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212 results for “sea slugs”

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Figure 20. Paradoris erythraeensis. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)

Figure 20. Paradoris erythraeensis. A, dorsal notum, SAM A32370, scale = 100 µm. B, dorsal notum, CASIZ 074477 #1, scale = 100 µm. C, dorsal notum, CASIZ 157029, scale = 100 µm. D, dorsal notum, CASIZ 099390, scale = 100 µm. E, dorsal notum, CASIZ 099390, scale = 20 µm. F, surface of a branchial plume, CASIZ 099390, scale = 20 µm. G, copulatory organ, CASIZ 099390, scale = 20 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2006View details →

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Ecological speciation by sympatric host shifts in a clade of herbivorous sea slugs, with introgression and localized mitochondrial capture between species

Host shifting in insect-plant systems was historically important to the development of ecological speciation theory, yet surprisingly few studies have examined whether host shifting drives the diversification of marine herbivores. When small-bodied consumers feed and also mate on a preferred host, disruptive selection can split a population into host races despite gene flow. Support for host shifts is notably lacking for invertebrates associated with macroalgae, where the scale of dispersal by planktonic larvae often far exceeds the grain of host patchiness, and adults are typically less specialized than terrestrial herbivores. Here, we present a candidate example of ecological speciation in a clade of sea slugs that primarily consume green algae in the genus Caulerpa, including highly invasive species. Ancestral character state reconstructions supported 'sea grapes' (C. racemosa, C. lentillifera) as the ancestral host for a tropical radiation of 12 Elysia spp., with one shift onto alternative Caulerpa spp. in the Indo-Pacific. A Caribbean radiation of three species included symaptric host shifts to Rhipocephalus brevicaulis in the ancestor of E. pratensis Ortea & Espinosa, 1996, and to C. prolifera in E. hamanni Krug, Vendetti & Valdes 2016, plus a niche expansion to a range of Caulerpa spp. in E. subornata Verrill, 1901. All three species are broadly sympatric across the Caribbean but are host-partitioned at a fine grain, and distinct by morphology and at nuclear loci. However, non-recombining mtDNA revealed a history of gene flow between E. pratensis and E. subornata: COI haplotypes from E. subornata were 10.4% divergent from E. pratensis haplotypes from four sites, but closely related to all E. pratensis haplotypes sampled from six Bahamian islands, indicating historical introgression and localized "mitochondrial capture." Disruptive selective likely fueled divergence and adaptation to distinct host environments, indicating ecological speciation may be an under-appreciated driver of diversification for marine herbivores as well as epibionts and other resource specialists.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

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FIGURE 1 in Benthic Heterobranch Sea Slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Santa Barbara County, California.

FIGURE 1. Map of southern Santa Barbara County showing location of Carpinteria and Tar Pits Reef.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

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FIGURE 1 in The Sea Slug Phanerophthalmus luteus (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) and its Habitat and Ecology at the Marine Jellyfish Lake (Ongeim'l Tketau), Palau, Western Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 1. The Palau Islands showing the location of Mecherchar Island and Jellyfish Lake.

opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

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Fig. 1 in Fig. 5 in Fig. 2 in An Updated Checklist of Sea Slugs (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from Hong Kong Supported by Citizen Science.

Fig. 1. Austruca albimana (Kossmann, 1877), dorsal view of the berried female.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

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Pigment, fatty acid and lipid data of the sea slug Elysia crispata in two habitat depths

Sacoglossan sea slugs are the only animals able to sequester functional chloroplasts from the algae they feed on and keep them functional for more than a month. Here, we characterized Elysia crispata distributed in a coral reef from Southern Gulf of Mexico at two depths: 0-4 m  and 8-12 m. We provide information on the concentrations of 12 pigments, 27 fatty acids, and total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid amounts.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Photosynthesis from stolen chloroplasts can support sea slug reproductive fitness

Some sea slugs are able to steal functional chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) from their algal food sources, but the role and relevance of photosynthesis to the animal host remain controversial. While some researchers claim that kleptoplasts are slowly digestible 'snacks', others advocate that they enhance the overall fitness of sea slugs much more profoundly. Our analysis show light-dependent incorporation of 13C and 15N in the albumen gland and gonadal follicles of the sea slug Elysia timida, representing translocation of photosynthates to kleptoplast-free reproductive organs. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with reported roles in reproduction were produced in the sea slug cells using labelled precursors translocated from the kleptoplasts. Finally, we report reduced fecundity of E. timida by limiting kleptoplast photosynthesis. The present study indicates that photosynthesis enhances the reproductive fitness of kleptoplast-bearing sea slugs, confirming the biological relevance of this remarkable association between a metazoan and an algal-derived organelle.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

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Figure 2 in Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil

Figure 2. Heterobranch sea slugs from Rio Grande do Norte. (A) Micromelo undatus (15 mm – GEEFAA 294); (B) Haminoea antillarum (2 mm – GEEFAA 344); (C) Camachoaglaja berolina (7 mm – GEEFAA 270); (D) Chelidonura hirundinina (16 mm – GEEFAA 1320); (E) Navanax gemmatus (40 mm – MZSP 97068); (F) Ascobulla ulla (7 mm – MZSP 97049); (G) Oxynoe antillarum (25 mm – GEEFAA 352); (H) Elysia canguzua (15 mm – GEEFAA 295); (I) Elysia pawliki (25 mm – MZSP 97061); (J) Elysia subornata (14 mm – MZSP 97050); (K) Thuridilla malaquita (15 mm – phot. reg.); (L) Caliphylla mediterranea (9 mm – GEEFAA 349); (M) Aplysia cervina (70 mm – MZSP 97074); (N) Aplysia dactylomela (76 mm – MZSP 97073); (O) Bursatella leachii (75 mm – GEEFAA 324).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Oct 2022View details →

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Figure 4 in Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil

Figure 4. Heterobranch sea slugs from Rio Grande do Norte. (A) Doris kyolis (6 mm – GEEFAA 340); (B) Doris sp. (8 mm – GEEFAA 347); (C) Doto chica (5 mm – GEEFAA 315); (D) Doto divae (2 mm – GEEFAA 285); (E) Phidiana lynceus (27 mm – MZSP 97035); (F) Cratena minor (18 mm – GEEFAA 334); (G) Berghia creutzbergi (13 mm – GEEFAA 1306); (H) Berghia rissodominguezi (3 mm – GEEFAA 289); (I) Spurilla braziliana (13 mm – MZSP 97034); (J) Glaucus atlanticus (35 mm – phot. reg.); (K) Cuthona barbadiana (5 mm – GEEFAA 257).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Oct 2022View details →

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Figure 3 in Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil

Figure 3. Heterobranch sea slugs from Rio Grande do Norte. (A) Phyllaplysia engeli (6 mm – GEEFAA 342); (B) Berthela agassizii (11 mm – MZSP 97047); (C) Berthella nebula (7 mm – GEEFAA 1307); (D) Berthella vialactea (14 mm – GEEFAA 304); (E) Berthellina ignis (10 mm – GEEFAA 335); (F) Cadlina rumia (10 mm – GEEFAA 311); (G) Felimida clenchi (9 mm – MZSP 97070); (H) Felimare sp. (13 mm – GEEFAA 313); (I) Tyrinna evelinae (18 mm – GEEFAA 1305); (J) Diaulula greeleyi (20 mm – GEEFAA 259a); (K) Discodoris branneri (70 mm – MZSP 97063); (L) Geitodoris pusae (14 mm – GEEFAA 338); (M.1) Sclerodoris prea (33 mm – GEEFAA 1314); (M.2) Sclerodoris prea (35 mm – GEEFAA 1314); (N) Taringa iemanja (25 mm – MZSP 97062); (O) Taringa telopia (18 mm – MZSP 97071).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Oct 2022View details →

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