increase the odds for corals to resist ocean warming. Natural environmental fluctuations, such as those observed on offshore reefs in the Andaman Sea, provide an ideal natural environment to study these effects. Here, internal waves (IW) generate short cold-water pulses that peak from January to June and are absent from August to November. Additionally, only western shores of islands are exposed to this stress-hardening stimulus of IWs, while eastern shores remain sheltered. Therefore, this study examined (1) whether exposed corals were more heat stress resistant than their sheltered conspecifics and (2) whether this trait would persist during the season of stimulus absence. We exemplify that thermal regimes featuring cold-temperature pulses successfully induced thermal stress-hardening in corals. Corals from the IW-sheltered shore responded strongly to heat stress irrespective of the season, while stress responses of IW-exposed corals were either undetectable (during stimulus presence) or very weak (during stimulus absence). However, this demonstrates the relevance of stimulus re-occurrence in maintaining heat resistance. Furthermore, priming stimuli do not need to exceed certain upper thermal thresholds to be effective and we argue that cooling pulses represent a safer stress-hardening regimen potentially implemented in conservation strategies since it avoids warming-stress accumulation.</p>
Data from: Pulsed peritoneal dialysis in Sprague-Dawley rats
<p>Peritoneal dialysis treatment is hampered by low small solute clearances compared to hemodialysis. Previous data have indicated that stirring or mixing of the dialysate could possibly improve small solute diffusion, presumably by avoiding the formation of stagnant layers in the dialysate directly adjacent to the peritoneal membrane. In an experimental model of peritoneal dialysis in Sprague-Dawley rats, we compared a 60 min standard PD-exhange with a novel exchange technique called pulsed peritoneal dialysis in which the dialysate in pulsed in and out of the peritoneal cavity without the addition of fresh dialysis fluid. Samples of dialysate were taken directly after instillation and after 60 min. Samples of blood were taken before and after dialysis.</p>
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