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470 results for “spatial pattern”
Data for "Global ocean pCO2 variation regimes: spatial patterns and the emergence of a hybrid regime"
<p>Model data for article "Global ocean pCO2 variation regimes: spatial patterns and the emergence of a hybrid regime".</p>
Fig. 2 in Temporal And Spatial Pattern Of Genetic Differentiation In Isophya Kraussi (Orthoptera: Tettigonoidea) In Ne Hungary
Fig. 2. UPGMA dendrogram constructed on the basis of Nei's genetic distances
Spatial distribution pattern of mustelids in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau
<p>Evolutionary theory predicts that the species of an evolutionarily successful taxon would not overlap in spatial distribution. To test the prediction, we document our research on the spatial associations of mustelids, an evolutionarily successful group of Order Carnivore, using infrared camera trap data on species distribution collected from the national nature reserves of Liancheng, Wolong, Tangjiahe, and Heizhugou in China in 2017-2021. Data showed seven mustelid species occurring in the study area, including <em>Arctonyx collaris</em>, <em>Mele leucurus</em>,<em> Martes foina</em>, <em>Martes flavigula</em>, <em>Mustela altaica</em>, <em>Mustela nivalis</em>, and <em>Mustela sibirica</em>. Following Ricklefs' definition of biological community, we identified five networks of species associations. The mustelids occurred in the networks. Species from the same genus, such as <em>M. foina</em> and <em>M. flavigula</em>, stayed in different networks to avoid competition due to similar feeding habits or habitat preferences. Species with different feeding habits or habitat preferences either occurred in different networks, such as <em>M. altaica</em> and <em>M. flavigula</em>, or coexist in the same networks but avoided direct spatial associations, such as <em>M. foina</em> and <em>A. collaris</em><em>.</em> Asymmetrical associations were found between different genera, such as <em>M. foina</em> and <em>M</em><em>.</em><em> altaica</em>; or between different subfamilies, such as <em>M. flavigula</em> and <em>A</em><em>.</em><em> collaris</em>. These associations may be attributed to interspecific killing or seed dispersal. However, these associations accounted for only a small proportion and would not impact the species diversity of Mustelidae. It is thus concluded that the prediction is supported by our research findings and that spatial avoidance may be the biogeographic strategy of maintaining the species diversity of the family. We also found that the well protection of the mustelids may benefit to the overall biodiversity conservation in Heizhugou, an NNR that has experienced severe deforestation.</p>
Data from: Hyperspectral imaging reveals differential carotenoid and chlorophyll temporal dynamics and spatial patterns in Scots pine under water stress
<p>Data and codes associated with the manuscript '<span>Hyperspectral imaging reveals differential carotenoid and chlorophyll temporal dynamics and spatial patterns in Scots pine under water stress</span>'. </p>
Data from: Surrogate taxa and fossils as reliable proxies of spatial biodiversity patterns in marine benthic communities
Rigorous documentation of spatial heterogeneity (β-diversity) in present-day and preindustrial ecosystems is required to assess how marine communities respond to environmental and anthropogenic drivers. However, the overwhelming majority of contemporary and palaeontological assessments have centred on single higher taxa. To evaluate the validity of single taxa as community surrogates and palaeontological proxies, we compared macrobenthic communities and sympatric death assemblages at 52 localities in Onslow Bay (NC, USA). Compositional heterogeneity did not differ significantly across datasets based on live molluscs, live non-molluscs, and all live organisms. Death assemblages were less heterogeneous spatially, likely reflecting homogenization by time-averaging. Nevertheless, live and dead datasets were greater than 80% congruent in pairwise comparisons to the literature estimates of β-diversity in other marine ecosystems, yielded concordant bathymetric gradients, and produced nearly identical ordinations consistently delineating habitats. Congruent estimates from molluscs and non-molluscs suggest that single groups can serve as reliable community proxies. High spatial fidelity of death assemblages supports the emerging paradigm of Conservation Palaeobiology. Integrated analyses of ecological and palaeontological data based on surrogate taxa can quantify anthropogenic changes in marine ecosystems and advance our understanding of spatial and temporal aspects of biodiversity.
Energy-water and seasonal variations in climate underlie the spatial distribution patterns of gymnosperms species richness in China
<p>Studying the pattern of species richness is crucial in understanding the diversity and distribution of organisms in the earth. Climate and human influences are the major driving factors that directly influence the large-scale distributions of plant species, including gymnosperms. Understanding how gymnosperms respond to climate, topography, and human-induced changes is useful in predicting the impacts of global change. Here, we attempt to evaluate how climatic and human-induced processes could affect the spatial richness patterns of gymnosperms in China. Initially, we divided a map of the country into grid cells of 50 × 50 km<sup>2 </sup>spatial resolution and plotted the geographical coordinate distribution occurrence of 236 native gymnosperm taxa. The gymnosperm taxa were separated into three response variables: (i) all species, (ii) endemic species, and (iii) non-endemic species, based on their distribution. The species richness patterns of these response variables to four predictor sets were also evaluated: (i) energy-water, (ii) climatic seasonality, (iii) habitat heterogeneity, and (iv) human influences. We performed generalized linear models (GLMs) and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effect of predictors on spatial richness patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was highest in the southwestern mountainous area and Taiwan in China. We found a significant relationship between the predictor variable set and species richness pattern. Further, our findings provide evidence that climatic seasonality is the most important factor in explaining distinct fractions of variations in the species richness patterns of all studied response variables. Moreover, it was found that energy-water was the best predictor set to determine the richness pattern of all species and endemic species, while habitat-heterogeneity has a better influence on non-endemic species. Therefore, we conclude that with the current climate fluctuations as a result of climate change and increasing human activities, gymnosperms might face a high risk of extinction.</p>
Data and codes to replicate the analysis in: The spatial ecology of conflicts: Unravelling patterns of wildlife damage at multiple scales
<p><span><span>Human encroachment into natural habitats is typically followed by conflicts derived from wildlife damages to agriculture and livestock. Spatial risk modelling is a useful tool to gain understanding of wildlife damage and mitigate conflicts. Although resource selection is a hierarchical process operating at multiple scales, risk models usually fail to address more than one scale, which can result in the misidentification of the underlying processes. Here, we addressed the multi-scale nature of wildlife damage occurrence by considering ecological and management correlates interacting from household to landscape scales. We studied brown bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) damage to apiaries in the North-eastern Carpathians as our model system. Using generalized additive models, we found that brown bear tendency to avoid humans and the habitat preferences of bears and beekeepers determine the risk of bear damage at multiple scales. Damage risk at fine scales increased when the broad landscape context also favoured damages. Furthermore, integrated-scale risk maps resulted in more accurate predictions than single-scale models. Our results suggest that principles of resource selection by animals can be used to understand the occurrence of damages and help mitigate conflicts in a proactive and preventive manner. </span></span></p>
Dataset for "A graph-theoretic approach for spatial filtering and its impact on mixed-type spatial pattern recognition in wafer bin maps"
<p>This is the dataset used in the paper, Ezzat, Liu, Hochbaum, and Ding, 2021, “A graph-theoretic approach for spatial filtering and its impact on mixed-type spatial pattern recognition in wafer bin maps,” <em>IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing</em>, Vol. 34, pp. 194-206.</p>
Spatial patterns of light-demanding tree species in the Yangambi rainforest (Democratic Republic of Congo)
<p>We are studying the factors of spatial distribution of light-demanding tree species in an undisturbed natural forest to contribute to the elucidation of the enigma of the persistence of light-demanding tree species in the canopy of the Congo Basin rainforests. Our objective was to analyze the current spatial distribution combined with the spatial autocorrelation of light-demanding stems species and to carry out a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to discuss the role that different factors may have played in determining the observed spatial pattern. These species were subdivided into three regeneration guilds, based on their growth speed and longevity: short-lived pioneer (SLP), long-lived pioneer (LLP), and non-pioneer light-demanding (NPLD) species. We also compared the distribution of these species to that of <i>Gilbertiodendron</i> <i>dewevrei</i>, a typical extremely aggregative and locally hyperdominant shade-tolerant species. For this purpose, we carried out a selective inventory of all stems (at least 10 cm DBH) of light-demanding species in the forest around the Moni River, an area rich in individuals of light-demanding species. This inventory was carried out along eight transects equidistant by 450 m. The total length of these transects was 50.125 km (an area of 250.625 ha). The sampling units consisted of contiguous plots (200 m x 50 m) centered on the transect (long side parallel to the transect). Each plot was divided into 8 sub-plots of 25 m x 50 m. The parameters directly measured in the field were diameter at breast height (DBH), wetland indicators, topography, and slope. The last three parameters were measured in each sub-plot. The wetland indicators were spring, stream (stream 1 to about 3 m wide that can be forded), river (stream more than 3 m wide and that cannot be forded), temporary or periodically flooded swamp, permanent swamp, and absence of wetland. The modalities of the topography parameter were ridge, plateau, slope break, upward slope, downward slope, and lowland. The slope was measured using the SUUNTO clinometer. The longitude and latitude were deduced from the Cartesian coordinates (X and Y) of each tree, which were measured directly during the inventory. The altitude and distance from the nearest watercourse were deduced from the Geographic Information System (GIS). The altitude was derived from the digital terrain model of the Yangambi region, while the distance to the nearest watercourse was derived from a distance to watercourses map of the Yangambi region.</p>
Areography, environmental heterogeneity and spatial models explain patterns of past and present diversity in Edraianthus (Campanulaceae)
<p>Our study aims to shed light on distribution patterns and the relationship between species diversity and environmental heterogeneity of 17 <em>Edraianthus</em> taxa. We examined present-day and past distribution (Last Glacial Maximum) by applying ecological niche modelling. The environmental space occupied by the taxa was analysed using niche comparison methods. The results support the idea that the central and southern Dinaric Alps represent a centre of diversity and endemism in the western Balkan Peninsula. <em>Edraianthus</em> diversity is best explained by topographic (slope) and bioclimatic predictors (maximum temperature of warmest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of warmest quarter, precipitation of coldest quarter), suggesting that mountain areas with the most diversified relief have higher diversity. Niche modelling results suggest considerable range dynamics during the climatically unstable Quaternary. Thermophitic and lowland taxa responded with longitudinal shifts to ecologically suitable areas farther south, while high mountain taxa responded mainly with elevational shifts. The greatest niche similarity is found among phylogenetically closely related taxa and among ecologically similar and often sympatric taxa. The least similarity was observed in species with marked differences in habitat elevation and in more geographically isolated species. Our results suggest that the extent of range and niche overlap varied among some taxa throughout their evolutionary history, which may have led to diversification at both allopatric and sympatric levels. The correlation between the genetic diversity of the most widespread taxon and the richness of taxa could be a consequence of past and present contacts. On the other hand, alternate periods of isolation may have favoured the emergence of taxa that are reproductively isolated and ecologically specialised.</p>
Data for "From pandemic to endemic: Spatial-temporal patterns of influenza-like-illness incidence in a Swiss canton, 1918-1924"
<p>Datasets underlying the analysis of the paper: "From pandemic to endemic: Spatial-temporal patterns of influenza incidence in a Swiss canton, 1918-1924"</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cofactors_1918.xlsx</strong> : Ecological cofactors for each bernese municipility</li> <li><strong>Data_Influenza_Bern.xlsx: </strong>Influenza data (1920-1924)</li> <li><strong>Data_Spanishflu.xlsx: </strong>"Spanish flu" data (1918-1919)</li> <li><strong>Data_Population.xlsx: </strong>Population for each municipality</li> <li><strong>Tb_death.xlsx : </strong>Number of tuberculosis death</li> <li><strong>Fabrik_Statistik_1929.xlsx : </strong>Information about the factories</li> </ul>
Data from: Emergent spatial patterns can indicate upcoming regime shifts in a realistic model of coral community
<p class="western"><span>Increased stress on coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrasses, kelp forests and other habitats can make them shift towards degraded, often algae-dominated or barren communities. This has already occurred in many places around the world, calling for new approaches to identify where such regime shifts may be triggered. Theoretical work predicts that the spatial structure of habitat-forming species should exhibit changes prior to regime shifts,</span><span><em> </em></span><span>such as an increase in spatial autocorrelation. However, extending this theory to marine systems requires theoretical models connecting field-supported ecological mechanisms to data and spatial patterns at relevant scales. To do so, we built a spatially-explicit model of sub-tropical coral communities based on experiments and long-term datasets from Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), to test whether spatial indicators could signal upcoming regime shifts in coral communities. Spatial indicators anticipated degradation of coral communities following increases in frequency of bleaching events or coral mortality. However, they were generally unable to signal shifts that followed herbivore loss, a widespread and well-researched source of degradation, likely because herbivory, despite being critical for the maintenance of corals, had comparatively little effect on their self-organization. Informative trends were found both under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, but were determined by the type of direct neighbor interactions between corals, which remain relatively poorly documented. These inconsistencies show that while this approach is promising, its application to marine systems will require detailed information about the type of stressor, and filling current gaps in our knowledge of interactions at play in coral communities. </span></p>
Data for "Spatial and Temporal patterns of Southern Ocean Ventilation"
<p>This contains the trajectory data used in the paper "Spatial and temporal patterns of Southern Ocean Ventilation" which has been submitted to GRL</p>
Spatial patterns of phylogenetic and species diversity of Fennoscandian vascular plants in protected areas
<p>Protected areas are one of the main strategic means for conserving biodiversity. Yet, the design of protected areas usually neglects phylogenetic diversity, an important diversity measure. In this paper, we assess the phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants in Fennoscandian protected areas. We evaluate how much species richness and phylogenetic diversity is found within and outside protected areas, and the differences in diversity between different categories of protected areas. We also assess the differences in the diversity-area relationship of the different protected area categories in terms of both species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We build a multi-locus phylogeny of 1,519 native vascular plants of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We estimate the phylogenetic diversity and species richness by combining the phylogeny with publicly available occurrence data and the currently protected area system of Fennoscandia. Our results indicate that protected areas in Fennoscandia hold more diversity when larger, and that phylogenetic diversity increases faster with area than species richness. We found evidence for more diversity outside of protected areas of the different countries of Fennoscandia than inside of protected areas, but no evidence for diversity differences between areas with different protection status. Hence, our results indicate that the current protected area system in Fennoscandia is no more effective in conserving phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants than a random selection of localities. Our results also indicate that planning conservation strategies around phylogenetic diversity, rather than species richness, might be more effective in protecting vascular plant diversity.</p>
Leveraging spatial patterns in precipitation forecasts using deep learning to support risk-averse flood management
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Energy-water and seasonal variations in climate underlie the spatial distribution patterns of gymnosperms species richness in China
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Data from a flexible framework to assess patterns and drivers of beta diversity across spatial scales
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Sticky trap pattern size for thrips spatial vision
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Exploring reversibility and contrasting patterns in temperature-size relationships across spatial and temporal scales using subfossil chironomids
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Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of environmental DNA detection to inform sampling protocols in lentic and lotic systems
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.