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370 results for “seasonal forest”
Forest Inventory of the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
DBH was measured for all trees greater than or equal to 5 cm DBH within Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freeze/thaw cycles (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes tree dbh measurements for 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil and Air Temperature
Soil temperature was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freeze/thaw cycles (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes tree dbh measurements for 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Foliar Nitrogen
Foliar nitrogen concentrations of red maple and sugar maple saplings experiencing combinations of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles were measured during the growing season of 2014 and 2015 as an indicator of plant nitrogen status. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Photosynthesis
Rates of leaf-level photosynthesis of red maple and sugar maple saplings experiencing combinations of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles was measured biweekly on fully expanded, intact leaves from June through August 2014 and June through September 2015 using a LI-6400. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Sap Flow
Sap flow was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; Each soil freeze/thaw cycles includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes sap flow measurements for 2015 and 2017 growing seasons. These sap flow data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Leaf Level Photosynthesis
Leaf-level photosynthesis was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes photosynthesis measurements for 2015 and 2017 growing seasons. These photosynthesis data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Foliar Nitrogen and Natural Abundance Nitrogen Isotopic Composition
Foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage were measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage from 2012 to 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Net Nitrogen Mineralization via Buried Bags
Rates of net nitrogen mineralization were measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes net nitrogen mineralization data collected in the growing season of 2017. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Branch Xylem Water Isotopic Composition
Natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium-excess in branch xylem water were measured within the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium-excess in branch xylem water from 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Water Isotopic Composition
Natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water were measured adjacent to the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water from 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; concentrations of foliar metabolites: polyamines, amino acids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble proteins, soluble elements, sugars, and total nitrogen and carbon in red maple (Acer rubrum) trees.
Foliage was collected in 2015 and 2017 from red maple trees at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). Analyses of foliar metabolites include polyamines, amino acids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins, soluble inorganic elements, sugars, and total nitrogen and carbon. There are six (11 x 14m) plots in total in this study; two control (plots 1 and 2), two warmed 5 degrees (°) Celsius (C) above ambient throughout the growing season (plots 3 and 4), and two warmed 5 °C in the growing season, with snow removal during the winter to induce soil freezing and then warmed with buried heating cables to create a subsequent thaw (plots 5 and 6). Each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72 hours of soil freezing followed by 72 hours of thaw. Four kilometers (km) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Together, these treatments led to warmer growing season soil temperatures and an increased frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) in winter. Our goal was to determine how these changes in soil temperature affect foliar nitrogen (N) and carbon metabolism of red maple trees. These data were gathered as a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Data from: Intra-specific variation in tree growth responses to neighborhood composition and seasonal drought in a tropical forest
<p>1. Functional traits are expected to provide insights into the abiotic and biotic drivers of plant demography. However, successfully linking traits to plant demographic performance likely requires the consideration of important contextual and individual-level information that is often ignored in trait-based ecology.</p> <p>2. Here, we modeled 8 years of growth from 1,138 individual trees from 36 tropical rain forest species. We compared models of tree growth parameterized using individual-level versus species mean trait data. We also compared models that considered regional climatic, local biotic and whole-plant allocation contexts to those that do not.</p> <p>3. Our analyses show that growth models parameterized using individual-level trait information outperformed those that used species mean trait information and that these models often contradicted one another indicating that the common practice of using species mean trait data requires more scrutiny. Additionally, we found that models including climatic, biotic and allocation contexts outperformed those that did not and provide nuanced insights into the drivers of tree growth in a tropical forest.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Here, we have shown that the development of models of tree demographic performance upon the basis of traits can be improved through a consideration of individual-level trait variation as well as phenotypic and climatic contexts. We highlight that our ability to understand the drivers of tree population and community structure and dynamics in current and in future climates will be limited if contextual and individual-level data remains understudied.</p>
Figure 5 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 5. Occlusal view of the lower molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-2, right m1-m2. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-2, right m1-m3; (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-2, right m1-m3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-2, right m1-m3. (E) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-2, left m1-m3. (F) = Lundomys molitor, UFSC-CF 32-9-1, left m1-m3. (G) = Nectomys squamipes, UFSC-CF 32-10-1, right m1-m3. (H) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-2, right m1-m3. (I) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-2, right m1-m3. (J) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-2, left m1-m2. (K) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-2, left m1-m3. Scale bars: H = 200 µm; A, B, C, D, G, I, J, K = 500 µm; E, F = 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 4. Occlusal view of the upper molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-1, left M1-M3. (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-1, left M1-M3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-1, left M1-M3. (E) = Juliomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-7-1, left M1-M3. (F) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-1, left M1-M3. (G) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-1, left M1-M3. (H) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-1, left M1-M3. (I) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-1, right M1-M3. (J) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-1, left M1-M3. Scale bars: C = 200 µm; A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J = 500 µm.
Figure 1 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 1. Location of the sampling sites of the Tyto furcata pellets at the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. BV1 = Boa Vista I; BV2 = Boa Vista II; BOQ = Boqueirão; CGA = Canta Galo; EV1 = Evaristo I; EV2 = Evaristo II; ANT = Picada das Antas; PF1 = Picada Feliz I; PF2 = Picada Feliz II; QV1 = Quevedos I; QV2 = Quevedos II; RES = Reserva. Map modified from MMA (1992).
Figure 3 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 3. Chiroptera specimens from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = ventral view of the skull of Sturnira lilium, UFSC-CF 40-5-1. (B) = labial view of the right dentary of Tadarida brasiliensis, UFSC-CF 42-11-1. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 2. Didelphimorphia specimens from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = labial view of the left dentary of Cryptonanus guahybae, UFSC-CF 32-2-1. (B) = labial view of the right dentary of Gracilinanus microtarsus, UFSC-CF 42-10-1. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 6 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 6. Occlusal view of the upper and lower molars of the Muridae and Caviidae rodents fromTytofurcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(A) = Mus musculus, UFSC-CF 32-15-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Rattus rattus, UFSC-CF 35-9-1, right M1-M3. (C) = Cavia aperea, UFSC-CF 43-8-1, left P4-M3. (D) = M. musculus, UFSC-CF 32-15-2, right m1-m3. (E) = R. rattus, UFSC-CF 35-9-2, right m1-m3. (F) = C. aperea, UFSC-CF 43-8-2, right p4-m3. Scale bars A, D = 200 µm; B, C, E, F = 1 mm.
Data from: Age‐dependent leaf physiology and consequences for crown‐scale carbon uptake during the dry season in an Amazon evergreen forest
* Satellite and tower-based metrics of forest-scale photosynthesis generally increase with dry season progression across central Amazônia, but the underlying mechanisms lack consensus. * We conducted demographic surveys of leaf age composition, and measured age-dependence of leaf physiology in broadleaf canopy trees of abundant species at a central eastern Amazon site. Using a novel leaf-to-branch scaling approach, we used this data to independently test the much-debated hypothesis—arising from satellite and tower-based observations—that leaf phenology could explain the forest-scale pattern of dry season photosynthesis. * Stomatal conductance and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis were higher for recently mature leaves than for old leaves. Most branches had multiple leaf age categories simultaneously present, and the number of recently mature leaves increased as the dry season progressed because old leaves were exchanged for new leaves. * These findings provide the first direct field evidence that branch-scale photosynthetic capacity increases during the dry season, with a magnitude consistent with increases in ecosystem-scale photosynthetic capacity derived from flux towers. Interaction between leaf age-dependent physiology and shifting leaf age-demographic composition are sufficient to explain the dry season photosynthetic capacity pattern at this site, and should be considered in vegetation models of tropical evergreen forests.
Data from: Microclimate predicts within-season distribution dynamics of montane forest birds
Aim Climate changes are anticipated to have pervasive negative effects on biodiversity and are expected to necessitate widespread range shifts or contractions. Such projections are based upon the assumptions that (1) species respond primarily to broad-scale climatic regimes, or (2) that variation in climate at fine spatial scales is less relevant at coarse spatial scales. However, in montane forest landscapes, high degrees of microclimate variability could influence occupancy dynamics and distributions of forest species. Using high-resolution bird survey and under-canopy air temperature data, we tested the hypothesis that the high vagility of most forest bird species combined with the heterogeneous thermal regime of mountain landscapes would enable them to adjust initial settlement decisions to track their thermal niches. Location Western Cascade Mountains, Oregon, USA. Methods We used dynamic occupancy models to test the degree to which microclimate affects the distribution patterns of forest birds in a heterogeneous mountain environment. In all models we statistically accounted for vegetation structure, vegetation composition and potential biases due to imperfect detection of birds. We generated spatial predictions of forest bird distributions in relation to microclimate and vegetation structure. Results Fine-scale temperature metrics were strong predictors of bird distributions; effects of temperature on within-season occupancy dynamics were as large or larger (1–1.7 times) than vegetation effects. Most species (86.7%) exhibited apparent within-season occupancy dynamics. However, species were almost as likely to be warm associated (i.e., apparent settlement at warmer sites and/or vacancy at cooler sites; 53.3% of species) as cool associated (i.e., apparent settlement at cooler sites and/or vacancy at warmer sites; 46.7% of species), suggesting that microclimate preferences are species specific. Main conclusions High-resolution temperature data increase the quality of predictions about avian distribution dynamics and should be included in efforts to project future distributions. We hypothesize that microclimate-associated distribution patterns may reflect species' potential for behavioural buffering from climate change in montane forest environments.
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