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Fig. 4a-c in Morphological, ecological and toxicological aspects of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) in a eutrophic urban subtropical lake in southern Brazil

Fig. 4a-c. Photomicrographs of Raphidiopsis raciborskii bloom from the studied lake demonstrating: a. general aspect of the bloom; c. part of a trichome with a heterocyte and an akinete; c. part of a trichome with only an akinete. Bars =10µm.

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Fig. 1 in Morphological, ecological and toxicological aspects of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) in a eutrophic urban subtropical lake in southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Map of the studied lake, showing the two sampling sites (I = water inflow and O = water outflow).

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 1 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi. A. Stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E), C. Masson trichrome (MT), and E. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland of Aphyocharax anisitsi. B. Stained with H-E, D. MT, and F. PAS. RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PI: pars intermedia; NH: neurohypophysis.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 7 | Camera lucida drawings of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland, obtained by histological and immunohistochemical analysis, showing the distribution of adenohypophyseal cells of P. axelrodi A. and A. anisitsi B.. RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PI: pars intermedia; NH: neurohypophysis. () prolactin cells; () adrenocorticotropin cells () growth hormone; (Ê) gonadotropin cells; () somatolactin cells; (+) melanotropin cells.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 4 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections in the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi showing the location of PRL- A. and ACTH- C. ir from the RPD and MSH- C. and SL- F. ir from the PI. Gray box shows the area of detail microphotographs. Details of PRL- B. and ACTH- D. ir from the RPD and MSH- E. and SL- G. ir from the PI. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Black star: neurohypophysis; MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI: pars intermedia; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PRL: prolactin; RPD: rostral pars distalis; SL: somatolactin.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 3 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections in the pituitary gland of Aphyocharax anisitsi showing the location of PRL- A. and ACTH- C. ir from the RPD and MSH- C. and SL- F. ir from the PI. Gray box shows the area of detail microphotographs. Details of PRL- B. and ACTH- D. ir from the RPD and MSH- E. and SL- G. ir from the PI. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Black star: neurohypophysis; MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI: pars intermedia; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PRL: prolactin; RPD: rostral pars distalis; SL: somatolactin.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 2 | Details of various components of the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi and Aphyocharax anisitsi. Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the A. RPD, B. PPD in P. axelrodi and C. PPD and D. PI in A. anisitsi stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E). Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the E. PPD and F. PI of P. axelrodi and G. PPD and H. PI in A. anisitsi stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The delimited gray area corresponds to the neurohypophysis. Black arrowhead: blood vessel; RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars disalis; PI: pars intermedia. Bars = 10µm.

Figure 6 in Far from urban areas: plastic uptake in fish populations of subtropical headwater streams

Figure 6. Median plastic particle distribution in fishes per sample site (whiskers = min - max values, dots = outliers, stars = extreme outliers, horizontal line = median, box = 50% tile).

Figure 3 in Far from urban areas: plastic uptake in fish populations of subtropical headwater streams

Figure 3. Plastic particles abundances in benthic and water column feeders (whiskers = min - max values, dots outliers, stars extreme outliers, horizontal line median, box 50% tile).

Figure 1. Study area. A. South America and Brazil. B in Far from urban areas: plastic uptake in fish populations of subtropical headwater streams

Figure 1. Study area. A. South America and Brazil. B. Brazil and the state of Rio Grande do Sul. C. Rio Grande do Sul and the Sinos River Basin. D. The numbers from 1 to 7 in the white dots show the sampling sites in the upper section of the Sinos River basin. The colour gradient represents the terrain elevation (light green elevations of 30m altitude and dark brown elevations of 980m). The red polygons are the urban areas.

Figure 5 in Far from urban areas: plastic uptake in fish populations of subtropical headwater streams

Figure 5. Total abundances of food items per category in comparison with ingested plastic particles abundances. (Pla=Pastics, Dip=Diptera, Hem=Hemiptera, Tri=Tricoptera, Lep=Lepidoptera, Eph=Ephemeroptera, Ple=Plecoptera, Col=Coleoptera, Gas=Gastropoda, Odo=Odonata, Veg= Plant).

Figure 1 in Spatio-temporal variability in the Cladocera assemblage of a subtropical hypersaline lagoon

Figure 1. Map of the Rio de Janeiro state coast highlighting the 12 sampling stations in Araruama lagoon.

Figure 5 in Spatio-temporal variability in the Cladocera assemblage of a subtropical hypersaline lagoon

Figure 5. Cladocera Assemblage of Araruama Lagoon from January 2010 to December 2013. Stations 11 and 12 with different scales. E. spinifera (black and white lines arranged laterally); P. tergestina (black with small white spots);P. avitostris (vertical black and white lines); P. polyphemoides (chess pattern); P. sckmackeri (black and white lines waved horizontally).

Figure 3 in Spatio-temporal variability in the Cladocera assemblage of a subtropical hypersaline lagoon

Figure 3. BoxPolt of temperature presented from means and standard deviation, spatial variation (A) and temporal variation (B).

Fig. 7 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 7. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of hexapod families identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012. (A) RDA revealed that the explained variance derived on the first (X) and second (Y) axes for the first 19 families in the two principal components (i.e., PC1 and PC2) were 0.773 and 0.227, respectively. Triplot revealed the association between hexapod compositions at the family level and monthly average temperature (MAT) and monthly cumulative precipitation (MCP). Families are indicated by red arrows, and climatic factors are indicated by blue arrows. Samples collected in spring (April), summer (June and August), fall (October), and winter (December and February) are indicated by red triangles, empty triangles, diamonds, and circles, respectively. The eigenvalues on the first and second axes were 0.262 and 0.194, respectively. The arrow lengths and directions correspond to the variance explained by the climatic factors. The directions of the arrows indicate whether the magnitude of the variance explained by the climatic factors increased. The perpendicular distances between the family and climatic variable axes (or arrows) in the plot reflect their correlations; the smaller the distance is, the stronger the correlation is. (B) Spearman's Pearson correlation coefficients between the individuals of 19 hexapod families and two climate factors. The values for each family are presented in a gradient of blue to red to represent the families' expected correlations with the climatic factors. The values in the blue bars indicate the explained variance by the climatic factors for each family. The first three capital letters of family name in panel B were used in place of the full name of each family.

Fig. 6 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 6. Spatial ordination of hexapod compositions—determined through principal component analysis—identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012. The dominant families with extremely low PC2 values (lower than -0.2) are listed (details provided in Table S4). The right and left areas present hexapods in the winter and summer groups, respectively.

Fig. 5 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 5. Transformed numbers (logN values) of adult (solid circle) and nymphal (empty circle) individuals belonging to the dominant family Cicadellidae identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012.

Fig. 3 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 3. Variations of hexapod biodiversity indices in bimonthly surveys. Variations of Evenness (circle), Shannon (square), and Simpson (triangle) indices during 2009–2012. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 4 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 4. Numbers of individuals and the biomass transformed on the basis of body length data collected in bimonthly survey during 2009–2012. The numbers of individuals (solid circles) and biomass (empty circles, mg) were transformed into logN values. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 2 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 2. Bimonthly dynamics of numbers of individuals in the dominant hexapod orders Collembola (square), Hemiptera (triangle), and Hymenoptera (circle) surveyed during 2009–2012. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.