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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in Sexual Shape Dimorphism In Bufo Verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) From Lake Borçka Karagöl, Türkiye

Fig. 1. Relationships between body size and shape characters in males (triangles) and females (dots). Z-transformed character values are plotted against PC1 component scores used as estimates of overall body size. Only characters exhibiting significant sexual

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype, and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr

Animal personality has been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and shaped by natural selection. Currently, little is known about mechanisms influencing the development of personality traits. This study examines the extent to which personality development is genetically influenced and/or environmentally responsive (plastic). We also investigated the role of evolutionary history, assessing whether personality traits could be canalized along a genetic and ecological divergence gradient. We tested the plastic potential of boldness in juveniles of five Icelandic Arctic charr morphs (Salvelinus alpinus), including two pairs of sympatric morphs, displaying various degrees of genetic and ecological divergence from the ancestral anadromous charr, split between treatments mimicking benthic vs. pelagic feeding modalities. We show that differences in mean boldness are mostly affected by genetics. While the benthic treatment led to bolder individuals overall, the environmental effect was rather weak, suggesting that boldness lies under strong genetic influence with reduced plastic potential. Finally, we found hints of differences by morphs in boldness canalization through reduced variance and plasticity, and higher consistency in boldness within morphs. These findings provide new insights into how behavioural development may impact adaptive diversification.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Functional traits—not nativeness—shape the effects of large mammalian herbivores on plant communities

Large mammalian herbivores (megafauna) have experienced extinctions and declines since prehistory. Introduced megafauna have partly counteracted these losses yet are thought to have unusually negative effects compared to native megafauna. Using a meta-analysis of 3,995 plot-scale plant abundance and diversity responses from 221 studies, we found no evidence that megafauna impacts were shaped by nativeness, 'invasiveness', 'feralness', coevolutionary history, or functional and phylogenetic novelty. Nor was there evidence that introduced megafauna facilitate introduced plants more than native megafauna. Instead, we found strong evidence that functional traits shaped megafauna impacts, with larger-bodied and bulk-feeding megafauna promoting plant diversity. Our work suggests that trait-based ecology provides better insight into interactions between megafauna and plants than concepts of nativeness.

Raw data: Patterned apoptosis has an instructive role for local growth and tissue shape regulation in a fast-growing epithelium

What regulates organ size and shape remains one fundamental mystery of modern biology. Research in this area has primarily focused on deciphering the regulation in time and space of growth and cell division, while the contribution of cell death has been overall neglected. This includes studies of the Drosophila wing, one of the best characterised systems for the study of growth and patterning, undergoing massive growth during larval stage and important morphogenetic remodeling during pupal stage. So far, it has been assumed that cell death was relatively neglectable in this tissue both during larval and pupal stage and as a result the pattern of growth was usually attributed to the distribution of cell division. Here, using systematic mapping and registration combined with quantitative assessment of clone size and disappearance as well as live imaging, we outline a persistent pattern of cell death and clone elimination emerging in the larval wing disc and persisting during pupal wing morphogenesis. Local variation of cell death is associated with local variation of clone size, pointing to an impact of cell death on local growth which is not fully compensated by proliferation. Using morphometric analyses of adult wing shape and genetic perturbations, we provide evidence that patterned death affects locally and globally adult wing shape and size. This study describes a roadmap for precise assessment of the contribution of cell death to tissue shape, and outlines an important instructive role of cell death in modulating quantitatively local growth and morphogenesis of a fast-growing tissue.This repository contains the raw data (local projection images, ROI and quantificatiosn) of the Current Biology article "Patterned apoptosis has an instructive role for local growth and tissue shape regulation in a fast-growing epithelium".

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data for: Collective signalling is shaped by feedbacks between signaller variation, receiver perception, and acoustic environment in a simulated communication network

Communication takes place within a network of multiple signallers and receivers. Social network analysis provides tools to quantify how an individual's social positioning affects group dynamics, and the subsequent biological consequences. However, network analysis is rarely applied to animal communication, likely due to the logistical difficulties of monitoring natural communication networks. We generated a simulated communication network to investigate how variation in individual communication behaviours generates network effects, and how this communication network's structure feeds back to affect future signalling interactions. We simulated competitive acoustic signalling interactions among chorusing individuals and varied several parameters related to communication and chorus size to examine their effects on calling output and social connections. Larger choruses had higher noise levels, and this reduced network density and altered the relationships between individual traits and communication network position. Hearing sensitivity interacted with chorus size to affect both individuals' positions in the network and the acoustic output of the chorus. Physical proximity to competitors influenced signalling, but a distinctive communication network structure emerged when signal active space was limited. Our model raises novel predictions about communication networks that could be tested experimentally, and identifies aspects of information processing in complex environments that remain to be investigated.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Data from: The role of fish predators and their foraging traits in shaping zooplankton community structure

Differentiation of foraging traits among predator populations may help explain observed variation in the structure of prey communities. However, few studies have investigated the phenotypic effects of predators on their prey in natural communities. Here, we use a comparative analysis of 78 Greenlandic lakes to examine how foraging trait variation among threespine stickleback populations can help explain variation in zooplankton community composition among lakes. We find that landscape-scale variation in zooplankton composition was jointly explained by lake properties, such as size and water chemistry, and the presence and absence of both stickleback and arctic char. Additional variation in zooplankton community structure can be explained by stickleback jaw protrusion, a trait with known utility for foraging on zooplankton, but only in lakes where stickleback co-occur with arctic char. Overall, our results illustrate how trait variation of consumers, alongside other ecosystem properties, can influence the composition of prey communities in nature.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Dataset for ICDAR 21 paper "Vectorization of Historical Maps Using Deep Edge Filtering and Closed Shape Extraction"

This is the dataset of the ICDAR 2021 conference paper "Vectorization of Historical Maps Using Deep Edge Filtering and Closed Shape Extraction".

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Elevation differently shapes functional diversity patterns in understory forest communities when considering intraspecific and interspecific trait variability

Datasets used for the analysis done for the paper "Elevation differently shapes functional diversity patterns in understory forest communities when considering intraspecific and interspecific trait variability". Files present are: -Species x Plot (vegetation releveés). -Plot x Environment. -Plot x CWM_inter for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) using the traits fixed for species, i.e., holding traits constant as the species mean, thus incorporating only turnover. -Plot x CWM_intra for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) based on an individual by trait matrix, therefore incorporating both turnover and intraspecific trait variation. -Plot x SES-FD_inter (Standard Effect Size Functional Diversity) for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) using the traits fixed for species, i.e., holding traits constant as the species mean, thus incorporating only turnover. -Plot x SES-FD_intra (Standard Effect Size Functional Diversity) for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) based on an individual by trait matrix, therefore incorporating both turnover and intraspecific trait variation. All analysis were carried out using the software R version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, <a href="http://www.R-project.org">http://www.R-project.org</a>) and can be consulted on GitHub https://github.com/AriannaFerrara/Elevation-and-Intraspecific-trait-variability.git

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

An unusual pulse shape change event in PSR J1713+0747 observed with the Green Bank Telescope and CHIME: Profile data and figure reproduction scripts

This Zenodo entry contains data used in the paper "An unusual pulse shape change event in PSR J1713+0747 observed with the Green Bank Telescope and CHIME", to be published in The Astrophysical Journal. This includes minimally processed profile data in PSRFITS format, as well as pulsar ephemerides (.par files), time-of-arrival estimates (.tim files), and scripts which can be used to reproduce the figures and tables in the paper. For more information, see README.md.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Spherical harmonic models of the shape of (433) Eros

This archive contains two spherical harmonic models of the shape of asteroid 433 Eros. One model is based on laser altimetry from the instrument NLR and the other is based on a stereo photoclinometry shape. The data used to generate the model based on laser altimetery were taken from the file <code>nlr125ar.img</code> on <a href="https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/near/NEAR_A_NLR_6_EROS_MAPS_MODELS_V1_0/data/img/">NASA's PDS website</a>. This image file was first converted to netcdf format using the <a href="https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/">generic-mapping-tools</a> function <code>xyz2grd</code>, and the resulting pixel registed map was then converted to a gridline registration using the function <code>grdsample</code>. Following this, the resulting netcdf file was read into the <a href="https://shtools.github.io/SHTOOLS/index.html">pyshtools</a> software and expanded into spherical harmonics using the function <code>SHCoeffs.expand()</code>. The spherical harmonic functions were chosen to be "4pi" normalized and to exclude the Condon-Shortley phase factor of (-1)m. The units of the coefficients are meters. The data used to generate the model based on the stereo photoclinometric shape model were taken from the file <code>quad512q.tab</code> on <a href="https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds4/non_mission/gaskell.ast-eros.shape-model_V1_1/data/quad/">NASA's PDS website</a>. The vertices from the ICQ shape model with Q=512 were first converted from Cartesian to spherical coordinates, from which a regular gridline registered netcdf file was created using the <a href="https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/">generic-mapping-tools</a> function <code>surface</code> with a tension of 0.6 and with a grid spacing of 0.17578125 degrees. This file was then read into the <a href="https://shtools.github.io/SHTOOLS/index.html">pyshtools</a> software and expanded into spherical harmonics in the same manner as the NLA based model. The two files in this archive are <ul> <li>Eros_NLR_shape_719.bshc.gz</li> <li>Eros_SPC_shape_511.bshc.gz</li> </ul> The numbers 719 and 511 in the filename refer to the maximum spherical harmonic degree of file, which corresponds to effective spatial resolutions of 8 and ~5.7 pixels per degree, respectively. The files are stored in the binary "bshc" format as described in the pyshtools documentation and are furthermore compressed using gzip.

Text-fig. 2. Ferns, Ginkgo, and taxodioid conifers. a: Filicalean fern type 1. UAPC-ALTA S sn. b, c: Filicalean fern type 2. b: Overview of specimen, UAPC-ALTA S 59515. c: Detail of (b) to show pinnule shape. d: Azolla primaeva, small plant fragments and rhizoids, BBM-PAL-P000002. e: Metasequoia occidentalis twig with leafy branchlets, BBM- PAL-P000003. f: Ginkgo biloba leaf showing dichotomous venation, GSC 7567. g: Taxodioid branches with flared shoot apices that may represent small cones, UAPC-ALTA S 25090. h: Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet showing opposite leaves, UAPC-ALTA S 59495. i: Taxodioid branchlet showing variation, BBM-PAL-P000004. j: Taxodioid pollen cone, BBM-PAL-P000045. k: Metasequoia seed cone, BBM-PAL-P000005 A. l: cf. Chamaecyparis, BBM-PAL-P000006. Scale bars: a–c, f–l = 1 cm, d = 0.5 cm, e = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance

Text-fig. 2. Ferns, Ginkgo, and taxodioid conifers. a: Filicalean fern type 1. UAPC-ALTA S sn. b, c: Filicalean fern type 2. b: Overview of specimen, UAPC-ALTA S 59515. c: Detail of (b) to show pinnule shape. d: Azolla primaeva, small plant fragments and rhizoids, BBM-PAL-P000002. e: Metasequoia occidentalis twig with leafy branchlets, BBM- PAL-P000003. f: Ginkgo biloba leaf showing dichotomous venation, GSC 7567. g: Taxodioid branches with flared shoot apices that may represent small cones, UAPC-ALTA S 25090. h: Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet showing opposite leaves, UAPC-ALTA S 59495. i: Taxodioid branchlet showing variation, BBM-PAL-P000004. j: Taxodioid pollen cone, BBM-PAL-P000045. k: Metasequoia seed cone, BBM-PAL-P000005 A. l: cf. Chamaecyparis, BBM-PAL-P000006. Scale bars: a–c, f–l = 1 cm, d = 0.5 cm, e = 2 cm.

Fig. 5 in Covariation In Shapes Between The Sternum And Pelvis In Aquatic Birds With Different Locomotor Modes

Fig. 5. Covariation between dorsal projections of the sternum and pelvis estimated with the standard PLS analysis. Phylogenetic relationships are projected onto the PLS1 morphospace. Grey wireframe represents mean shape. Species designation as in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 in Covariation In Shapes Between The Sternum And Pelvis In Aquatic Birds With Different Locomotor Modes

Fig. 6. Boxplot of the ratio of sternum and pelvis centroid sizes. Box represents interquartile range with solid line inside as median, whiskers are minimal and maximal values. Locomotor categories: FP — foot-propelled divers, WP — wing-propelled divers, SSW — surface swimmers.

Fig. 1 in Covariation In Shapes Between The Sternum And Pelvis In Aquatic Birds With Different Locomotor Modes

Fig. 1. The sternum and pelvis in Common guillemot (Uria aalge) (wing-propelled diver) and Imperial cormorant (Phalacrocorax atriceps) (foot-propelled diver).

Fig. 4 in Covariation In Shapes Between The Sternum And Pelvis In Aquatic Birds With Different Locomotor Modes

Fig. 4. Covariation between lateral projections of the sternum and pelvis estimated with the standard PLS analysis. Phylogenetic relationships are projected onto the PLS1 morphospace. Grey wireframe represents mean shape. Species points are marked by locomotor categories (FP — foot-propelled divers, WP — wingpropelled divers, SSW — surface swimmers) and numbers: 1 — Cygnus cygnus, 2 — Cygnus olor, 3 — Cygnus melancoryphus, 4 — Chen caerulescens, 5 — Anser erythropus, 6 — Branta ruficollis, 7 — Branta bernicla, 8 — Alopochen aegyptiaca, 9 — Tadorna ferruginea, 10 — Aix sponsa, 11 — Aix galericulata, 12 — Mergellus albellus, 13 — Mergus merganser, 14 — Bucephala clangula, 15 — Phalacrocorax carbo, 16 — Phalacrocorax pelagicus, 17 — Phalacrocorax atriceps, 18 — Pelecanus crispus, 19 — Eudyptes chrysolophus, 20 — Porphyrio porphyrio, 21 — Fulica atra, 22 — Gallinula chloropus, 23 — Podiceps cristatus, 24 — Aethia psittacula, 25 — Uria aalge, 26 — Alca torda.

Fig. 3 in Covariation In Shapes Between The Sternum And Pelvis In Aquatic Birds With Different Locomotor Modes

Fig. 3. Scheme of landmarks and semilandmarks location on lateral (a) and ventral (b) projections of sternum and lateral (c) and dorsal (d) projections of pelvis in Aix galericulata. Descriptions of the landmarks and semilandmarks are given in tables 1, 2. Measurements: Lst — length of sternum, Lsyns — length of synsacrum.

Fig. 2 in Covariation In Shapes Between The Sternum And Pelvis In Aquatic Birds With Different Locomotor Modes

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships among the studied birds based on Jetz et al. (2012), with their locomotor modes marked as: FP for foot-propelled divers, WP for wing-propelled divers, and SSW for surface swimmers.

opencc-by-4.0May 2012View details →

Fig.ç6.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, ventral view; B, segments 4 and 5, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; rss, rounded sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç6.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, ventral view; B, segments 4 and 5, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; rss, rounded sensory spot.

opencc-by-4.0May 2012View details →

Fig.ç5.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, segment 4, dorsal view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; mds, middorsal spine; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; ps, perforation site; rss, rounded sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç5.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, segment 4, dorsal view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; mds, middorsal spine; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; ps, perforation site; rss, rounded sensory spot.