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FIG. 11 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 11. Phocitremoides ovale. Metacercariae from scales of Fundulus grandissimus, CheleÂm lagoon, YucataÂn (A, B, G) and adults from chicks experimentally infected with scales of F. grandissimus, 2 and 4 days post infection (C±F, H). (A, D) Total view of excysted metacercaria and adult, respectively; ventrally; (B) encysted metacercaria; (C) detail of gland cells around oral sucker; (E, H) acetabular region with terminal genitalia, dorsal (E) and ventral (H) views; (F) egg; (G) intestinal caeca and acetabular region, ventrally; note granulation of cells of the intestinal wall. (A± C, E, G, H) Free-hand illustrations based on observations of live specimens; not to scale. Abbreviations: ovs, opening (mouth) of ventral sucker; ts, tegumental spines; for other abbreviations see ®gure 2.

FIG. 9 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 9. (A± C) Centrocestus formosanus. Metacercariae from the gills of Poecilia mexicana, RõÂo La Palma, Veracruz (A) and Xiphophorus sp., RõÂo Las MaÂquinas, Veracruz (B, C). (D) Heterophyidae gen. sp. (5 Haplorchoides sp. of Scholz and Vargas- VaÂzquez, 1998). Metacercaria from the gills of Cichlasoma meeki, RõÂo Hondo, Quintana Roo. (A, D) excysted metacercaria, ventral view; (B, C) encysted metacercaria. Note position of metacercarial cyst close to the cartilage (ca; bv, blood vessel) of gill ®laments.

FIG. 12 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 12. Pygidiopsis pindoramensis. Metacercariae from the gill arches of Poecilia catemaconis, Catemaco Lake, Veracruz (A±C), fatty body of Poecilia mexicana, Balzapote stream, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz (D, E), and mesentery of Xiphophorus helleri., Catemaco Lake, Veracruz (F). (A, C) Total view of excysted metacercaria, dorsally (ts, tegumental spines); (B, D) encysted metacercaria (thick-walled external cyst wall not ®gured in B); (E) anterior end, ventral view; note 16 spines in one complete row and four additional spines on the dorsal side (dotted); (F) terminal genitalia, dorsally. (C) Free-hand schematic drawing.

FIG. 10 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 10. Haplorchis pumilio. Metacercariae from the musculature of gill apparatus of Dormitator latifrons (A, E) and Gobiomorus maculatus, Marismas de Chalacatepec, Jalisco (D, F), and adults from mouse experimentally infected with ®ns of Cichlasoma managuense, El Espino, Tabasco (B) and gills of Cichlasoma salvini, RõÂo Puyacatengo, Tabasco (C), 6 days post infection. (A) Total view of excysted metacercaria; (B, C) total views of adults, dorsally (B) and laterally (C); (D±F) ventral sucker, ventrally (D, E) and dorsally (F); longitudinal axis of the body indicated by arrow.

FIG. 7 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 7. Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa. Metacercariae from the heart of Mugil cephalus, RõÂo Cuitzmala, Jalisco (A±C) and the musculature of gill arches of Dormitator latifrons, Marismas de Chalacatepec, Jalisco (F), and adult from the intestine of Ardea herodias, CelestuÂn lagoon, YucataÂn (E). (A) Total view of excysted metacercaria, dorsally; (B) encysted metacercaria; (C) terminal genitalia, note bipartite gonotyl (g); (D±F) circumoral spines (n 5 16). (A, C) Free-hand schematic drawing; not in scale.

FIG. 8 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 8. Ascocotyle (Phagicola) sp. Excysted metacercaria from ®ns of Cichlasoma urophthalmus, El Vapor, Campeche.

FIG. 3 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 3. Ascocotyle (Leighia) mcintoshi. (A, B, D±F) Metacercariae from the mesenteries of Xiphophorus sp. (A, D) and Poecilia mexicana (B, E, F), RõÂo Las MaÂquinas, Veracruz. (C, G) Adults from chick experimentally infected with the mesenteries of Xiphophorus sp., 2 days post infection. (A) Total view of excysted metacercaria, ventrally; (B) encysted metacercaria; (C) total view of adult, ventrally; (D) terminal genitalia, ventrally (for abbreviations see ®gure 2); (E±G) circumoral spines (E, FÐ 211 21 spines; in F only spines on the ventral side ®gured; GÐ 201 20; dorsal view). In (A) and (B), cells with granular content ®gured only partly.

FIG. 2 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 2. Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) tenuicollis. Adults from the intestine of Casmerodius albus, PaÂtzcuaro Lake, MichoacaÂn, misidenti®ed as Ascocotyle leighi (CNHE 1532). (A) Total view, ventrally; (B) anterior end (spines of the posterior row on the dorsal side not ®gured); (C, D) detail of the terminal genitalia, ventral and lateral views, respectively. Abbreviations: ed, ejaculatory duct; eg, eggs; g, gonotyl; gp, genital pore; ic, intestinal caecum; mvs, mouth of ventrogenital sac; oe, oesophagus; ph, pharynx; sv, seminal vesicle; u, uterus; vf, vitelline follicles; vs, ventral sucker.

FIG. 5 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 5. (A±D) Ascocotyle (Leighia) megalocephala. Metacercariae from the external surface of the intestine of Poecilia velifera, Chen-haÂ cenote, YucataÂn (A) and P. mexicana, Balzapote, Veracruz (B±D). (E, F) Galactosomum puni. Adult from the intestine of Larus occidentalis, Isla Rasa, Baja California (CNHE 804). (A) Total view, ventrally; (B) encysted metacercaria; (C) circumoral spines (391 39); (D) anterior end (only spines on the ventral side ®gured); (E, F) terminal genitalia, more internal (E) and external (F) views, ventrally. Note presence of hermaphroditic duct (hd) in (E) and a slit-like opening (mouth) of the ventrogenital sac (mvs; for other abbreviations see ®gure 2) in (F).

FIG. 6 in Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records

FIG. 6. Ascocotyle (Phagicola) ampullacea. Metacercariae from the muscles of Gambusia yucatana, El Yucateco, Tabasco (A), gonads of Belonex belizanus, Chaamac cenote, YucataÂn (B, D, F), mesentery of Poecilia sp., El Yucateco, Tabasco (C), and intestinal wall of Poecilia sphenops, Mitza, YucataÂn (E, G). (A, B) Total view of excysted metacercaria, dorsally; (C) encysted metacercaria; (D) anterior end, dorsal view; (E, F) terminal genitalia, dorsal view; (G) circumoral spines; small tegumental, scale-like spines ®gured only on one side.

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F in Host plant utilization and population abundance of three tropical species of Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

F. 2. Population abundance of Stolas chalybea, S. areolata and Anacassis phaeopoda at different life stages at Serra do Japi, SP.

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F in Host plant utilization and population abundance of three tropical species of Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

F. 1. Climatic diagram of Jundiaí (where Serra do Japi is located), in São Paulo state, during the years 1997 and 1998 (according to Walter and Lieth, 1960). Original data were collected in a station at 715 m and temperature data were corrected to 1170 m (data provided by Instituto Agronômico de Campinas). Dotted region represents dry periods and dark region represents super-humid periods.

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FIG. 3 in The barnacles of Astreopora (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatini/ Scleractinia, Acroporidae): organization plans, host speci®city, species-richness and geographic range

FIG. 3. Hiroa stubbingsi Ross and Newman, 1973 from Astreopora myriophthalma Lamarck, 1816 from Sulawesi, Indonesia (RMNH C 2276): (A) labrum and outlines of mandibular palps; (B) mandibular palp; (C) mandible; (D) maxilla I; (E) maxilla II. Scale bar= 0.1 mm.

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FIG. 1 in The barnacles of Astreopora (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatini/ Scleractinia, Acroporidae): organization plans, host speci®city, species-richness and geographic range

FIG. 1. Distribution of Astreopora (shaded, after Veron 1986, 1993) and known occurrences of Cantellius euspinulosa (D), C. iwayama (E), C. tredecimus, (D) C. pallidus (L), Hiroa stubbingsi (H), Cionophora soongi (*) and C. guillaumae sp. nov. (+). Localities, for sites of collection see results: 1, Red Sea, Gulf of Elat or Aqaba; 2, Red Sea; 3, Red Sea,Yemen; 4, Kenya; 5, Tanzania; 6, Mozambique, Inhaca Island; 7, Seychelles; 8, Mauritius; 9, Reunion; 10, Maldive Islands; 11, Vietnam; 12, Indonesia, Sabah; 13, Indonesia, Sulawesi; 14, Philippines; 15, Taiwan (Soong and Chang, 1983); 16, Japan, Okinawa (Ogawa and Matsuzaki, 1990; Asami and Yamaguchi, 1997); 17, Japan, Kushimoto, 18, Truk Islands (Ollan Island, type locality of Hiroa stubbingsi); 19, Australia, Western Australia; 20, Australia, Darwin; 21, 22, Australia, Great Barrier Reef; 23, Australia, Lord Howe Island; 24, New Caledonia (type locality of Cionophora guillaumae); 25, Vanuatu; 26, Marshall Islands, Enewetok Atoll; 27, Gilbert Islands; 28, Tonga Islands.

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FIG. 2 in The barnacles of Astreopora (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatini/ Scleractinia, Acroporidae): organization plans, host speci®city, species-richness and geographic range

FIG. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of shell and opercular plates of Hiroa stubbingsi Ross and Newman, 1973: (A) exterior of specimen from Sulawesi, Indonesia (RMNH C 2276) with opercular plates in place [see (D) for enlargement of area outlined on (A), and (E) for enlargement of the opercular region]; (B) carinal plate and portion of basis of specimen from Sabah (Borneo) showing grooves in basis into which the radial septa of the wall insert; (C) interior of partially disarticulated wall showing four parietal plates (note the rostrum contributes substantially less to the sheath than the carina despite their comparable widths); (D) radial ridge and marginal teeth of radial septum engaging a longitudinal groove of the basis [enlargement of outlined area in (A)]; (E) enlargement of the opercular plates in situ, illustrating interlocking of the teeth of the occludent margins of the scuta and the rows of pores; (F) articulate opercular valves of a specimen from New Caledonia illustrating the relationships of the large area for insertion of tergal depressor muscles and the relatively large spur of the tergum to the large, dependent limbus adductorum (adductor ridge) of the scutum (a, outer view; b, inner view); (G) disarticulated scuta and terga of a specimen from Sulawesi Indonesia (RMNH C 2276) (a and b, scuta; c and d, terga). Scale bars: (A±C, F, G)= 1 mm; (D, E)=0.1 mm.

Figures 55–61 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 55–61. Asphondylia silva sp. nov.: 55, male head; 56, female head; 57, female flagellomere 5; 58, female abdomen; 59, male terminalia, dorsal; 60, 61, larval spatulae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 50–54 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 50–54. Asphondylia pseudorosa sp. nov. larval spatulae: 50, 51, from inflorescence galls; 52–54, from bud galls. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 38–44 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 38–44. Asphondylia larval spatulae: 38, 39, Asphondylia solidaginis; 40, 41, Asphondylia rosulata sp. nov.; 42–44, spatulae of larvae taken from Solidago gigantea snap galls. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 31–37 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 31–37. Asphondylia monacha, larva: 31, head and prothorax; 32–34, spatula of spring-generation larvae; 35– 37, spatula of summer-generation larvae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 45–49 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 45–49. Asphondylia pseudorosa sp. nov.: 45, male head; 46, female head; 47, female flagellomeres 10–12; 48, male terminalia, dorsal; 49, male hypoprocts showing intraspecific morphological diversity. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.