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181 results for “woody plant”
Effects of spatial distance and woody plant cover on beta diversity point to dispersal limitation as a driver of community assembly during post-fire succession in a Mediterranean shrubland
<p><span>Beta diversity, and its components of turnover and nestedness, reflect the processes governing community assembly, such as dispersal limitation or biotic interactions, but it is unclear how they operate at the local scale and how their role changes along post-fire succession. Here, we analyzed the patterns of beta diversity and its components in a herbaceous plant community after fire, and in relation to dispersal ability, in Central Spain. We calculated multiple site beta diversity (β<sub>SOR</sub>) and its components of turnover (βSIM) and nestedness (β<sub>SNE</sub>) of all herbaceous plants, or grouped by dispersal syndrome (autochory, anemochory, zoochory), during the first three years after wildfire. We evaluated the relationship between pairwise beta diversity (β<sub>sor</sub>), and its components (β<sub>sim</sub>, β<sub>sne</sub>), and spatial distance or differences in woody plant cover, a proxy of biotic interactions. We found high multiple-site beta diversity dominated by the turnover component. Community dissimilarity increased with spatial distance, driven mostly by the turnover component. Species with less dispersal ability (i. e. autochory) showed a stronger spatial pattern of dissimilarity. Biotic interactions with woody plants contributed less to community dissimilarity, which tended to occur through the nestedness component. These results suggest that dispersal limitation prevails over biotic interactions with woody plants as a driver of local community assembly, even for species with high dispersal ability. These results contribute to our understanding of post-fire community assembly and vegetation dynamics.</span></p>
FIGURES 1–5 in Woody plant communities of southern South Africa and new distribution records for the rare dung beetle species Sarophorus punctatus Frolov & Scholtz, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 1–5. Sarophorus punctatus Frolov & Scholtz, 2003 (TMSA). 1, male, dorsal view; 2, female, dorsal view; 3, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views; 4, specimen labels; 5, distribution of S. punctatus (yellow circles; circle with black point indicates type locality - "Keurboomstrand").
Data from: Commonness, rarity and oligarchies of woody plants in the tropical dry forests of Mexico
We assessed woody plant communities in two widely separated forests in the tropical dry forest (TDF) biome of Mexico for evidence of similar patterns of species commonness and rarity. We used belt transects laid out along contour lines (i.e., constant elevation) and stratified across elevation gradients at sites in Jalisco and Oaxaca to sample woody plant species diversity, abundance, relative frequency and basal area. We assembled a combined species list and compared species found in both sites (shared) to species found in only one site, assessing whether the most and least common species at a site tended to be shared or unshared. Of the 8242 individuals sampled, 370 species or morpho-species were identified, with 222 species recorded at the Jalisco site and 270 at the Oaxaca site—122 (33%) species were shared across sites. Abundance, frequency and basal area of shared species were greater on average than for unshared species, and were positively correlated across sites. A subset of 68 shared species (18%) accounted for over half of all individuals encountered at the two sites. Species in the most common quartile were more likely to be shared than expected by chance, while species in the least common quartile were less likely. A genus-level analysis found similar patterns. Our findings suggest that the TDF of Pacific coast Mexico shows evidence of widespread dominance by a small subset of species. These findings have potentially important implications for predicting species composition, understanding the role of oligarchic species in ecological processes, and conserving rare species.
Woody plant subregions of the Amazon forest
<ol> <li>The Amazon forest covers 7.5 million Km<sup>2</sup> in nine countries, hosts 25% of the global biodiversity and is a major contributor to the biogeochemical and climatic functioning of the Earth system. Despite its global importance, a regionalization of the Amazon tree flora is still lacking. Clear and data-driven delimitation of subregions is important for macroecological studies, to the identification of metacommunities, and is a requisite for conservation planning.</li> <li>We aimed at identifying and mapping plant species subregions and investigated their relationships with environmental, historical, and human correlates. We provide the first woody plant regionalization of the entire Amazon forest using a data-driven approach based on assemblage composition patterns.</li> <li>We compiled data on woody species composition from 301 assemblages based on species occurrences. We then used unconstrained ordination, interpolation and clustering techniques to identify and map discrete woody subregions. Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted in order to investigate the relationships between the identified subregions. We used multinomial logistic regression model and deviance partitioning to investigate the influence of environmental, historical, and human factors on subregions distribution.</li> <li>We identified 13 woody subregions in the entire Amazon forest. The hierarchical subregion classification showed a broad Andean-Cratonic east-west division. Variation in subregions were explained jointly by human factors and spatial structure followed by environmental factors and spatial structure combined.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis.</i> Our woody plant subregions differed from WWF ecoregions and physiognomic-based maps, highlighting the importance of basing regionalizations on taxon-specific groups and confirming that vegetation maps should not be used as proxies to plant diversity subregions. Our findings also confirm the need for multiple and extensive protected areas in the Amazon forest. The relevance of current climate factors in our study alerts to a profound impact that climate change could have on the spatial organization of the Amazon flora. </li> </ol>
Preserving the woody plant tree of life in China under future climate and land-cover changes
<p><span>The tree of life (TOL) is severely threatened by climate and land-cover changes. Preserving the TOL is urgent, but has not been included in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Protected areas (PAs) are fundamental for biological conservation. However, we know little about the effectiveness of existing PAs in preserving the TOL of plants and how to prioritize PA expansion for better TOL preservation under future climate and land-cover changes. Here, using high-resolution distribution maps of 8732 woody species in China and phylogeny-based Zonation, we find that current PAs perform poorly in preserving the TOL </span><span>both at the present and in the 2070s</span><span>. The geographical coverage of TOL branches by current PAs is ca. 9%, and < 3% of the identified priority areas for preserving the TOL are currently protected. Interestingly, the geographical coverage of TOL branches by PAs will be improved from 9% to 52–79% by the identified priority areas for PA expansion. Human pressures in the identified priority areas are high, leading to high costs for future PA expansion. We thus suggest that besides nature reserves and national parks, other effective area-based conservation measures should be considered. Our study argues for the inclusion of preserving the TOL in the post-2020 conservation framework and provides references for decision-makers </span><span>to preserve the Earth's evolutionary history.</span></p>
Aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for wilting, stomatal closure, and embolism in woody plants
<p>The dataset of the paper "Aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for wilting, stomatal closure, and embolism in woody plants"</p>
High-intensity fires may have limited medium-term effectiveness for reversing woody plant encroachment in an African savanna
<p>1. Woody thickening or "bush encroachment" is a growing concern in savannas worldwide and can reportedly be reversed by applying high-intensity fires. Preliminary findings following experimental fires in 2010 and 2013 indicated that woody plant cover declined one year after high-intensity fires, but increased after low-intensity fires. However, the longer-term outcomes of high-intensity fires are largely unknown.</p> <p>2. To establish longer-term outcomes, we re-assessed sites subjected to Low, Medium and High-intensity fire treatments 10 years after the initial experimental fires. We compared woody vegetation structure in 2010 with that in 2020 using both ground surveys and airborne LiDAR.</p> <p>3. Ground surveys revealed increases in the number of stems and individual shrubs (< 10 m tall) over 10 years, and decreases in shrub height, with no significant differences between treatments. Large trees (≥ 10 m) declined by about 65% in number due to ongoing high mortality across treatments over 10 years.</p> <p>4. LiDAR surveys revealed significant but very small differences in woody plant height and cover between treatments after 10 years. Median height was around 2 m in all treatments, and 90<sup>th</sup> percentile tree height was moderately taller in the Low fire treatment. Mean canopy cover was about 55% in all treatments. The treatments, therefore, did not result in a meaningful reversal of woody encroachment with no discernible difference between the treatment sites after 10 years.</p> <p>5. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. The application of high-intensity fires did not reverse woody encroachment in the longer term. In addition, the application of such treatments would be impractical at a large scale. Within a framework of Strategic Adaptive Management, the next logical step would be to attempt a different approach. In this case, it is intended to use early or late wet season burns to increase the mortality of shrubs when they are in a more vulnerable phenological state. This study illustrates the importance of ongoing long-term monitoring, review and adaptation for finding practical ways to achieve desired ecological outcomes.</p>
Spenders versus savers: climate-induced carbon allocation tradeoffs in a recently introduced woody plant
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Data from: Impacts of landscape composition, marginality of distribution, soil fertility, and climatic stability on the patterns of woody plant endemism in the Cerrado
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Savanna woody plants responses to mammalian herbivory and implications for management of livestock-wildlife landscape
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Data from: Fire-sensitive species dominate seed rain in a long unburned Cerrado: implications for plant community diversity and woody encroachment in savannas
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Data from: Plant host and soil origin influence fungal and bacterial assemblages in the roots of woody plants
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Disentangling biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific trait variation in woody plant seedlings at forest edges
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Data from: Effect of plant root symbionts on performance of native woody species in competition with an invasive grass in multispecies microcosms
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Data from: Global patterns of insect herbivory in gap and understorey environments, and their implications for woody plant carbon storage
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Data from: Environmental predictors of woody plant encroachment in calcareous fens are modified by biotic and abiotic land-use legacies
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Uncovering structural features that underlie coexistence in an invaded woody plant community with interaction networks at multiple life stages
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Effects of spatial distance and woody plant cover on beta diversity point to dispersal limitation as a driver of community assembly during post-fire succession in a Mediterranean shrubland
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Data from: Effects of removing woody cover on long‐term population dynamics of a rare annual plant (Agalinis auriculata): a study comparing remnant prairie and oldfield habitats
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Data from: Spotting the pests of tomorrow - Sampling designs for detection of species associations with woody plants
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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