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1,025 results for “salmon”

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dryad40/100

Code and data for: Modeling the interaction between salmon management and consumption by coastal brown bears

Harvest management policy for species with strong trophic connections can reverberate through food webs and cause unintended consequences such as altering the abundance of a harvested species' predators or prey. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), a key food for many predators and an economically valuable harvested species, is generally managed for maximum sustained harvests without explicit consideration for the freshwater and terrestrial food webs which they support. The density of brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in Alaska, USA is correlated with the amount of salmon they can access and consume, so it seems likely their populations are inadvertently affected by salmon management. We simulated the effect of salmon management policy on brown bears by customizing a general bear-salmon model using empirical data from three watersheds in southwest Kodiak, Alaska. Our goal was to quantify the effect of current salmon management policy (i.e., escapement goals and early/late run allocations) on salmon consumption by brown bears. Bears in the individually based model evaluated the value of each foraging site based on salmon abundance, salmon vulnerability, and competition with other bears and made movement decisions (among salmon spawning sites) accordingly. The two code files provided here contain the brown bear salmon simulation, the structure for setting and adjusting the parameters of the model, and two empirical datasets needed to run simulations.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Fig. 1 in Catch of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Infected with the Freshwater Parasite Salvelinema walkeri (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in the Gulf of Alaska in the Early Winter

Fig. 1. Locations of salmonid collection along a south-north transect (from 44°32′N to 52°06′N along ca. 145°W) in the Gulf of Alaska in mid-December 1992 and those of salmonids infected with Salvelinema walkeri in marine and estuarine waters based in this and past papers. Open circles, catch locations of infected salmonids; closed circles, locations with salmonid catch; and crosses, locations without salmonid catch. Location 1, 52°06′N, 145°56′W (this paper); location 2, the Columbia River estuary (Claxton et al. 2013); location 3, off Newport, Oregon (Olson 1978); locations 4 and 5, the Strait of Georgia near Nanoose (Margolis 1967a) and Nanaimo (Ekbaum 1935, 1936; Margolis 1967a), respectively; and locations 6–10, Cowichan Bay, Satellite Channel, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Sechelt Inlet, and Howe Sound, respectively (Godfrey 1968).

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon

The environment gametes perform in just before fertilisation is increasingly recognised to affect offspring fitness, yet the contributions of male and female gametes and their adaptive significance remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated gametic thermal plasticity and its effects on hatching success and embryo performance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Eggs and sperm were incubated overnight at 2°C or 8°C, temperatures within the optimal thermal range of this species. Crosses between warm- and cold-incubated gametes were compared using a fully-factorial design, with half of each clutch reared in cold temperatures and the other in warm temperatures. This allowed disentangling single-sex interaction effects when pre-fertilisation temperature of gametes mismatched embryonic conditions. Pre-fertilisation temperature influenced the age at hatch, and matching sperm and embryo temperatures resulted in earlier hatching. Warm incubation benefited eggs but harmed sperm, reducing the hatching success and, overall, gametic thermal plasticity did not enhance offspring fitness, indicating vulnerability to thermal changes. We highlight the sensitivity of male gametes to higher temperatures, and that gamete acclimation may not effectively buffer against deleterious effects of thermal fluctuations. From an applied angle, we propose the differential storage of male and female gametes as a tool to enhance sustainability within the hatcheries.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad40/100