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545 results for “synchronization”
Phenological synchronization of seasonal bird migration with vegetation greenness across dietary guilds
<p>1. The seasonal movement of animals has been linked to seasonal variation in ecological productivity, and it has been hypothesized that primary consumers synchronize migration with vegetation phenology. Within temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, herbivorous bird species often track the phenology of vegetation greenness during spring migration. Phenological synchronization with vegetation greenness by migratory birds in other dietary guilds, across the full extent of their annual distributions during both spring and autumn migration, has not been explored.</p> <p>2. Here, we document population-level associations with a remotely sensed measure of vegetation greenness for 230 North American migratory bird species in seven dietary guilds across the full annual cycle using eBird occurrence information for the combined period 2006-2018.</p> <p>3. Evidence of phenological synchronization was strongest for omnivores, herbivores, herbivore-granivores, and granivores during spring and autumn migration, except for omnivores in the west during spring migration. Strong evidence of synchronization was also observed for insectivores during spring migration and carnivores during spring and autumn migration that migrated across the entire breadth of the continent. The level of evidence declined for insectivores in the west and east during spring migration, and for nectarivores in the west during spring and autumn migration. Limited evidence was also found for insectivores in the east during autumn migration, insectivores in the west and the center of the continent during spring and autumn migration, and carnivores in the west during spring migration. Carnivores in the west during autumn migration showed the weakest evidence of synchronization.</p> <p>4. We found broad support across an array of dietary guilds for phenological coupling between vegetation greenness and seasonal bird migration within North America. Our results highlight the potential for many migratory bird species to encounter phenological mismatches as vegetation phenology responds to climate change. Our findings emphasize the need to better understand the environmental cues that regulate migratory behavior across dietary guilds, consumer levels, and migration tactics.</p>
Fin synchronization video
<p>In this video it is possible to appreciate the functioning of the control logic that keeps the fins synchronized an maintains the phase shift between mechanisms.</p>
Data from: Oscillatory signatures underlie growth regimes in Arabidopsis pollen tubes: computational methods to estimate tip location, periodicity and synchronization in growing cells
Oscillations in pollen tubes have been reported for many cellular processes, including growth, extracellular ion fluxes, and cytosolic ion concentrations. However, there is a shortage of quantitative methods to measure and characterize the different dynamic regimes observed. Herein, a suite of open-source computational methods and original algorithms were integrated into an automated analysis pipeline that we employed to characterize specific oscillatory signatures in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). Importantly, it enabled us to detect and quantify a Ca2+ spiking behaviour upon growth arrest and synchronized oscillations involving growth, extracellular H+ fluxes, and cytosolic Ca2+, providing the basis for novel hypotheses. Our computational approach includes a new tip detection method with subpixel resolution using linear regression, showing improved ability to detect oscillations when compared to currently available methods. We named this data analysis pipeline 'Computational Heuristics for Understanding Kymographs and aNalysis of Oscillations Relying on Regression and Improved Statistics', or CHUKNORRIS. It can integrate diverse data types (imaging, electrophysiology), extract quantitative and time-explicit estimates of oscillatory characteristics from isolated time series (period and amplitude) or pairs (phase relationships and delays), and evaluate their synchronization state. Here, its performance is tested with ratiometric and single channel kymographs, ion flux data, and growth rate analysis.
Synchronous and asynchronous root and shoot phenology in temperate woody seedlings
<p>Understanding variation in root and shoot growth phenology among species is crucial to understanding underlying mechanisms of temporal niche differentiation. However, little is known about the relationship between root and shoot phenology, or how this relationship varies among functional traits. We examined fine root and shoot phenology of 42 seedlings representing a variety of woody species that inhabit the cool temperate forests of northern Japan. Some aspects of phenology were common to the pool of species examined: we found positive relationships between root and shoot phenology for the end of growth, and for the duration of growth, but not for the start of growth. Further, seedlings that started root growth relatively early also ended root growth relatively late. Other aspects of phenology varied predictably with functional traits, i.e. leaf habit and successional status: first, root growth in evergreen species started significantly earlier and ended later than in deciduous species; second, early successional species had the longest duration of shoot growth among all successional types. Our results suggest that niche differentiation may be promoted by differences in phenology between root and shoots, likely contributing to the co-existence of woody seedlings in temperate forests.</p>
Data from: Competition and cooperation in a synchronous bushcricket chorus
Synchronous signalling within choruses of the same species either emerges from cooperation or competition. In our study on the katydid Mecopoda elongata, we aim to identify mechanisms driving evolution towards synchrony. The increase of signal amplitude owing to synchronous signalling and the preservation of a conspecific signal period may represent cooperative mechanisms, whereas chorus synchrony may also result from the preference of females for leading signals and the resulting competition for the leader role. We recorded the timing of signals and the resulting communal signal amplitudes in small choruses and performed female choice experiments to identify such mechanisms. Males frequently timed their signals either as leader or follower with an average time lag of about 70 ms. Females selected males in such choruses on the basis of signal order and signal duration. Two-choice experiments revealed a time lag of only 70 ms to bias mate choice in favour of the leader. Furthermore, a song model with a conspecific signal period of 2 s was more attractive than a song model with an irregular or longer and shorter than average signal period. Owing to a high degree of overlap and plasticity of signals produced in 'four male choruses', peak and root mean square amplitudes increased by about 7 dB relative to lone singers. Modelling active space of synchronous males and solo singing males revealed a strongly increased broadcast area of synchronous signallers, but a slightly reduced per capita mating possibility compared with lone singers. These results suggest a strong leader preference of females as the ultimate causation of inter-male competition for timing signals as leader. The emerging synchrony increases the amplitude of signals produced in a chorus and has the potential to compensate a reduction of mating advantage in a chorus. We discuss a possible fitness benefit of males gained through a beacon effect and the possibility that signalling as follower is stabilized via natural selection.
Data from: Increasing frequency of low summer precipitation synchronizes dynamics and compromises metapopulation stability in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
Climate change is known to shift species' geographical ranges, phenologies and abundances, but less is known about other population dynamic consequences. Here, we analyse spatio-temporal dynamics of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) in a network of 4000 dry meadows during 21 years. The results demonstrate two strong, related patterns: the amplitude of year-to-year fluctuations in the size of the metapopulation as a whole has increased, though there is no long-term trend in average abundance; and there is a highly significant increase in the level of spatial synchrony in population dynamics. The increased synchrony cannot be explained by increasing within-year spatial correlation in precipitation, the key environmental driver of population change, or in per capita growth rate. On the other hand, the frequency of drought during a critical life-history stage (early larval instars) has increased over the years, which is sufficient to explain the increasing amplitude and the expanding spatial synchrony in metapopulation dynamics. Increased spatial synchrony has the general effect of reducing long-term metapopulation viability even if there is no change in average metapopulation size. This study demonstrates how temporal changes in weather conditions can lead to striking changes in spatio-temporal population dynamics.
Data from: Ecology and signal structure drive the evolution of synchronous displays
Animal synchrony is found in phylogenetically distant animal groups, indicating behavioural adaptations to different selective pressures and in different signaling modalities. A notable example of synchronous display is found in fiddler crabs in that males wave their single enlarged claw during courtship. They present species-specific signals, which are composed of distinctive movement signatures. Given that synchronous waving has been reported for several fiddler crab species, the display pattern could influence the ability of a given species to sufficiently adjust wave timing to allow for synchrony. In this study we quantified the wave displays of fiddler crabs to predict their synchronous behaviour. We combined this information with the group's phylogenetic relationships to trace the evolution of display synchrony in an animal taxon. We found no phylogenetic signal in interspecific variation in predicted wave synchrony, which mirrors the general non-phylogenetic pattern of synchrony across animal taxa. Interestingly, our analyses show that the phenomenon of synchronization stems from the peculiarities of display pattern, mating systems and the complexity of microhabitats. This is the first study to combine mathematical simulations and phylogenetic comparative methods to reveal how ecological factors and the mechanics of animal signals affect the evolution of the synchronous phenomena.
High synchrony of tree growth is followed by a uniform pattern of de-synchronization
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Growth asynchrony in trees increases deviation in the average of forest growth and, consequently, brings uncertainty in modeling forest productivity and other functions. Despite recognition of growth variability among trees, the process of asynchronous growth and its ecological implications are poorly understood. Here we used tree-ring data to show that, although forest growth is influenced by climatic factors, inter-annual growth changes of individual trees often do not respond in a synchronous manner.</p><p><strong>Location: </strong>China.</p><p><strong>Time period: </strong>The past five and a half centuries.</p><p><strong>Major taxa studied: </strong>Forest tree growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used tree-ring methods and tree-ring data obtained from increment core samples in 1046 juniper trees at 32 sites and 538 pine trees at 20 sites to explore the implications of growth asynchrony in maintaining forest stability in the face of environmental fluctuations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After highly synchronous growth events, the number of trees keeping continuous growth synchrony declined progressively and, notably, in a relatively uniform pattern.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>We argue that diverse rather than synchronized growth spreads the capacity of trees to respond to disturbances and stresses at the individual level, consequently enhances forest resilience to risks of climate uncertainty. This resilience-acquisition strategy is an inherent and an adaptive property of forest tree growth that is similar to maintaining a diversified financial investment portfolio. This new perspective on widespread asynchronous tree growth sheds insight into assessment of forest health risks under future climate change.</p>
Supplementary Data for "Synchronous asteroid breakup paused the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event"
<p>Supplementary Data includes a detailed comparison of the YW2 borehole with the well-studied Puxi River section, the U-Pb isotopic data of the bentonite, and coupled carbon isotope data of the YW2 borehole. </p>
Dataset for Globally synchronous meteorite rain paused the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
<p>Supporting information includes a detailed comparison of the stratigraphy of the YW2 borehole with the well-studied Puxi River section, the U-Pb isotopic data from the bentonite, and coupled carbon isotope data from the YW2 borehole.</p>
Dataset for the paper - "Synchronized LFP rhythmicity in the social brain reflects the context of social encounters"
<p>Dataset for the paper:</p><p>Synchronized LFP rhythmicity in the social brain reflects the context of social encounters</p><p>Alok Nath Mohapatra,*, David Peles, Shai Netser, Shlomo Wagner</p><p>*Corresponding author: Alok Nath Mohapatra, Email: thinkalok@gmail.com </p><p>Affiliation: Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, POB. 3338, Haifa 3103301, Israel.</p><p> </p>
Predation of mesopelagic fish on tuna eggs and larvae: fitness benefits of synchronizing spawning with the moon
<p>This repository contains all data and R code used in the research article "Model of mesopelagic fish predation on eggs and larvae shows benefits of tuna spawning under full moon" - https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lno.12465</p><p>Data and code are originally structured in folders and can be found in GitHub - https://github.com/dottmann/moon_light</p>
Data from: Simultaneous determination of diosmin and hesperidin in combined pharmaceutical preparation by synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method
<p>Diosmin (DSM) and hesperidin (HSP) binary mixture was analyzed simultaneously by developing a sensitive, rapid, and simple synchronous spectrofluorimetric method. In methanol at ∆λ of 100 nm, the relative synchronous fluorescence intensities (RSFI) of both medications were measured. It was shown that these intensities were influenced by distinct experimental factors. The optimization and detailed study of these parameters were conducted. For DSM and HSP, respectively, the plots of synchronous fluorescence intensity-concentration were found to be rectilinear across the ranges of 0.5-5.0 µg/mL and 0.2-3.0 µg/mL. For DSM and HSP, respectively, 0.107 µg/mL and 0.048 µg/mL were the detection limits and 0.323 and 0.144 µg/mL were the limits of quantification. The method described in this study was effectively employed to estimate the quantities of both drugs present in commercially available mixed tablets. The results produced using this method were then compared favorably to results obtained using a different method for comparison.</p>
Data and code for 'Fast and artifact-free excitation multiplexing using synchronized image scanning'
<p>Data and source code for the publication 'Fast and artifact-free excitation multiplexing using synchronized image scanning'.</p>
Data from: Long-term aquarium records delineate the synchronized spawning strategy of Acropora corals
<p>Coral mass spawning, where corals synchronically release their gametes over several days following full moon, is one of the most spectacular reproduction events in the world. However, despite decades of studies, environmental drivers of the synchronous spawning remain controversial, partly because long-term systematic characterisations of the reproduction activities are challenging in the field. In this study, the authors take an advantage of 15-years-long spawning records of <em>Acropora</em> corals from aquarium tanks to successfully identify key environmental factors to determine coral spawning timing. The study demonstrates the great potential of the aquarium system in shaping our understanding of coral reproduction behaviour.</p>
Synchronization of in vivo MacoNPV-A baculovirus infection by analysis of individual Mamestra configurata larval guts
<p><span>Many studies have examined the gene expression of baculoviruses during host infection by infecting cultured insect host cells; however, only a few have attempted to characterize the interaction between baculoviruses and insect larvae, which more accurately models the virus-insect relationship. The greatest challenge in assessing gene expression profiles <em>in vivo</em> in the larval gut is the lack of infection synchronization compared to cultured cells. Working with bertha armyworm, <em>Mamestra configurata</em>, larvae infected with the baculovirus Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus-A<em> </em><span> </span>(MacoNPV-A), viral gene expression was measured using droplet-digital PCR showing that the rate of infection in individual insects varies extremely widely. Subsequent RNA-seq of individual guts revealed that gene expression patterns were consistent in individuals with similar levels of viral gene expression. Therefore, the best approach for analyzing baculovirus gene expression <em>in vivo</em> is to use the expression of an early viral gene as a means to select individuals that are closely matched in infection progress to produce the most synchronized infection cohorts for measuring gene expression profiles. In this way, a profile of gene expression was identified very early in infection that would have been masked by the activity of a few very robustly infected individuals present in sample pools made up of multiple individuals.</span></p>
Identification of Goat Milk Adulterated with Cow Milk Based on Total Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy
<p>This data comes from the article "<span>Identification of Goat Milk Adulterated with Cow Milk Based on Total Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with CNN</span>". Among them, "origin_data" is the original experimental data; "data" is the original experimental data extracted and merged into Excel data; "plot_data" is the contour map drawn for a single sample. For detailed experimental configuration, please refer to the article. If you need detailed data analysis, please contact 19851781820@163.com.</p>
Green quantitative spectrofluorimetric analysis of rupatadine and montelukast at nanogram scale using direct and synchronous techniques
<p>Two green sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods at nanogram scale were investigated for the determination of rupatadine fumarate (RUP) [method I] and its binary mixture with montelukast (MKT) [method II]. Method I is concerned with measuring the native fluorescence of RUP in presence of 0.10 M H2SO4 and 0.10 % w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate at 455 nm after excitation at 277 nm. The linearity range of the first method was 0.20-2.00 µg/mL with detection and quantitation limits of 11.00 ng/mL and 36.00 ng/mL, respectively. The second method includes the concurrent estimation of RUP and MKT in their co-formulated tablet preparation by applying first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. The derivative intensities were measured for the two drugs in aqueous solution containing Mcllvaine's buffer pH 2.60 at fixed wavelength difference (Δλ) of 140 nm. Each drug was estimated at the zero contribution of the other. For RUP, the intensity was measured at 261 nm while MKT was quantitated at 371 nm. The method was linear over the range of 0.10-4.00 µg/mL and 0.20-1.60 µg/mL with limits of detection 4.00 and 5.00 ng/mL and limits of quantitation 13.38 and 15.00 ng/mL for RUP and MKT, respectively. The method was extended to determine the two analytes in laboratory-prepared mixtures and combined tablets. Validation of the two methods was performed according the official recommendations of the International Council of Harmonization (ICH). Statistical interpretation of data revealed that our results were in good agreement with the comparison method. Moreover, the greenness of the methods has been assessed and confirmed by applying three different reported assessment tools.</p>
Let's Trace It: Fine-Grained Serverless Benchmarking using Synchronous and Asynchronous Orchestrated Applications - Dataset
<p>This dataset contains the raw collected traces, preprocessed versions of the traces, and summary figures for the data associated with our manuscript <em>Let's Trace It: Fine-Grained Serverless Benchmarking using Synchronous and Asynchronous Orchestrated Applications.</em></p> <p>It contains over 7.5 million (7 564 830) traces of the ten applications integrated with ServiBench. The measurements were conducted on AWS Lambda in the us-east-1 region in late 2021 and early 2022. For more details on how the traces were collected we refer to our manuscript.</p> <p>For details on how to replicate our existing analysis on this dataset, we refer to https://github.com/ServiBench/ReplicationPackage</p>
Data for figures: Microresonator Dissipative Kerr Solitons Synchronized to an Optoelectronic Oscillator
<p>This dataset contains the figures and data presented in the paper <Microresonator Dissipative Kerr Solitons Synchronized to an Optoelectronic Oscillator>.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.