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FIGURE 6. Sphyrospermum xanthocarpum. A. Branch bearing fruits with a detail. B in Nomenclature, taxonomy, and conservation of the neotropical genus Sphyrospermum (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), including five new species for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
FIGURE 6. Sphyrospermum xanthocarpum. A. Branch bearing fruits with a detail. B. Floral bud on the left and a mature flower with basal bracteoles, pedicel, calyx and corolla on the right. C. Longitudinal sections of the calyx and corolla; the corolla showing some stamens. D. Two adjacent stamens in dorsal view, two adjacent stamens in ventral view, and two stamens in lateral view; thecae bearing a basal appendage. Illustration by Bobbi Angell (drawn from holotype).
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclature, taxonomy, and conservation of the neotropical genus Sphyrospermum (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), including five new species for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
FIGURE 1. Exemplary species of Sphyrospermum. A. S. buxifolium with white-colored flowers and fruits (cultivated at the New York Botanical Garden); B. Pressed fruit of S. buxifolium showing translucent-white seeds with green embryos; C. S. buxifolium with inset of lilac-colored fruits (cultivated at the New York Botanical Garden); D. S. dissimile; E. S. munchiqueense; F. S. xanthocarpum with inset of habit (cultivated in Colombia). Photographers: A–C, Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa; D–E, James L. Luteyn; F, William Vargas.
FIGURE 3. Sphyrospermum glutinosum. A in Nomenclature, taxonomy, and conservation of the neotropical genus Sphyrospermum (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), including five new species for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
FIGURE 3. Sphyrospermum glutinosum. A. Branch with detail of stem pubescence. B. Portion of stem with post anthesis flowers. C. Mature flower showing basal bracteoles, pedicel, calyx, and corolla. D. Longitudinal section of calyx and corolla; the calyx with detail of glandular hairs and the corolla showing some stamens. E. Three adjacent stamens in dorsal view, three adjacent stamens in ventral view, and two stamens in lateral view; thecae bearing a basal appendage. Illustration by Bobbi Angell [A, C–E drawn from Suin 342 (MO); B drawn from Pedraza & Salinas 1233 (NY)].
FIGURE 4. Sphyrospermum revolutum. A. Branches. B in Nomenclature, taxonomy, and conservation of the neotropical genus Sphyrospermum (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), including five new species for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
FIGURE 4. Sphyrospermum revolutum. A. Branches. B. Leaf showing undersurface and detail of cross-section showing revolute margin. C. Floral bud. D. Mature flower showing pedicel, calyx, and corolla. E. Longitudinal section of calyx showing ovules. F. Stamens showing lateral, dorsal, and two ventral views. G. Twig with a post anthesis calyx. Illustration by Bobbi Angell (drawn from holotype).
FIGURE 2. Sphyrospermum dolichanthum. A in Nomenclature, taxonomy, and conservation of the neotropical genus Sphyrospermum (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), including five new species for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
FIGURE 2. Sphyrospermum dolichanthum. A. Habit showing pendent flowers and stems rooting at some nodes. B. Leaf undersurface. C. Mature flower showing basal bracteoles, pedicel, calyx, and corolla. D. Longitudinal section of corolla with some stamens. E. Longitudinal section of calyx showing ovules. F. Four adjacent stamens in dorsal view, two adjacent stamens in ventral view, single stamen in dorsal view, and single stamen in lateral view; the outermost stamen is the only one drawn in its entirety, including the long tubules dehiscing apically by obliquely pores. Illustration by Bobbi Angell (drawn from holotype).
FIGURES 5–11 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural acts in Cephenniini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 5–11. Syntype of Pseudocephennium integricolle Reitter. Dorsal habitus (5); head, pronotum and elytral base in dorsal view (6); head, prothorax and anterior portion of mesothorax in ventral view (7); pterothorax in ventral view (8); aedeagus in ventral (9), dorsal (10) and lateral (11) views.
FIGURES 1–4 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural acts in Cephenniini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 1–4. Syntype female of Cephennium breviusculum Motschulsky (1); aedeagus of Cephennodes zwaluwenburgi Zim- merman in ventral (2) and lateral (3) views; holotype female of Cephennium felicitas Scott (4).
FIGURE 1 in The genus Pauridia (Hypoxidaceae) amplified to include Hypoxis sect. Ianthe, Saniella and Spiloxene, with revised nomenclature and typification
FIGURE 1. Cladogram illustrating the phylogenetic relationships of the 19 Pauridia species treated by molecular systematic means so far (redrawn after Kocyan et al. 2011). 1Formerly in Hypoxis sect. Ianthe; 2formerly in Spiloxene; 3formerly in Saniella. Maximum likelihood heuristic bootstrap analysis = 100 for the clade.
FIGURE 2 in The genus Pauridia (Hypoxidaceae) amplified to include Hypoxis sect. Ianthe, Saniella and Spiloxene, with revised nomenclature and typification
FIGURE 2. Flower diversity in Pauridia. A, P. capensis; B, P. alba; C, P. curculigoides; D, P. monophylla; E, P. occidentalis var. quadriloba; F, P. gardneri; G, P. affinis; H, P. scullyi; I, P. minuta; J, P. alticola. Species formerly in: Spiloxene (A–D, G, H); Hypoxis sect. Ianthe (E, F); Saniella (J). Photographs by J.C. Paterson-Jones (A–D, G–J) and A. Kocyan (E, F).
FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature: the problem of taxonomic categories and of nomenclatural ranks
FIGURE 1: Compulsory and optional nomenclatural ranks in zoological nomenclature, based on a hypothetic phylogeny. Nomenclatural ranks as designated in the upper line are as follows: C, classis; sC, subclassis; O, ordo; sO, subordo; SF, superfamilia; F, familia; sF, subfamilia; T, tribus; G, genus; sG, subgenus; S, species. Background colours indicate the nominal-series in which these ranks belong: blue, class-series; green, family-series; yellow, genus-series; salmon, species-series. Red stippled lines correspond to five major ranks that must be named in all cases, according to the guidelines here presented (see text). In the text, a taxon is designated by the letter(s) of its rank (upper line), combined with its number appearing in the tree. The reasons for naming these taxa are as follows: (1) star in circle, terminal taxa (species); (2) circles, taxa that must be named because they include several subtaxa; (3) squares, taxa that must be named, although they include only one species, because, acording to the phylogeny presented, they are sister-groups of taxa indicated by circles; (4) diamonds, taxa that are not supported by cladistic data, but that must be named for purpose of allowing the nomenclatural hierarchy to play its rôle of system of storage and retrieval of information (see text).
FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature: the problem of taxonomic categories and of nomenclatural ranks
FIGURE 2: Phylogenetic tree of the MEGOPHRYIDAE (AMPHIBIA, ANURA) inferred from morphological and molecular data (Delorme et al. 2006). The numbers on the right preceded by letters designate the genera (G) and subgenera (sG) in the text. The numbers on the branches correspond to the following taxa: (1) family MEGOPHRYIDAE Bonaparte, 1850 (1931); (2) subfamily LEPTOBRACHIINAE Dubois, 1983; (3) tribe LEPTOBRACHIINI Dubois, 1983 and genus Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838; (4) tribe OREOLALAGINI Tian & Hu, 1985; (5) genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868; (6) subfamily LEPTOLALAG- INAE Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006; (7) genus Leptolalax Dubois, 1980; (8) subfamily MEGOPHRYINAE Bonaparte, 1850 (1931); (9) tribe XENOPHRYINI Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006; (10) tribe MEGOPHRYINI Bonaparte, 1850 (1931).
FIGURE 6 in Eight New Atlantic Rainforest Species and Nomenclatural Notes in Brazilian Myrtaceae
FIGURE 6. Myrcia basicordata—isotype at HUFSJ (scale: 50 mm); insert: inflorescence from Boone 1062 (scale: 10 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Eight New Atlantic Rainforest Species and Nomenclatural Notes in Brazilian Myrtaceae
FIGURE 4. Eugenia lacistema—holotype (scale: 50 mm); insert: inflorescences with fruits (from Jardim 193; scale: 10 mm).
FIGURES 9, 10 in Nomenclatural priority of the diatom name Fryxelliella sepulvedana over Fryxelliella pacifica (Triceratiaceae, Bacillariophyta)
FIGURES 9, 10: SEM images of rimoportulae from two different specimens from Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Fig 9: Rimoportula without ornamentation, surrounded by granules at base. Fig 10: Rimoportula without ornamentation, specimen different to Fig. 9. Scale bars= 0.5 µm.
FIGURES 1–8 in Nomenclatural priority of the diatom name Fryxelliella sepulvedana over Fryxelliella pacifica (Triceratiaceae, Bacillariophyta)
FIGURES 1–8: LM images of Fryxelliella sepulvedana. Figs 1–3: Image of valve labeled holotype for F. sepulvedana on MEXU 1837. Figs 4–6: Image of valve labeled holotype for F. pacifica on MEXU 1705. Figs 1, 4: General valve morphology. Figs 2, 5: Detail of ocelli. Figs 3, 6: Detail of sipho marginalis with sub-triangular apertures. Fig. 7: Image of frustule from MEXU 1841; black arrows indicate ocelli on one valve; white arrows indicate ocelli on other valve. Fig. 8: Small valve from slide MEXU 1841. Scale bars= 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic novelties in Eriocaulaceae from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Paepalanthus kleinii (Moldenke & L.B.Sm.) Trovó. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence detail. C. Leaf detail. D. Involucral bract abaxial surface. E. Floral bract abaxial surface. F. Staminate flower. G. Staminate flower with sepals removed. H. Pistillate flower. I. Gynoecium. (L.B. Smith & R. Klein 8241 B)
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatural notes on Tectaria blepharorachis (comb. nov.) and T. fibrillosa (Tectariaceae; Pteridophyta) for Malagasy fern flora
FIGURE 1. Tectaria fibrillosa (Baker) J.P.Roux.—A. Holotype.—B. Portion of rachis with pinna. (B drawn by Fang Cui).
FIGURE 2 in Nomenclatural notes on Tectaria blepharorachis (comb. nov.) and T. fibrillosa (Tectariaceae; Pteridophyta) for Malagasy fern flora
FIGURE 2. Tectaria blepharorachis (C.Christensen) Li Bing Zhang & Yi F. Duan.—A. The isolectotype at BM.—B. Portion of rachis with pinna. (B reproduced from Christensen 1916: Pl. 1, Fig. 1).
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic notes on Chinese Lilium L. (Liliaceae) with proposal of three nomenclatural revisions
FIGURE 2. Flowers of Lilium taliense Franchet from NW Yunnan showng continuous morphological variations in tepal spots andcolor i.e., white to yellow). Materials representing populations from A, Wengshui, Yunnan (Kham Expedition 10-56, PE) showing variability of spot tepal spots; B, Gezan, Yunnan (Kham Expedition 10-10, PE) showing variability of tepal color on a single individual; C, Jinfo Mountain, the type locality of L. jinfushanense exhibiting yellow inner tepals.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic notes on Chinese Lilium L. (Liliaceae) with proposal of three nomenclatural revisions
FIGURE 1. Bulbs of Lilium brownii from different populations showing variable segmentation of the scales. A-B, Materials representing populations from Nanchuan, Chongqing (Gao G2010001, SZ) showing segmented (A) and unsegmented (B) scales, respectively; C, Jiangyou, Sichuan (WJ10051401, SZ); D, Lushui, Yunnan (Gao G2009002, SZ).
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