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412 results for “temperate forests”
Related data to article "Environmental Drivers of Gross Primary Productivity and Light Use Efficiency of a Temperate Spruce Forest"
<p>Data related to the article "Environmental Drivers of Gross Primary Productivity and Light Use Efficiency of a Temperate Spruce Forest", currently (2022-12-05) under review for publication in JGR:Biogeosciences.</p>
No home-field advantage in litter decomposition from the desert to temperate forest
<p>1. Litter decomposition rates are determined by the interplay of climate, decomposer organisms and litter quality. It has been suggested that the decomposer community may be locally adapted to litter quality, providing a home-field advantage (HFA) resulting in accelerated decomposition of local compared to non-local litter, after accounting for decomposition differences due to litter quality and the functional capacity of microorganisms. Although widely tested in forests, this hypothesis remains controversial and lacks a general support of its generality across climates.</p> <p>2. We therefore tested the HFA hypothesis for litter decomposition in four contrasting ecosystems along an extensive climatic gradient in Chile, using a translocation experiment involving litter from 20 species. In addition to comparing mass loss, we adopted a novel way to disentangle decomposer effects from climate effects, based on loss rates of elements that are actively released from the litter by decomposers during its breakdown vs. elements that are simply leached by precipitation. We used the ratios of nitrogen and potassium losses (N/K loss) and phosphorus and potassium losses (P/K loss) to unravel the relative role of microbial breakdown (N and P loss) vs. physical leaching (K loss) along the climate gradient. Thus, at each site, we tested whether litter mass loss, N/K loss and P/K loss presented an additional loss due to a HFA for local compared to non-local litter.</p> <p>3. Across a wide range of environments and 20 different litter types, our findings unequivocally contradicted the HFA hypothesis. We observed no significantly positive HFA along the gradient, however litter quality and the general ability of the decomposer community influenced litter decomposition much more strongly than origin or location of the litter.</p> <p>4. Our study questions the applicability of the HFA for litter decomposition and calls for more studies that include a large range of climatic conditions to understand the context-dependency of HFA.</p>
Data from: Acoustic indices estimate breeding bird species richness with daily and seasonally variable effectiveness in lowland temperate Białowieża forest
<p><span>Biodiversity monitoring is important to follow temporal changes of the environment. We examined whether acoustic indices can be used as a rapid and easy-to-apply tool for bird biodiversity estimation in one of the least changed European lowland forests – the Białowieża Forest.</span></p> <p><span>We collected soundscape recordings in early and late spring at 84 randomly chosen recording points. At each recording point, we analysed 72 1-min sound samples to evaluate how well acoustic indices predict bird species richness from the perspective of a single sound sample, single survey, and recording point, and how they follow the daily pattern of singing activity. For each 1-min sound sample, we prepared a list of vocalizing bird species and calculated three acoustic indices: Bioacoustic Index (BI), Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), and Acoustic Diversity Index (ADI)</span>.</p> <p><span>We found that from the perspective of a single 1-min sound sample, BI best predicts the bird species richness, independently of time in the season but variably across the day, while ACI and ADI showed weaker and seasonally and daily variable dependency. The correlation between each index and the number of bird species was stronger in the early survey than in the late survey. All acoustic indices followed daily bird activity patterns, yet they provided greater values before the peak of the species richness estimated by manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings.</span></p> <p><span>We showed that acoustic indices correlate moderately to strongly with the bird species richness obtained by manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings by humans. Therefore, acoustic indices can be used as a tool for rapid estimation of bird biodiversity in temperate forests. However, daily and seasonal variation in effectiveness of acoustic indices should be taken into account in the analysis.</span></p>
Data for "Trait-based response of deadwood and tree-related microhabitats to decline in temperate lowland and montane forests"
<p><strong>Sampling design and case studies</strong></p> <p>The study was conducted in two French regions, the Loire valley and the French Pyrenees, and one German region, the Bavarian mountains. In the Loire valley, we studied two lowland sites in oak-dominated (both <em>Quercus petraea</em> (Matt.) Liebl. and <em>Quercus robur</em> L.) forests, one in the Orleans State Forest (107-174 m a.s.l.) and one in the Vierzon State Forest (120-190 m a.s.l.). The main secondary species in these forests were hornbeam (<em>Carpinus betulus</em> L.) and Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.). In 2020, we selected nine plots to represent a decline gradient in each of these forests. While the Orleans Forest was healthy overall, the Vierzon Forest had undergone several decline events due to successive droughts aggravated by edaphic factors. In the Pyrenees, we studied two sites in montane forests dominated by silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.), whose decline is mainly the result of successive droughts occurring since the 1980’s, and with Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) H. Karst) and European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) as secondary species. In 2017, we selected 43 plots: (i) 21 plots in the Aure Valley (854-1570 m a.s.l.) and (ii) 22 plots on the Sault Plateau (705-1557 m a.s.l.). The severe summer drought of 2003 had significant effects on tree mortality in oak and fir forests (Cours and others, 2022). Finally, we studied 19 plots of montane forest in the Bavarian Forest National Park, dominated by Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) H. Karst) with European beech and silver fir as the main secondary species (Bässler and others, 2009). The dieback results from several cycles of windstorms followed by bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em> (L.)) outbreaks (Müller and others, 2010), the dominant drivers of forest dynamics in Norway spruce forests in temperate Europe (Zemlerová and others, 2023). This dieback phenomenon was more severe than either of the aforementioned drought-induced declines, and resulted in greater tree mortality (Cours and others, 2021). In the fir and oak forests in France, our plots were set up in managed forests, and the surrounding forest was also predominantly managed. On the other hand, in the German spruce forest, our plots were set up both within the core area of the Bavarian Forest National Park, and in the surrounding zone (BIOKLIM project), with little or no human intervention (Müller and others, 2010).</p> <p><strong>Field measurements</strong></p> <p>Plots were set up with a Bitterlich relascope with an opening angle corresponding to counting factor n° 1 (ratio 1/50), and mean plot area was about 0.3 ha. For each tree within the plot, we recorded its status (i.e. dead, living, snag, log), tree-species and diameter at breast height (DBH; minimum DBH recorded = 17.5 cm for living trees and logs, 7.5 cm for snags, 67.5 cm for very large trees). We took the proportion of dead trees in basal area (i.e. the ratio of the cumulative basal area of standing and lying dead trees to the basal area of all the trees in the plot), hereinafter referred to as “mortality rate”, as a proxy for the level of local stand decline. Note that this “mortality rate” does not reflect true overall mortality rate in managed oak forests, as foresters removed most valuable declining trees. We visually inventoried TreMs on living trees, logs and snags, and included the 47 types described by Larrieu et al. (2018).</p> <p>For each deadwood item (length > 1 m) in the plot, we measured its decay stage (from 1 = hard dead wood fully covered with bark to 4 = soft wood without bark), length, diameter at mid-length for logs and snags < 4 m long, and DBH for dead trees and snags > 4 m. Deadwood was classified in the following categories: ground-lying (logs and uprooted dead trees) vs standing (snags and standing dead trees); small and mid-size (less than 40 cm in diameter) vs large and very large (more than 40 cm in diameter); and fresh (decay class 1 and 2) vs decayed (decay stage 3 and 4). We calculated the total number of items per hectare by allocating a coefficient N<sub>d</sub> related to diameter (d) to each item observed in the relascope sampling: (N<sub>d</sub> = π 10<sup>8</sup> [ArcTan(1/50)/(π d)]<sup>2</sup>). We estimated TreM diversity and the number of deadwood types per plot.</p> <p>We compiled a list of eco-morphological traits for woody elements (i.e., life status (living, dead) and vertical position (downed, standing), decay stage and diameter) and for TreMs detected in the field (TreM nature, association with deadwood (saproxylic, epixylic, mould), type of bearing substrate (i.e., living tree, dead tree or snag, and log), position in the tree (i.e. base, trunk, crown), degree of wetness, life span or ontogenesis).</p>
Coarse woody debris accelerates the decomposition of deadwood inputs across temperate forest
<p class="MsoNormal">Wood decomposition is regulated by multiple controls, including climate and wood traits, that vary at local to regional scales. Yet decomposition rates differ dramatically when these controls do not. Fungal community dynamics are often invoked to explain these differences, suggesting that knowledge of ecosystem properties that influence fungal communities will improve understanding and projection of wood decomposition. We hypothesize that deadwood inputs decompose faster in forests with higher stocks of downed coarse woody material (CWM) because CWM is a resource from which lignocellulolytic fungi rapidly colonize new inputs. To test this hypothesis, we measure decomposition of 1,116 pieces of fine woody material (FWM) of five species, incubated for 13 to 49 months at five locations spanning 10°-latitude in eastern U.S. forest. We place FWM pieces near and far from CWM across observational transects and experimental common gardens. Soil temperature positively affects location-level mean decomposition rates, but these among-location differences are smaller than within-location variation in decomposition. Some of this variability is caused by CWM, where FWM pieces next to CWM decompose more rapidly. These effects are greater with time of incubation and lower initial wood density of FWM. The effect size of CWM is of the same relative magnitude as for the known controls of temperature, deadwood density and diameter. Abundance data for CWM is available for many forests and hence may be an ecosystem variable amenable for inclusion in decomposition models. Our findings suggest that conservation efforts to rebuild depleted CWM stocks in temperate forests may accelerate decomposition of fresh deadwood inputs.</p>
Data for Multidimensional diversity drives stability of mammal communities with large carnivores in temperate forests
<p>R code and data for Multidimensional diversity drives stability of mammal communities with large carnivores in temperate forests</p>
Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability driven by secondary succession in temperate forests shape soil fungal communities and function
<p><span>Soil fungal community plays an important role in forest ecosystems, and forest secondary succession is a crucial driver of soil fungal community. However, the driving factors of fungal community and function during temperate forest succession and their potential impact on succession processes are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the soil fungal community in three temperate forest secondary successional stages (shrublands, coniferous forests, and deciduous broadleaf forests) using high-throughput DNA sequencing coupled with functional prediction via the FUNGuild database. We found that fungal community richness, α-diversity, and evenness decreased significantly during the succession process. Soil available phosphorus and nitrate</span> <span>nitrogen decreased significantly after initial succession occurred, and redundancy analysis showed that both were significant predictors of soil fungal community structure. Among functional groups, fungal saprotrophs as well as pathotrophs represented by plant pathogens were significantly enriched in the early-successional stage, while fungal symbiotrophs represented by ectomycorrhiza were significantly increased in the late-successional stage. The abundance of both saprotroph and pathotroph fungal guilds was positively correlated with soil nitrate</span> <span>nitrogen and available phosphorus content. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with nitrate</span> <span>nitrogen and available phosphorus content and positively correlated with ammonium</span> <span>nitrogen content.</span> <span>These results indicated that the dynamics of fungal community and function reflected the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability caused by the secondary succession of temperate forests. The fungal plant pathogen accumulated in the early-successional stage and ectomycorrhizal fungi accumulated in the late-successional stage may have a potential role in promoting forest succession. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the response of soil fungal communities to the secondary forest succession process and highlight the importance of fungal communities during temperate forest succession.</span></p>
Evaluating plant lineage losses and gains in temperate forest understories - data and scripts
<p>## Raw data and code to accompany the research entitled "Plant lineage losses and gains in temperate forest understories" by Padullés Cubino et al. (2023). In preparation.</p> <p># There are two folders with (1) "data" and (2) "scripts".</p> <p># The "data" folder contains two additional folders ("Input" and "Output") with CSV files with all the data used for analysis and produced from them. These data files are accompanied by a "metadata.xlsx" file with data descriptions.</p> <p># The "scripts" folder contains three scripts for the analyses described in the manuscript:</p> <p># H1_H4_H5_H6_forestreplot.R -> tests for hypotheses 1, 4, and 6.<br> # H2_H3_forestreplot.R -> tests for hypotheses 2 and 3.<br> # node.mean_function_forestreplot.R -> R function necessary to test H2 (load before running the code in "H2_H3_forestreplot.R".</p> <p># If anything is unclear, please contact the corresponding author for clarification (padullesj@gmail.com).</p>
Coarse woody debris accelerates the decomposition of deadwood inputs across temperate forest
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Daily variation and repeatability of advertisement calls in an austral temperate forest frog under controlled conditions
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Inundation and salinity regimes support blue carbon conditions in Australian temperate supratidal forests
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Data from: Disturbance history is a key driver of tree lifespan in temperate primary forests
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Forest composition drives bryophyte biomass, carbon and nitrogen storage in the boreal-temperate ecotone
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Aquatic-terrestrial linkages drive contrasting biodiversity patterns in tropical and temperate forests
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Dark diversity in temperate forests of northeastern China: drivers and implications
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Data from: Links between leaf morphology and ecological strategy across secondary succession in a temperate deciduous forest (North Carolina, USA): Implications for the fossil record
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Data from: The distribution of tree biomass carbon within the pacific coastal temperate rainforest, a disproportionally carbon dense forest
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Data from: Identifying environmental drivers of greenhouse gas emissions under warming and reduced rainfall in boreal-temperate forests
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Vertical stratification of leaf physical traits exerts bottom-up pressures on insect herbivory in a sugar maple temperate forest
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Data from: Diversity effects and compensatory dynamics drive productivity and stability in temperate old-growth forests
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.