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Fig. 6. M2 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 6. M2 of Zalambdalestes lechei ZPAL MgMI/43 (modified from Crompton and Kielan Jaworowska, 1978: fig. 9), illustrating the dental measurements in table 2. Abbreviations: A, distance between lingualmost point of protocone base to its apex; B, distance between protocone and paraconule; C, distance between paraconule and paracone; D, distance between paracone and labialmost point of crown; L, greatest anteroposterior length; WA, greatest labiolingual width from anterolabial corner to lingualmost point of protocone base; WP, greatest labiolingual width from posterolabial corner to lingualmost point of protocone base.

Fig. 7 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 7. The rostrum of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 130 in ventral view. Pattern represents matrix. Abbreviations: art, artifactual opening; C, upper canine; cr, crest; I1a, upper first incisor alveolus; I2a, upper second incisor alveolus; I3, upper third incisor; I3a, upper third incisor alveolus; inf, incisive foramen; mx, maxilla; pmx, premaxilla; rp, rostral process of premaxilla.

Fig. 52 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 52. The palate of Kulbeckia kulbecke, redrawn from Archibald and Averianov (2003, fig. 7E). Dental formula preserved is I3, C, P4, M3.

Fig. 41 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 41. Stereophotograph of the right petrosal of cf. Zalambdalestes sp. PSSMAE 129 in dorsal view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are damaged surfaces. Abbreviations: fai, foramen acusticum inferius; fas, foramen acusticum superius; jf, jugular foramen; pfc, prefacial commissure; sips, sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus.

Fig. 40 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 40. Stereophotograph of the skull of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 130 in posterior view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix. Abbreviations: ctpp, caudal tympanic process of petrosal; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; lmf, lower mastoid foramen; lscp, lateral semicircular canal prominence; oc, occipital condyle; pe, petrosal; pgp, postglenoid process; ppr, paroccipital process; pscp, posterior semicircular canal prominence; ptf, posttemporal foramen; so, supraoccipital; umf, upper mastoid foramen.

Fig. 51 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 51. Reconstructions of the skulls of Asian Late Cretaceous eutherians in right lateral views to the same scale: (A) Zalambdalestes lechei, based on our report; (B) Barunlestes butleri, redrawn from KielanJaworowska (1975a: fig. 2B); (C) Kulbeckia kulbecke, redrawn from Archibald and Averianov (2003: fig. 7C); (D) Asioryctes nemegetensis, redrawn from KielanJaworowska (1975a: fig. 1B); (E) Kennalestes gobiensis, redrawn from KielanJaworowska (1975a: fig. 1A); and (F) Daulestes nessovi, redrawn from McKenna et al. (2000: fig. 7).

Fig. 31 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 31. Stereophotograph of the skull of cf. Zalambdalestes sp. PSSMAE 129 in right lateral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are damaged surfaces. Abbreviations: C, upper canine; con, (mandibular) condyle; cor, coronoid process; fr, frontal; I2, upper second incisor; ma, mandible; maf, masseteric fossa; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; P1, upper first premolar; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; p2, lower second premolar; p3, lower third premolar; pe, petrosal; pmx, premaxilla.

Fig. 35 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 35. Stereophotograph of the skull of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 130 in ventral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix. Abbreviations: art, artifact; bo, basioccipital; C, upper canine; ecpc, ectopterygoid crest; ef, ethmoidal foramen; enpc, entopterygoid crest; gf, glenoid fossa; I1a, upper first incisor alveolus; I2a, upper second incisor alveolus; iof, infraorbital foramen; inf, incisive foramen; ju, jugal; M1, upper first molar; M2, upper second molar; M3, upper third molar; mpf, minor palatine foramina; mapf, major palatime foramina; mx, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper fourth premolar; pf, piriform fenestra; pms, palatomaxillary suture; pmx, premaxilla; ppt, postpalatine torus; pr, promontorium; pt, pterygoid; sq, squamosal; vo, vomer.

Fig. 24 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 24. Stereophotograph of the left orbit of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 108 in oblique lateral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are damaged surfaces. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; ef, ethmoidal foramen; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; lac, lacrimal; lacf, lacrimal foramen; ma, mandible; mx, maxilla; mxf, maxillary foramen; pal, palatine; spf, sphenopalatine foramen; tlc, translacrimal canal; tr, trough.

Fig. 30 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 30. Stereophotograph of the skull of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 135 in left lateral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are damaged surfaces. Abbreviations: con, (mandibular) condyle; fr, frontal; hhu, head of humerus; ju, jugal; lac, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; pa, parietal; pop, postor bital process; sq, squamosal; tl, temporal line; tlc, translacrimal canal.

Fig. 28 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 28. Stereophotograph of the left orbit of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 130 in oblique lateral view, showing the roots of the left molars projecting through the floor of the orbit.

Fig. 3 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 3. The skull and lower jaws of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 130 in (clockwise from upper left) dorsal, ventral, left lateral, and right lateral views.

Fig. 2 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 2. The skull and lower jaws of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 108 in (clockwise from upper left) dorsal, ventral, left lateral, and right lateral views.

Fig. 1 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 1. The skull of the holotype of Zalambdalestes lechei AMNH 21708 in (clockwise from upper left) dorsal, ventral, and right lateral views.

FIGURE 14 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 14. Carla Kishinami collecting bat skeleton from rubble on floor near the lower end of Māhiehie Cave.

FIGURE 12 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 12. Looking downslope (south) across the entrance pit of Māhiehie Cave. The amphitheater entrance to the main cave is visible below the rim on the right side.

FIGURE 9 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 9. Relative ages of Hawaiian bat fossils from sites where their remains have been dated shown in relation to the time of colonization of the islands by humans; see appendix 2 for specimen records and appendix 4 for detailed locality descriptions for all collection sites. Solid bars indicate dated age ranges; hachured bars indicate estimated age ranges. Footnoted records are as follows: 1Maximum possible age of site, actual age of bat remains younger. 2Star represents 14C dated specimen. 3Older site off scale; 130,000 to ~400,000 ybp; most likely between 320,000 and 400,000 ybp; see text for discussion.

FIGURE 8 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 8. Proximal view of the humerus of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Anterior is toward the top of the page in each figure.

FIGURE 7. A in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 7. A, Lateral, B, anterior, C, medial, and D, posterior views of the humeri of the holotype of Synemporion keana (on the left in each pair; BPBM 159269) and Lasiurus cinereus semotus (on the right; BPBM 184506).

FIGURE 6 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 6. Anterior view of the lower incisors and canine of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with those of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). The third lower incisor (i3) is absent in the holotype of Synemporion but paratypes preserve this tooth, which is always trilobed.