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6,170 results for “european”
Semantic links between selected CSV datasets harvested by the European Data Portal and the DBpedia knowledge graph
<p>These dataset contains the results of the interlinking process between selected csv datasets harvested by the European DAta Portal and the DBpedia knowledge graph. </p> <p>We aim at answering the following questions:<br> What are the more popular column types? This will provide hindsight about what the datasets hold and how they can be joined. It will also provide hindsight on what specific linking schemes could be applied in future elements.<br> What datasets have columns of the same type? This will suggest datasets that may be similar or related.<br> What entities appear in most datasets (co-referent entities)? This will suggest entities for which more data is published.<br> What datasets share a particular entity? This will suggest datasets that may be joined, or are related through that particular entity</p> <p>Results are provided as augmented tables, that contain the columns of the original csv, plus a metadata file in JSON-LD format. The metadata files can be loaded in an RDF-store and queried.</p> <p>Refer to the accompanying report of activities for more details on the methodolog and how to query the dataset.</p> <p><br> </p>
Data from: Divergent and linked selection shape patterns of genomic differentiation between European and North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
<p>As populations diverge many processes can shape genomic patterns of differentiation. Regions of high differentiation can arise due to divergent selection acting on selected loci, genetic hitchhiking of nearby loci, or through repeated selection against deleterious alleles (linked background selection); this divergence may then be further elevated in regions of reduced recombination. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from Europe and North America diverged >600,000 years ago and despite some evidence of secondary contact, the majority of genetic data indicate substantial divergence between lineages. This deep divergence with potential gene flow provides an opportunity to investigate the role of different mechanisms that shape the genomic landscape during early speciation. Here, using 184,295 SNPs and 80 populations, we investigate the genomic landscape of differentiation across the Atlantic Ocean with a focus on highly differentiated regions and processes shaping them. We found evidence of high (mean FST=0.26) and heterogeneous genomic differentiation between continents. Genomic regions associated with high trans-Atlantic differentiation ranged in size from single loci (SNPs) within important genes to large regions (1-3Mbp) on four chromosomes (Ssa06, Ssa13, Ssa16, and Ssa19). These regions showed signatures consistent with selection, including high linkage disequilibrium despite no local reduction in recombination. Genes and functional enrichment of processes associated with differentiated regions may highlight continental differences in ocean navigation and parasite resistance. Our results provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying differences between continents, and evidence of near fixed and potentially adaptive trans-Atlantic differences concurrent with a background of high genome-wide differentiation supports subspecies designation in Atlantic salmon.</p>
Data from: Ecological speciation in European whitefish is driven by a large‐gaped predator
<p>Lake‐dwelling fish that form species pairs/flocks characterized by body size divergence are important model systems for speciation research. Although several sources of divergent selection have been identified in these systems, their importance for driving the speciation process remains elusive. A major problem is that in retrospect, we cannot distinguish selection pressures that initiated divergence from those acting later in the process. To address this issue, we studied the initial stages of speciation in European whitefish (<i>Coregonus lavaretus</i>) using data from 358 populations of varying age (26–10,000 years). We find that whitefish speciation is driven by a large‐growing predator, the northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>). Pike initiates divergence by causing a largely plastic differentiation into benthic giants and pelagic dwarfs: ecotypes that will subsequently develop partial reproductive isolation and heritable differences in gill raker number. Using an eco‐evolutionary model, we demonstrate how pike's habitat specificity and large gape size are critical for imposing a between‐habitat trade‐off, causing prey to mature in a safer place or at a safer size. Thereby, we propose a novel mechanism for how predators may cause dwarf/giant speciation in lake‐dwelling fish species.</p>
Fig. 2. Map showing all the 50 in Atlas of European millipedes 2: Order Julida (Class Diplopoda)
Fig. 2. Map showing all the 50 km squares which provided records included in this volume.
Agricultural intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems.
<p>1. Agricultural intensification is one of the main drivers of species loss worldwide, but there is still a lack of information about its effect on functional diversity of arable weeds communities.</p> <p>2. Using a large scale pan European study including 786 fields within 261 farms from eight countries, we analysed differences in the taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weeds assemblages across different levels of agricultural intensification in. We estimated weed species frequency in each field, and collected species' traits (vegetative height, specific leaf area and seed mass) from the TRY plant trait database. With this information we estimated taxonomic (species richness), functional composition (community weighted means) and functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and redundancy). We used indicators of agricultural management intensity at the individual field scale (e.g. yield, inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides, frequency of mechanical weed control practices) and at the landscape scale surrounding the field (i.e. number of crop types, mean field size and proportion of arable land cover within a radius of 500m from the sampling points).</p> <p>3. The effects of agricultural intensification on species and functional richness at the field scale were stronger than those of intensification at the landscape scale, and we did not observe evidence of interacting effects between the two scales. Overall, assemblages in more intensified areas had fewer species, a higher prevalence of species with ruderal strategies (low stature, high leaf area, light seeds), and lower functional redundancy.</p> <p>4. Maintaining the diversity of Europe's arable weed communities requires some simple management interventions, for example, reducing the high intensity of field-level agricultural management across Europe, which could be complemented by interventions that increase landscape complexity.</p>
Food fraud data based on the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)
<p>The data contains information on food fraud and was used to predict food fraud type using a Bayesian Network model. Food fraud notifications for the period 2000-2014 were downloaded from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database. Each record contains detailed information on the kind of notification and the products and countries involved. Based on the description in each notification we added a variable "food fraud type" (i.e. six different types of food fraud). A set of 749 notifications for the years 2000-2013 was used to train a Bayesian Network model to predict food fraud type. This model was validated using the 88 notifications for the year 2014.</p> <p>Interpretation of the data and details on the performance of the BN model can be found in the research article titled “Prediction of food fraud type using data from Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) and Bayesian network modelling” <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.026">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.026</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Column names</strong></p> <p>year - year notification was made</p> <p>product - categorization of the different products</p> <p>notification - categorization of the notifications</p> <p>notified - country that made the notification</p> <p>origin - country where the product originated from</p> <p>fraud - classification of fraud type</p>
Data from: Tetra-EU 1.0: a species-level trophic meta-web of European tetrapods
Motivation Documenting potential interactions between species represents a major step to understand and predict the spatial and temporal structure of multi-trophic communities and their functioning. The metaweb concept summarises the potential trophic (and non-trophic) interactions in a given species-pool. As such, it generalises the regional species-pool of community ecology by incorporating the potential relationships between species from different trophic levels along with their functional characteristics. However, while this concept is theoretically very attractive, it has rarely been used to understand the structure of ecological network, mostly because of data availability. Here, we provide a continental scale, species-level, metaweb for all tetrapods (mammals, breeding birds, reptiles, amphibians) occurring in Europe and in the Northern Mediterranean basin. This metaweb is based on data extracted from scientific literature, including published papers, books, and grey literature. Main type of variable contained For each species considered, we built the network of potential 2-way trophic interactions. Spatial location and grain We considered all species occurring in the entire European sub-continent, from Macaronesia (including only the islands politically belonging to Spain and Portugal) to the Ural Mountains (west to east), and from Fennoscandia and UK islands to the Mediterranean (north to south). We included Turkey, geographically part of Asia, to provide a complete picture of the north-eastern Mediterranean coast. Time period The data represent information published and/or collected during the last 50 years. Major taxa studied and level of measurement We focused our metaweb on terrestrial tetrapods occurring in the study area. Only species introduced in historical times and currently naturalized were considered; novel introductions were excluded. In total we included 288 mammals, 509 regularly breeding birds, 250 reptiles, and 104 amphibians. Software format Data are supplied as semi-colon separated text files.
Database populated with European diversification experiences
<p>The EU Horizon 2020 project DiverIMPACTS aims to promote the realisation of the full potential of crop diversification through rotation, multicropping and intercropping by demonstrating technical, economic and environmental benefits for famers, along the value chain and for society at large, and by providing innovations that can remove existing barriers and lock-ins of practical diffusion.</p> <p>DiverIMPACTS does so by combining findings from several participatory case studies with a set of field experiments across Europe, and translating these into strategies, recommendations and fit-for-purpose tools developed with and for farmers, advisors and other actors along the value chain.</p> <p>To first gain a good overview of the current situation, i.e. the existing success stories and challenges of crop diversification in Europe, Work Package 1 (WP 1) identified and analysed factors of success and failure associated with a variety of crop diversification experiences (CDEs) outside those already represented in the consortium (see Deliverable 1.1). WP 1 thus makes sure that the rich experience with crop diversification initiatives across Europe (e.g. from other Horizon 2020 projects) is taken into account for developing strategies, recommendations and tools.</p> <p>Deliverable 1.1 provided i) a list of key drivers (ex ante occurrence of market opportunities, environmental constraints, availability of enabling advisory services, land and workforce availability etc.) to be further considered in WP3, and WP5; and ii) a comprehensive and exhaustive description of the links between key factors and CDE types. This analysis is the basis for consolidating or updating the tentative typology of crop diversification situations used for setting up DiverIMPACTS (case studies), and was used for selecting experiences for more detailed investigations in T1.2. It also complements the identification and characterisation of lock-ins and barriers to crop diversification, and serves their overcoming. During the process of collecting, cleaning and analysing the survey data, a Database of European diversification experiences was created.</p> <p>All together 128 valid responses from 15 European countries – mainly from the project countries Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, and UK, but also from Denmark, Finland, Luxemburg and Spain were received in T1.1, and were included in the database.</p> <p>The database is stored in original and back-up form in a tabular ='.csv'= format that can be opened in Excel on the Sharepoint system of the project and now on Zenodo, under restricted WP1 area. A further ='.csv'= file was created to store the metadata of the database. This file helps to have a better overview of the questions and sub-questions that were asked in the survey and the type of answer that could be provided to each of them (e.g. factor, Yes-No selection or character).</p> <p>Using the meta data and the database, a selection of personal data fields has been made (e.g. email addresses and names of people) that cannot be published with open access, and needs special attention and data handling. These variables were removed from the original database, and a public version of the database was created that can be shared with third parties. Links to the data files will be shared here after.</p> <p>Developing a Shiny(c) application in R was chosen as a solution to visualize the public data, and make it possible for Partners and all interested parties to interactively view the survey results. The Shiny application is shared as an R-package and are freely accessible on the internet. The users have the possibility to download application and public data in order to visualize them on their own computer. A remote solution, facilitating the consultation of the data, will be installed in CRA-W, where the open data analyses module will be hosted. A short user guide and tutorial is part of this deliverable for helping interested parties to use the Shiny interface.</p> <p>The chosen approach, linking R scripts, R packages and data files, will be useful in the future in order to continiously complete the data base and to update the application (new graphs, new functions regarding the demand of the main users). The release of the application will be shared using modern technologies of information and communication : project website, newsletter, blogs, twitter and other social networks.</p> <p>The main deliverable (D1.2) which is public, is available here : 10.5281/zenodo.3966852</p>
Influence of climate, soil and land cover on plant species distribution in the European Alps
<p>Although the importance of edaphic factors and habitat structure for plant growth and survival is known, both are often neglected in favor of climatic drivers when investigating the spatial patterns of plant species and diversity. Yet, especially in mountain ecosystems with complex topography, missing edaphic and habitat components may be detrimental for a sound understanding of biodiversity distribution. Here, we compare the relative importance of climate, soil and land cover variables when predicting the distributions of 2'616 vascular plant species in the European Alps, representing approximately two thirds of all European Flora. Using presence-only data, we built point-process models (PPMs) to relate species observations to different combinations of covariates. We evaluated the PPMs through block cross-validations, and assessed the independent contributions of climate, soil and land cover covariates to predict plant species distributions using an innovative predictive partitioning approach. We found climate to be the most influential driver of spatial patterns in plant species with a relative influence of ~58.5% across all species, with decreasing importance from low to high elevations. Soil (~20.1%) and land cover (~21.4%), overall, were less influential than climate, but increased in importance along the elevation gradient. Furthermore, land cover showed strong local effects in lowlands, while the contribution of soil stabilized at mid-elevations. The decreasing influence of climate with elevation is explained by increasing endemism, and the fact that climate becomes more homogeneous as habitat diversity declines at higher altitudes. In contrast, soil predictors were found to follow the opposite trend. Additionally, at low elevations, human-mediated land cover effects appear to reduce the importance of climate predictors. We conclude that soil and land cover are, like climate, principal drivers of plant species distribution in the European Alps. While disentangling their effects remains a challenge, future studies can benefit markedly by including soil and land cover effects when predicting species distributions.</p>
Data from: Ultraconserved yet informative for species delimitation: UCEs resolve long-standing systematic enigma in Central European bees
Accurate and testable species delimitation hypotheses are essential for measuring, surveying and managing biodiversity. Today, taxonomists often rely on mitochondrial DNA barcoding to complement morphological species delimitations. Although COI barcoding has largely proven successful in assisting identifications for most animal taxa, there are nevertheless numerous cases where mitochondrial barcodes do not necessarily reflect the species history. For instance, what is regarded as one single species can be associated with two distinct DNA barcodes, which can point either to cryptic diversity or to deep within-species mitochondrial divergences with no reproductive isolation. In contrast, two or more species can share barcodes, for instance due to mitochondrial introgression. These intrinsic limitations of mitochondrial DNA barcoding can only be addressed with nuclear genomic markers, which are expensive, labour intensive, poorly repeatable, and often require high-quality DNA. To overcome these limitations, we examined the use of ultraconserved nuclear genetic elements (UCEs) as a quick and robust genomic approach to address such problematic cases of species delimitation. This genomic method was assessed using six different bee species complexes suspected to harbour cryptic diversity, mitochondrial introgression, or mitochondrial paraphyly. The sequencing of UCEs recovered between 686 and 1860 homologous nuclear loci and provided explicit species delimitation hypotheses in all investigated species complexes. These results provide strong evidence for the suitability of UCEs as a fast method for species delimitation even in recently diverged lineages. Furthermore, this study provided the first conclusive evidence for both mitochondrial introgression among distinct species, and mitochondrial paraphyly within a single bee species.
Data from: Selection on multiple sexual signals in two Central- and Eastern-European populations of the barn swallow
Variation in intensity and targets of sexual selection on multiple traits has been suggested to play a major role in promoting phenotypic differentiation between populations, although the divergence in selection may depend on year, local conditions or age. In this study, we quantified sexual selection for two putative sexual signals across two Central- and East-European barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica) populations from Czech Republic and Romania over multiple years. We then related these differences in selection to variation in sexual characters among barn swallow populations. Our results show that tail length and ventral colouration vary between populations, sexes and age classes (first-time breeders vs. experienced birds). We found that selection on tail length was stronger in first-time breeders than in experienced birds and in males than in females in the Romanian population, while these differences between age groups and sexes were weak in Czech birds. We suggest that the populational difference in selection on tail length might be related to the differences in breeding conditions. Our results show that ventral colouration is darker (i.e. has lower brightness) in the Romanian than in the Czech population, and in experienced birds and males compared with first-time breeders and females, respectively. The sexual difference in ventral colouration may suggest sexual selection on this trait, which is supported by the significant directional selection of ventral colouration in first-time breeding males on laying date. However, after controlling for the confounding effect of wing length and tarsus length, the partial directional selection gradient on this trait turned non-significant, suggesting that the advantage of dark ventral colouration in early breeding birds is determined by the correlated traits of body size. These findings show that ventral colouration may be advantageous over the breeding season, but the underlying mechanism of this relationship is not clarified.
Taxonomic revision of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) in the south-east of European Russia
<p>Morphological and phylogenetic (nrITS barcode) analyses are conducted to clarify the taxonomic status of 10 <i>Delphinium</i> species (<i>D. cuneatum, D. dyctiocarpum, D. duhmbergii</i>, <i>D. elatum, D. litwinowii</i>, <i>D. pubiflorum</i>, <i>D. puniceum, D. sergii</i>, <i>D. subcuneatum, D. uralense</i>) grown in the south-east of European Russia. The morphometric analysis is carried out with 22 quantitative and 32 qualitative parameters. Based on all parameters, the PCoA supports the differentiation of <i>D. puniceum</i>, <i>D. sergii</i>, <i>D. uralense</i> and <i>D. pubiflorum</i> whereas other studied taxa remain undistinguished. Furthermore, the Random forest analysis and the MrBayes phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences confirm the species independence of <i>D. puniceum</i> belonging to the <i>Diedropetala</i> section and <i>D. elatum</i>, <i>D. uralense</i>, <i>D. dyctiocarpum</i> and <i>D. pubiflorum</i> belonging to the <i>Delphinastrum</i> section. Finally, recursive partitioning is performed to develop the dichotomous key which can be used to differentiate between <i>Delphinium</i> species in the territory under study. In conclusion, we stress that the definition of species belonging to the <i>Delphinastrum</i> section is hindered by the presence of numerous intermediate or hybrid forms, on the one hand, and the impact of climatic conditions on the display of morphological (and specifically, taxonomically significant) traits, on the other.</p>
ISSR analysis of Tulipa suaveolens (Liliaceae) populations in the European part of the species range
<p>Tulipa suaveolens Roth is a decorative bulbous, polycarpic species in the Liliaceae family. Currently, the species populations are declining due to the degradation of natural steppes. In the present article, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 216 specimens from 22 natural T. suaveolens localities in the European part of the species range using 10 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yielded 250 unambiguous and reproducible polymorphic bands with a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.27. Neither the principal component analysis nor the clustering method split the dataset. However, the Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis detected two genetic clusters of T. suaveolens. The analysis of the biogeographical distributional pattern of the revealed genetic groups confirmed our hypothesis that the evolution and distribution of T. suaveolens were likely affected by the Early Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea and the following Enotayevsk regression. Furthermore, this hypothesis was supported by the results of the NEW HYBRIDS analysis identifying the specimens from the populations located outside the Early Khvalynian flooding limit as pure parents, while the specimens of the populations within the flooding limit were classified as backcrosses and second generation hybrids.</p>
Dataset for the submission entitled: Journal article publishing in the social sciences and humanities: a comparison of Web of Science coverage for five European countries
<p>Dataset for the manuscript submission entitled: Journal article publishing in the social sciences and humanities: a comparison of Web of Science coverage for five European countries.</p>
Weak founder effects but significant spatial genetic imprint of recent contraction and expansion of European beech populations.
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes occurring during species range shifts is important in the current context of global change. Here, we investigate the interplay between recent expansion, gene flow and genetic drift, and their consequences for genetic diversity and structure at landscape and local scales in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) On Mont Ventoux, South-Eastern France, we located beech forest refugia at the time of the most recent population minimum, approximately 150 years ago, and sampled 71 populations (2042 trees) in both refugia and expanding populations over an area of 15,000 ha. We inferred patterns of gene flow and genetic structure using 12 microsatellite markers. We identified six plots as originating from planting, rather than natural establishment, mostly from local genetic material. Comparing genetic diversity and structure in refugia versus recent populations did not support the existence of founder effects: heterozygosity (He = 0.667) and allelic richness (Ar = 4.298) were similar, and FST was low (0.031 overall). Still, significant spatial evidence of colonization was detected, with He increasing along the expansion front, while genetic differentiation from the entire pool (βWT) decreased. Isolation by distance was found in refugia but not in recently expanding populations. Our study indicates that beech capacities for colonization and gene flow were sufficient to preserve genetic diversity despite recent forest contraction and expansion. Because beech has long distance pollen and seed dispersal, these results illustrate a 'best case scenario' for the maintenance of high genetic diversity and adaptive potential under climate-change related range change.
Forest inventory data from Finland and Sweden for: Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges, plus ancillary climate data
<p>1. Species range limits are thought to result from a decline in demographic performance at range edges. However, recent studies reporting contradictory patterns in species demographic performance at their edges cast doubt on our ability to predict climate change demographic impacts. To understand these inconsistent demographic responses at the edges, we need to shift the focus from geographic to climatic edges and analyse how species responses vary with climatic constraints at the edge and species' ecological strategy.</p> <p>2. Here we parameterised integral projection models with climate and competition effects for 27 tree species using forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots across Europe. Our models estimate size-dependent climatic responses and evaluate their effects on two life trajectory metrics: lifespan and passage time - the time to grow to a large size. Then we predicted growth, survival, lifespan, and passage time at the hot and dry or cold and wet edges and compared them to their values at the species climatic centre to derive indices of demographic response at the edge. Using these indices, we investigated whether differences in species demographic response between hot and cold edges could be explained by their position along the climate gradient and functional traits related to their climate stress tolerance.</p> <p>3. We found that at cold and wet edges of European tree species, growth and passage time were constrained, whereas at their hot and dry edges, survival and lifespan were constrained. Demographic constraints at the edge were stronger for species occurring in extreme conditions, i.e. in hot edges of hot-distributed species and cold edges of cold-distributed species. Species leaf nitrogen content was strongly linked to their demographic responses at the edge. In contrast, we found only weak links with wood density, leaf size, and xylem vulnerability to embolism.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study presents a more complicated picture than previously thought with demographic responses that differ between hot and cold edges. Predictions of climate change impacts should be refined to include edge and species characteristics.</p>
Networks of Shared Manuscript Transmission for Medieval European Vernacular Languages
<p>Codices that compile different textual units in the same physical object were common in the European Middle Ages. Many reasons guided scribes when collecting a variety of works and their analysis can offer scholars insight into scribal practices and the circulation of medieval works. In order to study this shared transmission of medieval texts, methods from network analysis offer the possibility of researching the phenomenon from a general perspective and discover fundamental trends. This paper deals with the methodological and practical foundations for such an approach. </p> <p>Modern digital databases of medieval manuscripts provide a big amount of relevant data for this type of research. In this presentation, I consider three online databases, each dealing with textual witnesses in vernacular languages: Handschriftencensus (German) Jonas (French and Occitan) and Philobiblon (Iberian languages). Each of these has different criteria on data collection and data modelling. For this reason, their analysis and comparison offers insight not only on medieval manuscripts and texts, but also on the consequences of different approaches when cataloguing and describing medieval manuscripts. </p>
Multiscale drivers of carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in small European woodlands
<p><strong>Aim </strong>The spatiotemporal connectivity of forest patches in lowland agricultural landscapes and their age matter to explain current biodiversity patterns across regional as well as biogeographical extents, to the point that it exceeds the contribution of macroclimate for plant diversity in the understory of temperate forests. Whether this holds true for other taxonomic groups remains largely unknown. Yet, it has important consequences for ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services. Focusing on carabid beetle assemblages, we assessed the relative importance of macroclimatic, landscape, and patch attributes on driving local species richness (-diversity) and species dissimilarity between patches (-diversity).</p> <p><strong>Location</strong> Deciduous forest patches in seven regions along a 2,100-km long latitudinal gradient across the European temperate forest biome, from southern France to central Sweden.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> We sampled 221 forest patches in two 55-km landscape windows with contrasting management intensities. Carabid beetles were classified into four habitat-preference guilds: forest-specialist, forest-generalist, eurytopic, and open-habitat species. We quantified the multi-level environmental influence using mixed-effects models and variation partitioning analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> We found that both - and -diversity were primarily determined by macroclimate, acting as a large-scale ecological filter on carabid assemblages among regions. Forest-patch conditions, including biotic and abiotic heterogeneity as well as patch age (but not patch size), increased -diversity of forest species. Landscape management intensity weakly influenced -diversity of forest species, but increased the number of non-forest species in forest patches. Beta-diversity of non-forest species increased with patch heterogeneity and decreased with landscape management intensity.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong> Our results highlight the leading role of broad macroclimatic gradients over local and landscape factors in determining the composition of local carabid communities, thereby shedding light on macroecological patterns of arthropod assemblages. This study emphasizes the urgent need for preserving ancient forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes, even the small and weakly connected ones.</p>
Food fraud data based on the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)
<p>The data contains information on food fraud. A total of 1634 food fraud notifications for the period 2000-2020 were downloaded from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database. Each record contains detailed information on the kind of notification and the products and countries involved. Based on the description in each notification we added a variable "food fraud type" (i.e. six different types of food fraud). This dataset can be used to analyze food fraud, and a subset was used to train a Bayesian network model to predict food fraud type. This research article titled “Prediction of food fraud type using data from Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) and Bayesian network modelling” can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.026">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.026</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset column names</strong></p> <p>year - year notification was made</p> <p>product - categorization of the different products</p> <p>notification - categorization of the notifications</p> <p>notified - country that made the notification</p> <p>origin - country where the product originated from</p> <p>fraud - classification of fraud type</p>
Data from: Large-scale meta-analysis on rheumatoid arthritis across East Asian and European populations
<p><span><span><span><b>Objective:</b> Nearly 110 susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with modest effect sizes have been identified by population-based genetic association studies, suggesting a large number of undiscovered variants behind a highly polygenic genetic architecture of RA. Here, we performed the largest-ever trans-ancestral meta-analysis with the aim to identify new RA loci and to better understand RA biology underlying genetic associations.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> Genome-wide RA association summary statistics in three large case-control collections consisting of 311,292 individuals of Korean, Japanese, and European populations were used in an inverse-variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis. Several computational analyses using public omics resources were conducted to prioritize causal variants and genes, RA variant-implicating features (tissues, pathways, and transcription factors), and potentially repurposable drugs for RA treatment. </span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Results:</b> We identified 11 new RA susceptibility loci that explained 6.9% and 1.8% of the SNP-based heritability in East Asians and Europeans, respectively, and confirmed 71 known non-HLA susceptibility loci, identifying 90 independent association signals. The RA variants were preferentially located in binding sites of various transcription factors and in cell type-specific transcription-activation histone marks that simultaneously highlighted the importance of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell activation and the potential role of non-immune organs in RA pathogenesis. A total of 615 plausible effector genes, based on gene-based associations, expression-associated variants, and chromatin interaction, included targets of drugs approved for RA treatments and potentially repurposable drugs approved for other indications.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings provide useful insights regarding RA genetic etiology and variant-driven RA pathogenesis.</span></span></span></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.