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FIG. 18 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 18. – Distribution of the pattern types with their intermediaries (Inter.) in Seraphs chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889).

FIG. 12 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 12. — Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells under UV light: A-C, Seraphs sp. 1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, abapertural view; C, dorsal view; D-F, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, ventral view; E, labral view; F, abapertural view. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 30 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 30. — Paraseraphs armoricus (Vasseur, 1882) under UV light: A-F, MNHN A28788, Saffré (Bois Gouët), Loire-Atlantique, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, C, detailed views of the dots (C in negative view); D, labral view; E, detailed view of the dots; F, dorsal view). Scale bars: A, D, F, 10 mm; B, C, E, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 10 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 10. — Seraphs olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889) under UV light: A-C, MNHN A28560 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; A, dorsal view; B, abapertural view; C, detailed view of the dots;D, E, MNHN A29057 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; D, dorsal view; E, abapertural view; F-H, neotype, MNHN A28885 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, dorsal view; G, labral view; H, detailed view of the dots. Scale bars: A, B, D-G, 10 mm; C, 5 mm; H, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 9 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 9. — Seraphs sopitus (Solander in Brander, 1766) under UV light: A-D, MNHN A28884, Saint-Witz (Le Guépelle), Val d'Oise, France, Bartonian; A, dorsal view; B, labral view; C, D, detailed views of the dots; E-H, MNHN A27526, Saint-Witz (Le Guépelle), Bartonian; E, dorsal view; F, abapertural view; G, H, detailed views of the dots; I-K, MNHN A28778, Le Limon, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; I, dorsal view; J, detailed view of the dots; K, abapertural view. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, I, K, 10 mm; C, D, J, 2 mm; G, H, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda and P. Loubry (MNHN).

FIG. 8 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 8. — Oldest known specimens of Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766) under UV light: A-D, MNHN A30419, Sapicourt, Marne, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); A, dorsal view; B, C, detailed view of the dots; D, labral view; E, F, MNHN A30420, Sapicourt, Ypresian (Cuisian); E, dorsal view; F, labral view. Scale bars: A, D, E, F, 5 mm; B, C, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 7 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 7. — Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766) under UV light: A, B, G, MNHN A28873, Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; G, detailed view of the dots; C, D, MNHN A28876, Grignon, Lutetian; C, ventral view; D, dorsal view; E, F, MNHN A28875 (Valenciennes coll.), Fontenay-en-Vexin, Eure, France, Lutetian; E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; H, I, MNHN A28874, Grignon, Lutetian; H, ventral view; I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 4 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 4. — Descriptive terminology of the residual colour patterns of the Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: A, paratype of Seraphs peterjungi n. sp. (apical part), MNHN A28931 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; B, Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 (apical part), MNHN A28958 (Faullummel coll.), Saint-Gobain, Aisne, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); C, Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) (median part), MNHN IM, Atoll de Surprise, New Caledonia, Recent; D, Paraseraphs tetanus (median part), MNHN A28943, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Oise, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); A, B, D, under UV light; C, in normal light. Abbreviations: asg, axial segment; ast, axial stripes; sl, spiral line; srd, spiral row of dots. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 1 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 1. — Variability of the extant species Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) in dorsal view and normal light: A, T. terebellum form delicatum Kuroda & Kawamoto, 1961, MNHN IM, Segond Channel, Santo, Vanuatu; B, H, I, T. terebellum form punctulorum (RÖding, 1798); C-G, T. terebellum form lineatum (RÖding, 1798); B, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; C, MNHN IM, Lagon Nord, New Caledonia; D, MNHN IM, unknown locality; E, MNHN IM, New Caledonia; F, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; G, MNHN IM, Atoll de Surprise, New Caledonia; H, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; I, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 5 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 5. — Comparison between the colour patterns of fossil and Recent Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: A-C, Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766), MNHN A28873, Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, detailed view of the dots; D, E, Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM, Baie des Citrons, Nouméa, New Caledonia, Recent; D, dorsal view; E, detailed view of the dots; F, G, Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, MNHN A29168 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy, Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; F, dorsal view; G, detailed view of the dots; A-C, F, G, under UV light in negative view; D, E, in normal light. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, 10 mm; C, G, 2 mm; E, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 6 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 6. — Seraphs Montfort, 1810 shells in normal light: A-E, S. volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766); A-C, MNHN A28776 (ex Galerie de Zoologie coll.), Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, lectotype of Terebellum convolutum Lamarck, 1802, MNHN B70325 (Lamarck coll.), Grignon, Lutetian; D, ventral view; E, dorsal view; F, G, S. sopitus (Solan- der in Brander, 1766), MNHN A28778 (Faullummel coll.), Le Limon, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; F, ventral view; G, labral view; H-J, S. olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889); H, I, MNHN A28577 (Ledon coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; H, ventral view; I, dorsal view; J, MNHN A29225, labral view (Ledon coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 3 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 3. — Descriptive terminology of the residual colour patterns of the Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: A, B, Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, MNHN A28963 (Ballot coll.), Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, apical part; B, detailed view of the dots; C, D, Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766), MNHN A28873, Grignon, Lutetian; C, apical part; D, detailed view of the dots; E, S. chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28922 (leg. Pacaud), Fercourt, Oise, France, Lutetian (apical part). Abbreviations: coad, coalescence of dots; d, dot; ds, darker spot; ls, lighter spot; p, patch. All pictures taken under UV light. Scale bars: A, C, E, 5 mm; B, D, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 7 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 7. — Caenogastropods (deposited in the repositories of the Natural History Museum of Vienna and in the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara): A, Tympanotonos sp.; B,?Melanoides sp.; C, Terebralia sp. 1; D, Terebralia sp. 2; E, Vicinocerithium seni n. sp. (paratype-Vienna museum); F, Vicinocerithium seni n. sp. (paratype-MTA, Ankara); G, Vicinocerithium seni n. sp. (holotype-MTA, Ankara); H, "Cerithiid" indet.; I, Haustator granulosa (Deshayes, 1824); J, Haustator sp.; A-D, G, H, NHMV; E, F, I, J, MTA. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 4 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 4. — Biometric parameters of the caenogastropods used in this study (see Appendix 1 for measurements). Abbreviations: A, apex angle; D1, diameter of shell; D2, diameter of spire; HA, height of aperture; HL, height of body whorl; HT, height of the shell; LA, width of aperture; LT, width of shell. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 1 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 1. — Geological map of the Paleocene-Eocene units exposed in the studied region and sample points of the MacunkÖy section (from Bilgin et al. 2009): 1, Eskipolatlı Formation; 2, llgınlıkdere Formation; 3, Kırkkavak Formation; 4, Kırkkavak Formation; Kayabaşı Member; 5, Kartal Formation.

FIG. 6 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 6. — Caenogastropods (deposited in the repositories of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara): A, Cerithium puigcercosensis (Cossmann, 1897) n. comb.; B-F, Vicinocerithium cf. subacutum (d'Orbigny, 1850); G, S, Bellatara ankaraensis n. sp., holotype; H, I, Tympanotonos turris (Deshayes, 1833); J, Cerithium cf. anguloseptum Rauff, 1884; K-M, Gantechinobathra vulcani (Brongniart, 1823); P-R, "Crommium" sp. 2. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 7 in New species of Eocithara Fischer, 1883 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Harpidae) from the Early Paleogene with phylogenetic analysis of the Harpidae

FIG. 7. — Direction of the umbilical ridge on the ventral face (character 23); A, state 0: straight umbilical ridge, e.g.: Cryptochorda stromboides (Hermann, 1781), MNHN R11405, Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; B, state 1: dorsally oriented umbilical ridge, e.g.: Eocithara (s.s.) jacksonensis (Harris, 1896), MNHN R11406 (L. Dolin coll.), Jackson, USA, Priabonian; C, state 2: ventrally oriented, e.g.: Harpa doris Röding, 1798, MNHN R11402 (Lecointre coll.), Praia de Castalho, Cape Verde, Recent. Abbreviations: vf, ventral face; df, dorsal face; ur, umbilical ridge. The black arrow indicates the direction of the umbilical ridge. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 6 in New species of Eocithara Fischer, 1883 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Harpidae) from the Early Paleogene with phylogenetic analysis of the Harpidae

FIG. 6. — SEM views of multispiral and paucispiral Eocithara (s.s.); A, Eocithara (s.s.) helenae n. sp., paratype, MNHN R63800 (Merle coll.), Tuilerie of Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, upper Ypresian; B, E. (s.s.) jacksonensis (Harris, 1896), MNHN J05528 (Cossmann coll.), Jackson, USA, Priabonian; C, E. (s.s.) submutica (d'Orbigny, 1852), MNHN R63801 (Aucoin coll.), Gaas, Espibos, Landes, France, Rupelian; D, Eocithara (s.s.) mutica (Lamarck, 1803), MNHN J05527 (Cossmann coll.), Mouchy-le-Châtel, Oise, France, Lutetian; E, E. (s.s.) elegans (Deshayes, 1835), MNHN R11401, Vendrest, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; F, Eocithara (s.s.) eucosmia n. sp., paratype, MNHN R11404 (Ledon coll.), Saint-Aignan-de-Grand-Lieu, Loire-Atlantique, France, Bartonian. The white arrow indicates the protoconch scar. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 4. — A, B in New species of Eocithara Fischer, 1883 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Harpidae) from the Early Paleogene with phylogenetic analysis of the Harpidae

FIG. 4. — A, B, Eocithara (s.s.) mutica (Lamarck, 1803), MNHN R63429 (Schtrock coll.), Chaussy, Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; C, D, E. (s.s.) mutica, MNHN R63430 (Leroy coll.), Saint-Gobain, Aisne, France, lower Ypresian; E, F, E. (s.s.) helenae n. sp., holotype, MNHN R63431 (Merle coll.), Tuilerie of Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, upper Ypresian; G, H, Eocithara (s.s.) eucosmia n. sp., holotype, MNHN R63798 (Boucher coll.), Bois-Gouët, Saffré, Loire-Atlantique, France, Bartonian. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 5. — A-C in New species of Eocithara Fischer, 1883 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Harpidae) from the Early Paleogene with phylogenetic analysis of the Harpidae

FIG. 5. — A-C, Eocithara (s.s.) eucosmia n. sp., paratypes, MNHN R63434 et R63435 (Pacaud coll.), Bois-Gouët, Saffré, Loire- Atlantique, France, Bartonian; D-E, E. (s.s.) rosenkrantzi n. sp., holotype, MGUH 15818 (copy MNHN R63692), Sonja Lens, East of Turritellakløft, Nuussuaq Peninsula, West Greenland, Thanetian (Agatdal Formation); F, E. (s.s.) sp. 1, MNHN J05430 (Cossmann coll.), Coustouge, Aude, France, lower Ypresian; G-H, Eocithara (s.s.) sp. 2, MNHN R63432 and R63433 (Courtessolle-Griffe coll.), Les Capitelles, North of Aragon, Aude, France, lower Ypresian. Scale bars: A-E, 5 mm; F-H, 10 mm.