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Figure 168 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figure 168 - Updated synthesis of biological habits of the world Megastigmus species recorded to date with a detail of the species present in Eastern and Southern Africa. The four bars on the top detail the chalcid feeding regimes. The following ones present the host plant families colonized by the phytophagous seed chalcids, splitted into angiosperms and conifers.
Figures 129-135 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figures 129-135 - Megastigmus hypogeus Hussey male dark form. 129 dorsal view of the body 130 lateral view of body 131 dorsal view of thorax 132 front view of head; 133 antenna 134 genitalia 135 forewing.
Figures 30-35 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figures 30-35 - Megastigmus smithi Roques & Copeland, sp. n. female. 30 dorsal view of the body 31 lateral view of body 32 dorsal view of thorax 33 front view of head 34 antenna 35 forewing.
Figures 36-41 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figures 36-41 - Megastigmus copelandi Roques & Copeland, sp. n. female. 36 dorsal view of the body 37 lateral view of body 38 dorsal view of thorax; 39 front view of head 40 antenna 41 forewing.
Figures 109-115 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figures 109-115 - Megastigmus lanneae Roques & Copeland, sp. n. dark form. 109 dorsal view of the body 110 lateral view of body 111 dorsal view of thorax 112 front view of head; 113 antenna 114 forewing 115 genitalia.
Figures 122-128 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figures 122-128 - Megastigmus hypogeus Hussey male pale form. 122 dorsal view of the body 123 lateral view of body 124 dorsal view of thorax 125 front view of head; 126 antenna 127 genitalia 128 forewing.
Figures 22-29 from: Roques A, Copeland RS, Soldati L, Denux O, Auger-Rozenberg M-A (2016) Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa. ZooKeys 585: 51-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503
Figures 22-29 - Megastigmus helinae Roques & Copeland, sp. n. male. 22 dorsal view of the body 23 lateral view of body 24 dorsal view of thorax 25 front view of head 26 electroscan of antenna 27 electroscan of dorsal view of thorax 28 forewing 29 genitalia.
Figure 2 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 2 - Bioregions of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (Rutherford et al. 2006). The vegetation map shows the 35 bioregions where a bioregion is defined as a composite special terrestrial unit based on similar biotic (vegetation and floristic) and physical features (landscapes and rock types) and processes at the regional scale (Rutherford et al. 2006). The legend should be referred to when comparing the areas covered by leguminochoria.
Figure 8 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 8 - Discriminant analysis for legume assemblages of southern Africa. Only the centroids and not all observations are shown. Confidence ellipses around the centroids and drivers for Factor 1 (soil pH and minimum temperatures) and Factor 2 (soil phosphorus) are shown. The legume assemblages are 1 Arid Western Region, Lower-rainfall Cape Floristic Region, Higher-rainfall Cape Floristic Region 2 Central Arid Region, Generalist Group, Kalahari Bushveld Region 3 Albany Centre 4 Northern & Northeastern Savannah Region, Central Bushveld Region, Subtropical Lowveld & Mopane Region 5 Northern Highveld Region, Drakensberg Alpine Centre, Summer Rainfall Region and 6 Southern Afromontane, Coastal Region, Northern Mistbelt.
Figure 7 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 7 - The growth forms of key species recorded in leguminochoria (A1–E) of southern Africa. Growth forms are defined as: 1 herb is a small, non-woody seed-bearing plant in which the aerial parts die back at the end of each growing season 2 dwarf shrub is a plant smaller than a shrub which produces wood at its base and has abundant growth branching upward from the base, the upper stems dying back at the end of each growing season 3 shrub is a perennial woody plant less than 10m tall which branches low or near ground level into several main stems although it has no clear trunk 4 tree is a woody plant which grows more than 10m tall, characteristically it has one main stem and 5 climber is a plant with aerial tendrils which it uses to attach itself to a host or surface for support (Germishuizen and Meyer 2003). DN: diagnostic species are species with occurrences of 70% or higher. The leguminochoria are termed A1 Southern Afromontane A2 Albany Centre A3 Northern Highveld Region A4 Drakensberg Alpine Centre A5 Coastal Region B1 Arid Western Region B2 Lower-rainfall Cape Floristic Region B3 Central Arid Region B4 Generalist Group B5 Summer Rainfall Region B6 Northern & Northeastern Savannah Region B7 Kalahari Bushveld Region C Higher-rainfall Cape Floristic Region D1 Central Bushveld Region D2 Subtropical Lowveld & Mopane Region E Northern Mistbelt.
Figure 4 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 4 - The predominant climate and soil conditions associated with leguminochoria (A1–E) of southern Africa. Climatic conditions shown are mean annual rainfall (A) (mm), minimum (B) and maximum temperatures (C) (°C). The soil properties shown are pH (H2O) level (D), phosphorus content (mgkg-1) (E) and exchangeable sodium (F) (%). The leguminochoria are termed A1 Southern Afromontane A2 Albany Centre A3 Northern Highveld Region A4 Drakensberg Alpine Centre A5 Coastal Region B1 Arid Western Region B2 Lower-rainfall Cape Floristic Region B3 Central Arid Region B4 Generalist Group B5 Summer Rainfall Region B6 Northern & Northeastern Savannah Region B7 Kalahari Bushveld Region C Higher-rainfall Cape Floristic Region D1 Central Bushveld Region D2 Subtropical Lowveld & Mopane Region E Northern Mistbelt.
Figure 1 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 1 - Dendrogram of southern African leguminochoria delimited by Multivariate Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering. A1 Southern Afromontane A2 Albany Centre A3 Northern Highveld Region A4 Drakensberg Alpine Centre A5 Coastal Region B1 Arid Western Region B2 Lower-rainfall Cape Floristic Region B3 Central Arid Region B4 Generalist Group B5 Summer Rainfall Region B6 Northern & Northeastern Savannah Region B7 Kalahari Bushveld Region C Higher-rainfall Cape Floristic Region D1 Central Bushveld Region D2 Subtropical Lowveld & Mopane Region E Northern Mistbelt.
Figure 6 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 6 - The Leguminochoria C–E superimposed on the Bioregions of southern Africa. The Higher-rainfall Cape Floristic Region (Cluster C) and Cluster D (Savannah Group) is divided into the Central Bushveld Region (D1) and the Subtropical Lowveld & Mopane Region (D2) as well as the Northern Mistbelt (Cluster E). The leguminochoria is mapped on bioregions defined by (Rutherford et al. 2006) referring to the legend in Figure 2.
Figure 3 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 3 - The Leguminochoria A1–A5 & B1 superimposed on the Bioregions of southern Africa. Cluster A (Sourveld and Mixed Veld Group) is divided into the Southern Afromontane (A1); Albany Centre (A2); Northern Highveld Region (A3); Drakensberg Alpine Centre (A4); and the Coastal Region (A5). Cluster B (Seasonal Rainfall Group) is here represented by the Arid Western Region (B1); for other subdivisions of cluster B, see Figure 5. The leguminochoria is mapped on bioregions defined by (Rutherford et al. 2006) referring to the legend in Figure 2.
Figure 5 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Figure 5 - The Leguminochoria B2–B7 superimposed on the Bioregions of southern Africa. Cluster B (Seasonal Rainfall Group) is divided into the Lower-rainfall Cape Floristic Region (B2); the Central Arid Region (B3); the Generalist Group (B4); the Summer Rainfall Region (B5); the Northern & Northeastern Savannah Region (B6) and the Kalahari Bushveld Region (B7). For the distribution of leguminochorion B1, see Figure 3. The leguminochoria is mapped on bioregions defined by (Rutherford et al. 2006) referring to the legend in Figure 2.
Plate 2 from: Clark VR, Bentley J, Dold AP, Zikishe V, Barker NP (2016) The rediscovery of the Great Winterberg endemic Lotononis harveyi B.–E.van Wyk after 147 years, and notes on the poorly known Amathole endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa). PhytoKeys 62: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348
Plate 2 - The poorly known Great Winterberg–Amatholes endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. A a capitulum showing the distinctive dark involucral bract margins (Bentley J 1) B shrubby, candelabra growth-habit (above Wolf River Main Forest along the Amathole Hiking Trail, specimen not collected) C detail of flowering stem (Bentley J 1) D young plant showing ruderal tendencies (Clark VR 451). Photographs by C. McKune (A), V.R. Clark (B, D) and N. Bergh (C).
Plate 1 from: Clark VR, Bentley J, Dold AP, Zikishe V, Barker NP (2016) The rediscovery of the Great Winterberg endemic Lotononis harveyi B.–E.van Wyk after 147 years, and notes on the poorly known Amathole endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa). PhytoKeys 62: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348
Plate 1 - The first ever photographs of the Great Winterberg–Amatholes endemic Lotononis harveyi B.–E.van Wyk A flower detail (Clark VR, Bentley L 9) B habit (Clark VR, Bentley L 9; the Garmin GPS indicates scale) C montane grassland habitat, with Lotononis harveyi in the middle foreground (Clark VR, Bentley L 11) D complete and open inflorescences (Clark VR, Bentley L 12). Photographs by V.R. Clark.
Figure 1 from: Clark VR, Bentley J, Dold AP, Zikishe V, Barker NP (2016) The rediscovery of the Great Winterberg endemic Lotononis harveyi B.–E.van Wyk after 147 years, and notes on the poorly known Amathole endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa). PhytoKeys 62: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348
Figure 1 - Localities of Lotononis harveyi B.-E.van Wyk and Macowania revoluta Oliv. in the Great Winterberg–Amatholes, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Cartography by J. Bentley.
Fig 8 from: Scholtz C, Bazelet CS, de Klerk H (2018) Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) in southern Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 183-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29645
Fig 8 The same individual as in Fig. 5; spinning silk strands to secure leaves for shelter construction.
Fig 7 from: Scholtz C, Bazelet CS, de Klerk H (2018) Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) in southern Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 183-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29645
Fig 7 The same individual as in Fig. 5; spinning silk strands to secure leaves for shelter construction.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.