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Figure 1 from: de Winter AJ, de Gier W (2019) A new Nigerian hunter snail species related to Ennea serrata d'Ailly, 1896 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Streptaxidae) with notes on the West African species attributed to Parennea Pilsbry, 1919. ZooKeys 840: 21-34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.33878
Figure 1 Different views of holotype shells of Enneaserrata d'Ailly, 1896 (A–FSMNH Type-956) and E.nigeriensis sp. n. (G–KRMNH.MOL.341194). Scale bar: 2 mm.
FIGURES 16–17 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus
FIGURES 16–17. Leuctra simplex, habitus, male, dorsal. 16. Adult. 17. Larva.
FIGURE 1. Capnia s.l in A new winter stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Shaanxi Province of China
FIGURE 1. Capnia s.l. bilobata sp. nov., A. Live male habitus; B. Live Female habitus.
Winter 2018 Workshops
<p>Trailer for UCLA Library's launch of Research Workshops. </p>
Figure 1 in Soil fauna contribution to winter decomposition in subalpine grasslands
Figure 1. Litter mass loss in small mesh (white bars) and large mesh (grey bars) litterbags, after winter decomposition in the pots and in the field, averaging for litter type. The results of the 2 pairwise tests are shown for each location (ns: p = 0.70, ***: p <0.001). The thick line corresponds to the median, the box to the first and third quartiles, the whiskers to the minimum and maximum values, and points to outliers.
Fig. 1 in The Distribution of Soil Testate Amoebae under Winter Snow Cover at the Plot-scale Level in Arctic Tundra (Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island, West Greenland)
Fig. 1. The map of soil sampling (57 samples) for the study on distribution of soil testate amoebae within an 8 × 15 m plot located in an arctic tundra on Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island (West Greenland).
Fig. 3 in The Distribution of Soil Testate Amoebae under Winter Snow Cover at the Plot-scale Level in Arctic Tundra (Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island, West Greenland)
Fig. 3. Maps of the univariate characteristics of the soil testate amoeba assemblage (A – log (total concentration, × 103 empty shells g–1 of e dry soil weight); B – species number (taxa sample–1); C – Shannon-Wiener's diversity index; D – Pielou's evenness index) plotted against their spatial coordinates at 57 sampling locations within an 8 × 15 m plot in an arctic tundra in Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island (West Greenland). All data are centred on 0, so square sizes are proportional to the deviations from the mean values at the plot. Open symbols are used for negative values and the filled symbols are used for positive values. Spatial patterns are visualised as aggregations of similar size and colour.
Figure 2 in Selective predation on common voles by Tawny Owls and Long-eared Owls in winter and spring
Figure 2. Distribution of the body mass of Microtus arvalis individuals, preyed upon by Strix aluco and Asio otus in winter and spring 2004–2005, as estimated from mandibles: A) in the winter-spring diet of Asio otus; B) in the winter diet of Strix aluco; C) in the spring diet of Strix aluco.
Figure 2 in Unusual winter zooplankton bloom in the open southern Adriatic Sea
Figure 2. Maps of Chl concentrations (mg m–3) retrieved from MODIS Aqua17: February 2015; 18 February 2015; 19 February 2015; 20 February 2015; 03 March 2015; 06 March 2015.
Figure 3 in Diurnal time-activity budget and foraging techniques of red-crested pochards (Netta rufina) wintering at the wetlands of West Bengal, India
Figure 3. Month-wise and time-wise proportional time budget of the RCPs. Values are given in percentages of the time spent in the diurnal activities (mean value ± SD; n = 32; 96-h observation).
Figures 1–3 in A new species of the winter stonefly genus Capniella Klapálek, 1920 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Korea
Figures 1–3. Male somatic characters of Capniella gibba sp. n. — 1: abdominal sclerites; 2: habitus, dorsal view; 3: forewing — scales 1 mm, Fig. 1 is not to scale.
FIGURES 4–5 in A new species of the winter stonefly genus Capniella Klapálek, 1920 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Korea
FIGURES 4–5. Male terminalia of Capniella gibba sp. n. — 4: lateral view; 5: dorsal view — scale 0.5 mm, only tergal processes and epiproct are shaded.
IMPORTANT FACTORS IN IMPROVING WINTER WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY
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Linked collectors and determiners for: New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/fb9d499d-fe53-4f29-b670-2b2bb67d6412">https://bionomia.net/dataset/fb9d499d-fe53-4f29-b670-2b2bb67d6412</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/fb9d499d-fe53-4f29-b670-2b2bb67d6412">https://gbif.org/dataset/fb9d499d-fe53-4f29-b670-2b2bb67d6412</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Larvae Of Five Species Of The Winter Stonefly Genus Capnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) From California, U. S. A..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Larvae Of Five Species Of The Winter Stonefly Genus Capnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) From California, U. S. A.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a69800a0-bc3f-49fe-a5e0-441d0b142e53">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a69800a0-bc3f-49fe-a5e0-441d0b142e53</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a69800a0-bc3f-49fe-a5e0-441d0b142e53">https://gbif.org/dataset/a69800a0-bc3f-49fe-a5e0-441d0b142e53</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Influences of the Pacific Meridional Mode and Marine Heatwave on North American Precipitation during the 2023-24 El Niño Winter
<p><span>The codes used for analyzing the data and generating all figures in this study</span></p>
Winter damage is more important than summer temperature for maintaining the krummholz growth form above alpine treeline
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. Understanding the processes that control alpine treelines, the elevational limits of tree growth forms, has been a central question in ecology and is growing in importance with concern over climate change. Cool summer air temperatures are currently thought to be the ultimate limiter of upright tree growth at alpine treelines globally. However, winter damage has long been recognized as a shaping force near alpine treelines. Low-growing krummholz growth forms provide an opportunity to test hypotheses about the controls of upright growth in environments above current treelines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. To distinguish between effects of growing season temperature, winter damage and their interaction on preventing upright growth in krummholz, we conducted a field experiment on krummholz growth forms of <i>Pinus albicaulis </i>over the summer and winter of 2015-2016 at 10 mountain top sites in the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA. We experimentally manipulated four factors using a fully crossed design: shoot position (natural low position in the krummholz mat vs. propped up above the krummholz mat), summer warming (warming chamber vs. ambient), winter exposure (shelter cage vs. exposed), and elevation position (local high vs. low krummholz limits). We also conducted an observational study of the climatic conditions associated with recent natural emergent stem establishment from krummholz. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. Experimentally propped shoots that were exposed in winter experienced the highest mortality (10-50%), while propped shoots in shelter cages and shoots located within the krummholz mat, whether caged or not, had low mortality (0-10%). Summer warming had little influence on shoot mortality. Surviving mat shoots had marginally higher growth rates than surviving propped shoots during the early growing season after treatments were established. Natural emergent stem establishment was associated with warmer than average summer temperatures, but also warmer winter temperatures, lower winter wind speeds, and lower snowpack.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. <i>Synthesis</i>. Our results suggest winter damage plays a more important role than does growing season temperature in maintaining the krummholz growth form. While warming may increase opportunities for emergent shoot establishment above krummholz mats, establishment of upright trees in the krummholz zone will also require climatic change that reduces wind and snow transport which cause winter damage.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway
<p>Wind farms offer a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels and can mitigate their negative effects on climate change. However, wind farms may have negative impacts on birds. The East China Coast forms a key part of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and it is a crucial region for wind energy development in China. However, despite ducks being the dominant animal taxon along the East China Coast in winter and considered as particularly vulnerable to the effects of wind farms, the potential negative impacts of wind farms on duck populations remain unclear. We therefore assessed the effects of wind farms on duck abundance, distribution, and habitat use at Chongming Dongtan, which is a major wintering site for ducks along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, using field surveys and satellite tracking. We conducted seven paired field surveys of ducks inside (IWF) and outside wind farm (OWF) sites in artificial brackish marsh, paddy fields, and aquaculture ponds. Duck abundance was significantly higher in OWF compared with IWF sites, and significantly higher in artificial brackish marsh than in aquaculture ponds and paddy fields. Based on 1,918 high-resolution satellite tracking records, the main habitat types of ducks during the day and at night were artificial brackish marsh and paddy fields, respectively. Furthermore, grid-based analysis showed overlaps between ducks and wind farms, with greater overlap at night than during the day. According to resource selection functions, habitat use by wintering ducks was impacted by distance to water, land cover, human activity, and wind-farm effects, and the variables predicted to have significant impacts on duck habitat use differed between day and night. Our study suggests that wintering ducks tend to avoid wind turbines at Chongming Dongtan, and landscape of paddy fields and artificial wetlands adjoining natural wetlands is crucial for wintering ducks</p>
FIGURE 10. Adult habitus. a. Capnia s.l. yunnana Li in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China
FIGURE 10. Adult habitus. a. Capnia s.l. yunnana Li & Yang (male). b. Capnia s.l. sp. (female).
Loss of branches due to winter storms could favor deciduousness in oaks
<p>Premise of the study. Ecologists have an incomplete understanding of the factors that select for deciduous, evergreen, and marcescent leaf habits. Evergreens have more opportunities for photosynthesis but may experience costs when abiotic conditions are unfavorable such as during ice and windstorms.</p> <p>Methods. We documented branch loss for species of oaks (<i>Quercus</i> spp) in a common garden in California during an unusual windstorm.</p> <p>Key Results. Branches of marcescent trees were more likely to break during the storm and this pattern had a negligible phylogenetic signature. Branches of evergreen and marcescent species were mostly alive prior to breaking, which likely accrued a fitness cost, while those of deciduous species were mostly already dead. One explanation for the overrepresentation of broken branches from marcescent species is that their petioles are inflexible and have greater wind loading compared to the flexible petioles of evergreen leaves and the leafless condition of deciduous branches.</p> <p>Conclusions. These results suggest that branch loss during unusual winter storms may be an important cost of a marcescent leaf habit.</p>
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