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Fluxes project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Random lake survey 2004
The overarching goal of this project is to understand carbon and nutrient cycles for a landscape on which terrestrial and freshwater systems are intimately connected in multiple and reciprocal ways. In the Northern Highlands region of Wisconsin, they are studying a spatially complex landscape in which water features make up almost half of the land area, with wetlands (27% of land surface) and lakes (13%) both prevalent throughout the region, interspersed in upland forests. Weather and limnological data from a set of 170 lakes in the NHLD samples summer 2004. The sampled lakes were from a random stratified subsample (N=300 of 7588 total) of all the lakes in the NHLD.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER cross-lakes comparison carbon Data 1988 - 2007
Data on dissolved organic and inorganic carbon as well as particulate organic matter and the partial pressure of CO2. Samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle. Organic samples were collected from the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. Inorganic samples were collected at depths corresponding to 100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, and 1% of surface irradiance, as well as one sample from the hypolimnion. Samples for the partial pressure of CO2 were collected from two meters above the lake surface (air) and just below the lake surface (water).
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Macrophyte Richness - Trout Lake 1993 - current
These data are collected to document and characterize the submersed macrophytes of Trout Lake, to evaluate the long-term stability of this component, and to interface with investigations of other compartments of the ecosystem. Four sites along the shoreline of Trout Lake have been sampled annually in August along permanent line transects. These data are quadrat level data. This dataset includes a row for every quadrat sampled. The RICHNESS field contains the number of species present (set to zero if the quadrat was empty). If a row is missing, that quadrat was not sampled Sampling Frequency: annually during summer Number of sites: 4
Lake Mendota at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Snow and Ice Depth 2009-2010
Ice core data collected by Yi-Fang (Yvonne) Hsieh and collaborators for her PhD project, “Modeling Ice Cover and Water Temperature of Lake Mendota.” Part of the project was the development of a 3D hydrodynamic-ice model that simulated both temporal and spatial distributions of ice cover on Lake Mendota for the winter 2009-2010. The parameters from these ice core data were used as model inputs to run model simulations. Parameters measured include: blue ice, white ice, snow depth, and total ice. On February 13, 2009, ice cores were taken on Lake Mendota at four different stations. From January 14, 2010 through March 3, 2010 ice cores were taken on Lake Mendota at 31 different stations. In addition, ice cores were taken on other Yahara Lakes during February of 2009: Lake Kegonsa (4 stations_February 6), Lake Waubesa (4 stations_February 7), Lake Wingra (2 stations_February 8), and Lake Monona (4 stations_February 8). Only total ice measurements are reported for 2009. Included in this data set are the ice core data, and geospatial information for ice coring stations. Documentation: Hsieh, Y.-F., 2012a. Modeling ice cover and water temperature of Lake Mendota. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States -- Wisconsin, p. 157.
Fluxes project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Spatial Metabolism Study 2007
Data from a lake spatial metabolism study by Matthew C. Van de Bogert for his Phd project, "Aquatic ecosystem carbon cycling: From individual lakes to the landscape." The goal of this study was to capture the spatial heterogeneity of within-lake processes in effort to make robust estimates of daily metabolism metrics such as gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP). In pursuing this goal, multiple sondes were placed at different locations and depths within two stratified Northern Temperate Lakes, Sparkling Lake (n=35 sondes) and Peter Lake (n=27 sondes), located in the Northern Highlands Lake District of Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, respectively.Dissolved oxygen and temperature measurements were made every 10 minutes over a 10 day period for each lake in July and August of 2007. Dissolved oxygen measurements were corrected for drift. In addition, conductivity, temperature compensated specific conductivity, pH, and oxidation reduction potential were measured by a subset of sondes in each lake. Two data tables list the spatial information regarding sonde placement in each lake, and a single data table lists information about the sondes (manufacturer, model, serial number etc.). Documentation:Van de Bogert, M.C., 2011. Aquatic ecosystem carbon cycling: From individual lakes to the landscape. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States -- Wisconsin, p. 156. Also see Van de Bogert, M.C., Bade, D.L., Carpenter, S.R., Cole, J.J., Pace, M.L., Hanson, P.C., Langman, O.C., 2012. Spatial heterogeneity strongly affects estimates of ecosystem metabolism in two north temperate lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 57, 1689-1700.
Fluxes project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Hydrology Scenarios Model Output
A spatially-explicit simulation model of hydrologic flow-paths was developed by Matthew C. Van de Bogert and collaborators for his PhD project, " Aquatic ecosystem carbon cycling: From individual lakes to the landscape." The model is coupled with an in-lake carbon model and simulates hydrologic flow paths in groundwater, wetlands, lakes, uplands, and streams. The goal of this modeling effort was to compare aquatic carbon cycling in two climate scenarios for the North Highlands Lake District (NHLD) of northern Wisconsin: one based on the current climate and the other based on a scenario with warmer winters where lakes and uplands do not freeze, hereinafter referred to as the "no freeze" scenario. In modeling this "no freeze" scenario the same precipitation and temperature data as the current climate model was used, however temperature inputs were artificially floored at 0 degrees Celsius. While not discussed in his dissertation, Van de Bogert considered two other climate scenarios each using the same precipitation and temperature data as the current climate scenario. These scenarios involved running the model after artificially raising and lowering the current temperature data by 10 degrees Celsius. Thus, four scenarios were considered in this modeling effort, the current climate scenario, the "no freeze" scenario, the +10 degrees scenario, and the -10 degrees scenario. These data are the outputs of the model under the different scenarios and include average monthly temperature, average monthly rainfall, average monthly snowfall, total monthly precipitation, daily evapotranspiration, daily surface runoff, daily groundwater recharge, and daily total runoff. Note that the results of how temperature inputs influence aquatic carbon cycling under these different scenarios is not included in this data set, refer to Van de Bogert (2011) for this information.Documentation: Van de Bogert, M.C., 2011. Aquatic ecosystem carbon cycling: From individual lakes to the landscape. Pr
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Bathymetry
This data set represents the bathymetry of the seven NTL-LTER primary study lakes in the Northern Highland Lake District (aka Trout Lake Region). Bathymetry is encoded as vector contours with a varying contour interval depending on the depth of the lake.
WSC 2006: Spatial interactions among ecosystem services in the Yahara Watershed
Understanding spatial distributions, synergies and tradeoffs of multiple ecosystem services (benefits people derive from ecosystems) remains challenging. We analyzed the supply of 10 ecosystem services for 2006 across a large urbanizing agricultural watershed in the Upper Midwest of the United States, and asked: (i) Where are areas of high and low supply of individual ecosystem services, and are these areas spatially concordant across services? (ii) Where on the landscape are the strongest tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services located? (iii) For ecosystem service pairs that experience tradeoffs, what distinguishes locations that are win win exceptions from other locations? Spatial patterns of high supply for multiple ecosystem services often were not coincident locations where six or more services were produced at high levels (upper 20th percentile) occupied only 3.3 percent of the landscape. Most relationships among ecosystem services were synergies, but tradeoffs occurred between crop production and water quality. Ecosystem services related to water quality and quantity separated into three different groups, indicating that management to sustain freshwater services along with other ecosystem services will not be simple. Despite overall tradeoffs between crop production and water quality, some locations were positive for both, suggesting that tradeoffs are not inevitable everywhere and might be ameliorated in some locations. Overall, we found that different areas of the landscape supplied different suites of ecosystem services, and their lack of spatial concordance suggests the importance of managing over large areas to sustain multiple ecosystem services. Documentation: Refer to the supporting information of the follwing paper for full details on data sources, methods and accuracy assessment: Qiu, Jiangxiao, and Monica G. Turner. "Spatial interactions among ecosystem services in an urbanizing agricultural watershed." Proceedings of the National Academy
Historical Plat Maps of Dane County Digitized and Converted to GIS (1962-2005)
We constructed a time-series spatial dataset of parcel boundaries for the period 1962-2005, in roughly 4-year intervals, by digitizing historical plat maps for Dane County and combining them with the 2005 GIS digital parcel dataset. The resulting datasets enable the consistent tracking of subdivision and development for all parcels over a given time frame. The process involved 1) dissolving and merging the 2005 digital Dane County parcel dataset based on contiguity and name, 2) further merging 2005 parcels based on the hard copy 2005 Plat book, and then 3) the reverse chronological merging of parcels to reconstruct previous years, at 4-year intervals, based on historical plat books. Additional land use information such as 1) whether a structure was actually constructed (using the companion digitized aerial photo dataset), 2) cover crop, and 3) permeable surface area, can be added to these datasets at a later date.
Microbial Observatory at North Temperate Lakes LTER Time series of bacterial community dynamics in Lake Mendota 2000 - 2009
With an unprecedented decade-long time series from a temperate eutrophic lake, we analyzed bacterial and environmental co-occurrence networks to gain insight into seasonal dynamics at the community level. We found that (1) bacterial co-occurrence networks were non-random, (2) season explained the network complexity and (3) co-occurrence network complexity was negatively correlated with the underlying community diversity across different seasons. Network complexity was not related to the variance of associated environmental factors. Temperature and productivity may drive changes in diversity across seasons in temperate aquatic systems, much as they control diversity across latitude. While the implications of bacterioplankton network structure on ecosystem function are still largely unknown, network analysis, in conjunction with traditional multivariate techniques, continues to increase our understanding of bacterioplankton temporal dynamics.
Microbial Observatory at North Temperate Lakes LTER Spatial and temporal cyanobacterial population dynamics in Lake Mendota 2009 - 2011
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms threaten freshwaters worldwide but have proven difficult to predict because the mechanisms of bloom formation and toxin production are unknown, especially on weekly time scales. Water quality management continues to focus on aggregated metrics, such as chlorophyll and total nutrients, which may not be sufficient to explain complex community changes and functions such as toxin production. For example, nitrogen (N) speciation and cycling play an important role, on daily time scales, in shaping cyanobacterial communities because declining N has been shown to select for N fixers. In addition, subsequent N pulses from N2 fixation may stimulate and sustain toxic cyanobacterial growth. Herein, we describe how rapid early summer declines in N followed by bursts of N fixation have shaped cyanobacterial communities in a eutrophic lake (Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA), possibly driving toxic Microcystis blooms throughout the growing season. On weekly time scales in 2010 and *2011, we monitored the cyanobacterial community in a eutrophic lake using the phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) region to determine population dynamics. In parallel, we measured microcystin concentrations, N2 fixation rates, and potential environmental drivers that contribute to structuring the community.
Upper Midwest Great Lakes Region Citizen Secchi Data 1938 - 2012
Upper MidwestorGreat Lakes Region Citiizen Secchi Data includes 239,741 citizen Secchi monitoring records (1938 – 2012) from Illinois Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, Indiana Clean Lakes Program, Iowa Secchi Dip-In Project, Michigan Clean Water Corps, Lakes of Missouri Volunteer Program, Minnesota Citizen Lake Monitoring Program, Ohio Citizen Lake Awareness Program, and Wisconsin Citizen Lake Monitoring Records. Data were obtained from above monitoring groups and merged with the high resolution National Hydrography Dataset (www.nhd.usgs.gov) based on citizen proved latitudeorlongitude coordinates to verify the location of individual lakes and size of lake (hectare). Code used to estimate annual average Secchi depth (m) provided in metadata. These citizen-collected, publically available Secchi depth measurements were collected to answer two questions: (1) what are the long-term trends in lake water quality across a broad geographic region?; (2) how do trends differ as a function of spatial location, size of lake monitored, and when Secchi records were collected. Data collection and analysis were funded by the National Science Foundation (MSB- 1065786, EF-1065818, EF-1065649), NTL-LTER (DEB-0822700), STRIVE grant 2011-W-FS-7 from the Environmental Protection Agency. GLERL contribution number (1703).
Greenhouse gas emissions from streams at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2012
Aquatic ecosystems can be important components of landscape carbon budgets. In lake-rich landscapes, streams may be important sources of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) to the atmosphere in addition to lakes, but their source strength is poorly documented. The processes which control gas concentrations and emissions in these interconnected landscapes of lakes, streams and groundwater have not been adequately addressed. In this paper we use multiple datasets that vary in their spatial and temporal extent to investigate the carbon gas source strength of streams in a lake-rich landscape and to determine the roles of lakes and groundwater. We show that streams emit roughly the same mass of CO2 as regional lakes, and that stream CH4 emissions are an important component of the regional greenhouse gas balance.
Ebullitive methane emissions from oxygenated wetland streams at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2013
Stream and river carbon dioxide emissions are an important component of the global carbon cycle. Methane emissions from streams could also contribute to regional or global greenhouse gas cycling, but there are relatively few data regarding stream and river methane emissions. Furthermore, the available data do not typically include the ebullitive (bubble-mediated) pathway, instead focusing on emission of dissolved methane by diffusion or convection. Here, we show the importance of ebullitive methane emissions from small streams in the regional greenhouse gas balance of a lake and wetland-dominated landscape in temperate North America and identify the origin of the methane emitted from these well-oxygenated streams. Stream methane flux densities from this landscape tended to exceed those of nearby wetland diffusive fluxes as well as average global wetland ebullitive fluxes. Total stream ebullitive methane flux at the regional scale (103 Mg C yr-1; over 6400 km2) was of the same magnitude as diffusive methane flux previously documented at the same scale. Organic-rich stream sediments had the highest rates of bubble release and higher enrichment of methane in bubbles, but glacial sand sediments also exhibited high bubble emissions relative to other studied environments. Our results from a database of groundwater chemistry support the hypothesis that methane in bubbles is produced in anoxic near-stream sediment porewaters, and not in deeper, oxygenated groundwaters. Methane interacts with other key elemental cycles such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which has implications for ecosystem changes such as drought and increased nutrient loading. Our results support the contention that streams, particularly those draining wetland landscapes of the northern hemisphere, are an important component of the global methane cycle.
LTREB: Lake Myvatn Predation experiments at Myvatn, Iceland during 2009 and 2011
Changes in one prey species' density can indirectly affect the abundance of another prey species if a shared predator eats both species leading to positive or negative indirect effects. In some cases, indirect effects may occur when prey move into a habitat, such as when riparian predator populations grow in response to adult aquatic insects and increase predation on terrestrial prey. However, predators could instead switch to aquatic insects or become satiated, reducing predation on terrestrial prey. To determine the net indirect effect of aquatic insects on terrestrial arthropods via generalist spider predators, we conducted a field experiment using enclosures on the shoreline of an Icelandic lake with numerous aquatic midges. Midge abundance and wolf spider density were altered to mimic midge influx and a wolf spider numerical response. At all predator densities, the presence of midges decreased rates of predation on terrestrial prey. When midges were absent, predation was 30percent greater at high spider density. But when midges were present, predation of sentinel prey was equal across spider densities, negating the influence of increased predator density. In lab mesocosms, prey survivorship increased greater or equal 50percent where midges were present and rapidly saturated; the addition of 5, 20, 50 and 100 midges equivalently reduced spider predation, supporting predator distraction rather than satiation as the root cause. Our results demonstrate a strong positive indirect effect of midges, and broadly support the concept that predator responses to alternative prey are a major influence on the magnitude and direction of predator-mediated indirect effects.
Schoolyard ecology at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Dragonfly Species Presence at Stormwater Retention Ponds in July of 2014
This study aims to integrate scientific observations with community involvement, specifically with dragonfly species. The presence and absence of 17 dragonfly species was observed at Stormwater Retention ponds in the Madison area in July of 2014 and made into frequency distributions. This research will continue with community outreach in the area to further involve and educate the community on the biodiversity of their local ponds.
WSC - Hourly meteorological data for Wibu field site, 2012-2013
Hourly measurements of incoming shortwave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed for the Wibu field site. This is a site-specific synthesis of local monitoring equipment and the Arlington Automated Weather Observing Network station operated by UW Extension
LAGOS - Predicted and observed maximum depth values for lakes in a 17-state region of the U.S.
This dataset includes predicted and observed values of maximum depth for lakes in the upper Midwest and northeast United States. All observed values came from LAGOS ver 1.040.0 (LAke multi-scaled GeOSpatial and temporal database), an integrated database of lake ecosystems (Soranno et al. 2015). LAGOS contains a complete census of lakes great than or equal to 4 ha with corresponding geospatial information for a 17-state region of the U.S., and a subset of the lakes has observational data on morphometry and chemistry. Approximately 40 different sources of data were compiled for this dataset and were mostly generated by government agencies (state, federal, tribal) and universities. Here, observed maximum depth values (n = 8164) were used to train and validate a predictive mixed effects model for lake depth using terrestrial and lake morphology as predictors (Oliver et al., submitted). Predicted values (n = 50 607) generated by the model had a root mean squared error of 7.1 m. This research was supported by the NSF Macrosystem Biology awards 1065786, 1065818, and 1065649.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Yahara Lakes District Lake Watersheds
This zip archive contains six separate shapefiles. One each for the lake watersheds of Mendota, Monona, and Wingra basins. Yahara_Basin: This polygon shapefile is the full Yahara River watershed delineated using LIDAR elevation data for Dane County and a 10m DEM from the USGS for Columbia and Rock counties. In addition, sewersheds from the city of Madison and a field-checked basin map from Dane Co LWRCD was used. Yahara_subBasins: This is the same as Yahara_Basin except with all of the major sub-basins delineated as well. Yahara_intBasins: This polygon shapefile consists of the internally-drained basins in the Yahara Basin. These were determined using the same elevation sources as in Yahara Basin. [These areas do not have a natural outlet (except during very large flood events...e.g., some overflowed in 2008)]
Satellite derived secchi disk depth and other lake and landscape characteristics in Wisconsin, USA, 1991 - 2012
This data supports the following publication: Rose, K.C., S.R. Greb, M. Diebel, and M.G. Turner. Annual precipitation as a regulator of spatial and temporal drivers of lake water clarity. Ecological Applications. The data uses satellite remotely sensed estimates of Secchi disk depth (Landsat imagery), landscape features, and lake characteristics to understand how and why lakes vary and respond to different drivers through time and space. The data were produced by the authors and their collaborators, as acknowledged in the manuscript. The Secchi disk depth data span the time period 1991-2012.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.