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138 results for “whiptail”
FIGURE 3. Cheilonimata minuta, ANSP 162156, 39.5 in A new genus and species of whiptail armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariinae) from southern Venezuela
FIGURE 3. Cheilonimata minuta, ANSP 162156, 39.5 mm SL, paratype, detail of buccal ornamentation on mouth roof and behind premaxillaries (red arrow). Scale bar 1 mm. Photo by F. Provenzano.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and species of whiptail armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariinae) from southern Venezuela
FIGURE 2. Cheilonimata minuta, MBUCV-V-32954, 54.3 mm SL, holotype. a) Detail of ventral view to show: head contour, mouth and abdomen cover. b) Close-up of mouth, detail of lower lip cover and translucent membrane on upper lip margin (red arrows). Scale bar 2 mm. c) Photos by C. Do Nascimiento.
Parthenogenesis doubles the rate of amino acid substitution in Whiptail mitochondria
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Fig. 6 in A new species of whiptail armored catfish, genus Pseudohemiodon (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Orinoco River basin, Llanos region of Colombia and Venezuela
Fig. 6. Detail of buccal ornamentation. a. Pseudohemiodon unillano, paratype, MBUCV-V-20148, 166.9 mm SL; b. Crossoloricaria venezuelae, MBUCV-V-2175, 57.8 mm SL.
Fig. 4 in A new species of whiptail armored catfish, genus Pseudohemiodon (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Orinoco River basin, Llanos region of Colombia and Venezuela
Fig. 4. Pseudohemiodon unillano, paratype, IAvH-P 19088, 183.2 mm SL. Coloration in live specimen. Photograph by A. Ortega-Lara.
Data from: Speciation with gene flow in whiptail lizards from a Neotropical xeric biome
Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the diversification of the Caatinga biota. The riverine barrier hypothesis (RBH) claims that the São Francisco River (SFR) is a major biogeographic barrier to gene flow. The Pleistocene climatic fluctuation hypothesis (PCH) states that gene flow, geographic genetic structure, and demographic signatures on endemic Caatinga taxa were influenced by Quaternary climate fluctuation cycles. Herein we analyze genetic diversity and structure, phylogeographic history, and diversification of a widespread Caatinga lizard (Cnemidophorus ocellifer) based on large geographical sampling for multiple loci to test the predictions derived from the RBH and PCH. We inferred two well-delimited lineages (Northeast and Southwest) that have diverged along the Cerrado-Caatinga border during the Mid-Late Miocene (6–14 Ma) despite the presence of gene flow. We reject both major hypotheses proposed to explain diversification in the Caatinga. Surprisingly, our results revealed a striking complex diversification pattern where the Northeast lineage originated as a founder effect from a few individuals located along the edge of the Southwest lineage that eventually expanded throughout the Caatinga. The Southwest lineage is more diverse, older, and associated to the Cerrado-Caatinga boundaries. Finally, we suggest that C. ocellifer from the Caatinga is composed of two distinct species. Our data support speciation in the presence of gene flow and highlight the role of environmental gradients in the diversification process.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)
FIGURE 4: Dasyatis colarensis n. sp. Schematic drawing of oral papillae from the holotype.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)
FIGURE 3: Dasyatis colarensis n. sp., UERJ 2006, paratype, male, 530 DW. Dorsal view.
FIGURE 4 in Rineloricaria quilombola: a new species of whiptail catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Loricariinae) from upper and middle Tocantins River basin, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Color in life in specimens from ribeirão Taquaruçuzinho, same locality of the holotype.
Fig. 17. Habitats N in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 17. Habitats N of Steins, near the central transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 5; appendix 1), 23 August 1990. Top. Looking N (from low hill behind allelemobile in fig. 16, top) across the grassland that separates site 16 (marmoratus) and site 12 (largely punctilinealis; figs. 3, 49). Bottom. Looking NE at grassland and alkali flats, from same place as the top photograph.
Fig. 2. Site 49 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 2. Site 49 (appendix 2). Huerfano Butte (E side), Pima County, Arizona, about 43 km SSE Tucson, showing dramatic change in vegetation (desertification) in less than 70 years (based on Lowe et al., 1970a; their fig. 2). Top. About 1902, courtesy of Walter S. Phillips, University of Arizona Bottom. 16 March 1969.
FIGURE 3 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid
FIGURE 3. Electrophoretic phenotypes of 12 lizards. Left. EST-D, a dimeric enzyme. Right. PEP-B, a dimeric enzyme. For each photograph, letters below the gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 1). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype), as follows: LARA, A. laredoensis pattern class A; LARA*, variants of LARA for EST-D that were identical to all the other specimens of LARA at all other loci (e.g., PEP-B); LARA X GUL, natural hybrid of A. laredoensis × A. gularis; LARB, A. laredoensis pattern class B; GUL, A. gularis; SEX, A. sexlineatus. Anode is to the right; arrow indicates position of sample application for EST-D.
Fig. 10 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico
Fig. 10. Relationship between number of A. dixoni C and number of A. tigris punctilinealis found at each of the trap sites at which either A. dixoni or A. t. punctilinealis or both were found in Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Of 23 sites (table 6), the two with the most examples of A. dixoni (N 5 55 each) had only one individual of A. t. punctilinealis each, and the rest of the sites with dixoni, except for three, had fewer than 10 punctilinealis each.
Data from: Speciation with gene flow in whiptail lizards from a Neotropical xeric biome
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Data from: Climatic suitability, isolation by distance and river resistance explain genetic variation in a Brazilian whiptail lizard
Spatial patterns of genetic variation can help understand how environmental factors either permit or restrict gene flow and create opportunities for regional adaptations. Organisms from harsh environments such as the Brazilian semiarid Caatinga biome may reveal how severe climate conditions may affect patterns of genetic variation. Herein we combine information from mitochondrial DNA with physical and environmental features to study the association between different aspects of the Caatinga landscape and spatial genetic variation in the whiptail lizard Ameivula ocellifera. We investigated which of the climatic, environmental, geographical and/or historical components best predict: (1) the spatial distribution of genetic diversity, and (2) the genetic differentiation among populations. We found that genetic variation in A. ocellifera has been influenced mainly by temperature variability, which modulates connectivity among populations. Past climate conditions were important for shaping current genetic diversity, suggesting a time lag in genetic responses. Population structure in A. ocellifera was best explained by both isolation by distance and isolation by resistance (main rivers). Our findings indicate that both physical and climatic features are important for explaining the observed patterns of genetic variation across the xeric Caatinga biome.
Data from: Climatic suitability, isolation by distance and river resistance explain genetic variation in a Brazilian whiptail lizard
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FIGURE 1 in Loricaria luciae, a new species of whiptail catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraguay and lower Paraná River basins of southeastern South America
FIGURE 1. Abdominal plate development pattern in adult specimens. (A) Loricaria luciae, paratype, UMMZ 207830, 152.4 mm SL. (B) Typical condition in Loricaria, as exemplified by L. simillima, lectotype, BMNH 1880.12.8.77, 163.1 mm SL. Note lack of plates across pectoral girdle in L. luciae.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of whiptail armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariinae) from southern Venezuela
FIGURE 1. Cheilonimata minuta, MBUCV-V-32954, 54.3 mm SL, holotype. Lateral, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar 2 mm. Photos by C. Do Nascimiento.
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