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FIG. 43 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 43 (continuation). — Anterodorsomedial view of the left endocranial aspect of the left auditory region of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372): C, schematic diagram with captions. Abbreviations: bcf, basicochlear fissure; cp, crista petrosa; cpevs, sulcus for the capsuloparietal emissary vein; dos, dorsum sellae; FAI, foramen acusticum inferius; eava, external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct; FAS, foramen acusticum superius; fn, canal for the facial nerve; fo, foramen ovale; fsg, foramen singulare for inferior vestibular nerve bundles; hf, hypoglossal foramen; hyf, hypophyseal fossa; icf, internal carotid foramen; iors, intracranial opening of the canal for the ramus superior of the stapedial artery; ju, jugular foramen; mtf, median temporal foramen; ots, orbitotemporal sulcus; pfc, prefacial commissure; pmcf, foramen for the petromastoid canal; pyf, pyriform fenestra; saf, subarcuate fossa; spss, sulcus for the superior petrosal sinus; sss, sulcus for the sigmoid sinus; svn, tractus for the passage of the superior branch of the vestibular nerve; tsf, tractus spiralis foraminosus (canal and cribriform tract for cochlear nerve) valp, vestigial anterior lamina of the petrosal.
FIG. 38 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 38. — Left auditory region of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8399) in ventralmedial view showing the foramen for the ramus superior of the stapedial artery: A, stereophotographs; B, pencil drawing (cracks and breakages of the specimen have been omitted). Scale bar: 1 cm. A 3D photographic pdf file is available at the address http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/37/4/alcidedorbignya-inopinata-additional-files.
FIG. 35 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 35. — Ventrolateral view of the left side of the skull of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372) showing the undetermined foramen discussed in text. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 19 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 19. — Ventral view of the palate of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372): A, stereophotograph; B, schematic drawing with bone sutures on photo; C, schematic drawing with captions. Abbreviations: apf, accessory palatine foramina; mpf, major palatine foramen; mpn, minor palatine notch; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; Pl, palatine; pleif, posterolateral edge of the incisive foramen; Pmx, premaxilla; pps, postpalatine spine, ppt postpalatine torus. Scale bar: 2 cm.
FIG. 43 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 43. — Anterodorsomedial view of the left endocranial aspect of the left auditory region of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372): A, photograph; B, drawing. Scale bar: A, 5 mm.
FIG. 17 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 17. — Lateral view of the snout of Alcidedorbignya inopinata showing the occlusion of the upper and lower canines: A, MHNC 8399; B, MHNC 8372. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 18 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 18. — Lateral view of the rostrum of Alcidedorbignya inopinata showing the interdigitated suture of the maxilla and the jugal: A, MHNC 8372; B, MHNC 8400. Abbreviations: af, anterior foramen possibly for the passage of a branch of the infraorbital artery entering the nasal cavity (see maxilla section in the description); Al, alisphenoid; aoic, anterior opening of the infraorbital canal; ef ethmoidal foramen; fdf, frontal diploic foramina; Fr, frontal; Ju, jugal; La, lacrimal; lat, lacrimal tubercle; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; opf, optic foramen; Os, orbitosphenoid; Pa, parietal, Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxilla. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 16 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 16. — Dorsal view of the skull of a juvenile individual of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8416), which preserves the anterior tip of the left nasal. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 14 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 14. — Photo montage of the anterior part of the palate of Alcidedorbignya inopinata: MHNC 8399 with the left maxilla and premaxilla reconstructed with the mirror image of the right ones (as preserved). This montage shows that the upper incisors and premaxillae of Alcidedorbignya inopinata did not contact anteromedially and were widely separated. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 6 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 6. — Lateral view of the maxilla a of Alcidedorbignya inopinata showing the difference in the elevation of the snout (red bar = maxilla height in Fig. 7): A, female (MHNC 8372, right side reversed); B, male (MHNC 8400). Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 12 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 12. — Diagram of the skull of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MNHN 8372) with bone labels. Abbreviations: Al, alisphenoid; Bo, basioccipital; Bs, basisphenoid; Eo, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Ju, jugal; La, lacrimal; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; Os, orbitosphenoid; Pa, parietal; Pe, petrosal; Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxilla; Ps, presphenoid; So, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal.
FIG. 11 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 11. — Pencil drawings of the skull and mandible of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372) emphasizing the suture lines. Part of the right premaxilla, left premaxilla and left upper incisors have been reconstructed: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, skull in lateral view; D, mandible in lateral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 9 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 9. — Lower incisors of Alcidedorbignya inopinata: A, MHNC 8399, occusal view; B, MHNC 8399, lingual view; C, MHNC 8399 labial view; D, MHNC 8372 occusal view; E, MHNC 8372, lingual view; F, MHNC 8372, labial view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 13 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 13. — Partial skull of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8399): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, right lateral view; D, right lateral view of the mandible. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 10 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 10 (continuation). — Stereophotographs of the skull of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372): D, right lateral view; E, left lateral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 5 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 5. — Pathological osteolysis and odontolysis on MHNC 8399. Abbreviations: odlr, odontolysis of root; osl, ostelolysis. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 10 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 10. — Stereophotographs of the skull of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, occipital view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 1 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 1. — Holotype of Alcidedorbignya inopinata: left partial maxilla with P4-M3, YPFB Pal 6121. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 8 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 8. — Upper incisors of Alcidedorbignya inopinata: A, MHNC 8399 (left incisors), occusal view; B, MHNC 8399 (left incisors), lingual view; C, MHNC 8399 (left incisors), labial view; D, MHNC 8372 (right incisors), occusal view; E, MHNC 8372 (right incisors), lingual view; F, MHNC 8372 (right incisors), labial view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 7 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 7. — Intraspecific variation in the elevation of the snout in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, which is considered here as related to sexual dimorphism: A, scatter plot showing the distribution of maxilla height from the anterolabial angle of M1 to the anterior end of the jugal on the anterior edge of the orbit; B, histogram showing the bimodal distribution of maxilla height; C, scatter plot showing the distribution of the width and length of the upper canine according to inferred sex of the individuals; D, scatter plot showing the distribution of the height and width of the upper canine according to inferred sex of the individuals; E, scatter plot showing the distribution of the proportions of the M2 of Alcidedorbignya inopinata as compared to inferred sex of the individuals. Colors: blue filling (males); pink or red filling (females). Abbreviations: LM2, mesiodistal length of M2; WM2, labiolingual width of M2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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