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FIG. 31 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 31. — Geochronological ranges of listriodonts in the Old World (➔). Abbreviations: C1-C8, Coppens 1974 Faunal zones; P0-PVIII, Pickford 1981 Faunal Sets. Pakistan data from Johnson et al. 1982 and Barry 1986; China data from Tong et al. 1996; hatched line in the middle Miocene is the early to middle Miocene boundary according to Berggren et al. 1995.

FIG. 32 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 32. — Siwaliks geochronology and the distribution of Listriodon pentapotamiae (Falconer, 1868). Abbreviations: CK95, Cande & Kent 1995; B93, Baksi 1993.

FIG. 18 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 18. — Evolution of the central upper incisor in Listriodontinae. Abbreviations: E., Eurolistriodon; H., Hyotherium; L., Listriodon; Lo., Lopholistriodon.

FIG. 20 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 20. — Metric changes of Listriodon upper first incisors from France. Horizontal axis: mesiodistal length; vertical axis: buccolingual breadth.

FIG. 13 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 13. — TO 3B, 129, female skull with cheek dentition, Listriodon splendens major Roman, 1907 from Toril, Spain, occlusal view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 12 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 12. — TO 3B, 129, female skull with cheek dentition, Listriodon splendens major Roman, 1907 from Toril, Spain; A, left lateral view; B, palatal view; C, right lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 10 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 10. — Size variation (in mm) of the lower dentition of Listriodon latidens (Biedermann, 1873). Symbols and abbreviations:, Inönü; M, Mala Miliva; V, Veltheim (type locality).

FIG. 11 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 11. — Stratigraphic succession in the Aquitaine Basin, Southern France (modified from Ginsburg 2000), showing the distribution of Listriodon fossils ().

FIG. 9 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 9. — Size variation (in mm) of the upper dentition of Listriodon latidens (Biedermann, 1873). Symbols and abbreviations:, Inönü; K, Krusevica; M, Mala Miliva; ➔, broken specimen.

FIG. 4 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 4. — Neogene fossiliferous localities of Europe, Asia and Afro-Arabia which have yielded Listriodontinae.

FIG. 1. — A-C, G, Listriodon retamaensis n in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 1. — A-C, G, Listriodon retamaensis n. sp. from Retama, Spain; A, RET 740, right I1, lingual and labial views; B, RET 832, upper male canine, medial and lateral views; C, right p4, occlusal view; G, RET 574, holotype, female snout with left I3, left and right canine roots, left and right P1-P3, occlusal, left lateral and anterior views; D-F, Listriodon splendens major Roman, 1907 from Toril, Spain; D, TOR 3B 438, right i1, lingual and labial views; E, TOR 3B 322, left i3, lingual and labial views; F, TOR III (33.234), left i3, lingual and labial views. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 3 in New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography

FIG. 3. — Neogene fossiliferous localities in the Iberian Peninsula arranged by chronological order and by sedimentary basins. Note the distribution of listriodonts from MN4a to MN9. Symbol:, listriodon species.

FIG. 32 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 32. — Weight spectra of the bovid assemblages of Pikermi (left), Samos (middle-down) and Maragheh (right-top) combined with the geographic distribution of Turolian Mesopithecus Wagner, 1939 (data from NOW 2010, http://www.helsinki.fi/science/now). For explanation see text.

FIG. 30 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 30.— Bovidae indet.,upper left molar (?M3) (MMTT1A/339) from Maragheh in occlusal (A) and labial (B) views. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIG. 26 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 26. — Miotragocerus sp.cranium (NHML M3838) from Maragheh in lateral (A), ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 24 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 24. — Miotragocerus cf. maius (Meladze, 1967) from Maragheh: A, B, frontlet (MNHN.F.MAR1311) in frontal (A) and lateral (B) views and left horn-core (MNHN.F.MAR1073) in frontal (C) and medial (D) views. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 23 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 23. — Principal Component Analysis of metacarpal measurements (Length, Transverse diameter at the proximal and distal epiphysis, and at the middle of the diaphysis) in several Miocene (marked in dark grey), Plio-Pleistocene (marked in grey) and living (marked in white) bovids, with indication of the basic outline of the bone at the same scale. Abbreviations and collection numbers: MLA216, Urmiatherium rugosifrons (Sickenberg, 1932) from Samos, Greece (Kostopoulos 2009a); Loc 116, Baode Loc 116, Urmiatherium Rodler, 1889 or Plesiaddax Bohlin, 1935 from China (Bohlin 1935a); "P." inundatus, questionable Plesiaddax from Garkin, Turkey (data from KÖhler 1993); MMTT13/2462, Urmiatherium polaki Rodler, 1889 from Maragheh; MAR, Maragheh. For explanation see text.

FIG. 28 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 28. — Tragoportax cf. amalthea (Roth & Wagner, 1854) from Maragheh: palate (MMTT13/1346) and frontlet (MMTT13/1339) of possibly the same young adult individual in lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 21 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 21. — Urmiatherium polaki Rodler, 1889 left mandible (MNHN.F.MAR1035) from Maragheh in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 29 in The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphiczoogeographic interpretation

FIG. 29. — Samokeros minotaurus Solounias, 1981 from Maragheh and Samos: A, B, cranium (MNHN.F.MAR1396) from Maragheh in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C, skull (AMNH23036) in lateral view; D-F, right mandibular ramus (MNHN.F.MAR3229) in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views; G, left toothrow of the cranium (MNHN.F.MAR1396) in occlusal view; H, right toothrow of the palate (MNHN.F.MAR3209) in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 cm.