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2,260 results for “Climatic change”
FIGURE 72 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 72. Summary figure showing the concentration (valves/gram) of Pantocsekiella valves (left) and other plankton (right) in Lake El'gygytgyn through the last 1.2 Ma. SEM samples taken for this study are indicated by the central column. Geochemically (Melles et al., 2012) and diatom abundance (Snyder et al., 2013) inferred climate events in the lake are indicated by the colored lines (yellow = warm productive, purple = cold productive, blue = extreme cold unproductive).
FIGURES 53–58. Representative valves from size class 2 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 53–58. Representative valves from size class 2 (5–10 µm) and size class 3 (10–15 µm). Fig. 53) size class 2 external valve from 1.029 Ma (DC1600)showing flat valve face and large central area with many fovi, Fig. 54) size class 2 external valve 1126 ka (DC1750) with dissolution, Fig. 55) size class 3 external valve from 1.3 ka (LZ31) showing four depressions with small central area, Fig. 56) size class 3 external valve 70.2 ka (LZ688) showing five depressions, Fig. 57) size class 3 external valve 198.2 ka (LZ9-155) with flat valve face, granules, and scattered central fultoportulae, Fig. 58) size class 3 internal valve 214.2 ka (LZ10-65) showing scattered central fultoportulae.
FIGURES 47–52. Representative external valves from size class 2 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 47–52. Representative external valves from size class 2 (5–10 µm). Fig. 47) Valve from 0.075 ka (LZ23) showing one central fultoportula (cf) and flat valve face with four depressions, Fig. 48) Valve from 29.12 ka (LZ491) showing flat valve face with three depressions, Fig. 49) Valve from 190.5 ka (LZ9-138) showing flat valve face with numerous fovi, Fig. 50) Valve from 198.2 ka (LZ9-155) showing flat valve face with five scattered central fultoportulae (cf), Fig 51) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 238.5 ka (LZ10-227), Fig. 52) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 417.4 ka (DC570) with white circles highlighting the clusters of central fultoportulae within the large depressions.
FIGURES 59–64. Representative valves from size class 3 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 59–64. Representative valves from size class 3 (10–15 µm). Fig. 59) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 278.8 ka (LZ11- 125), Fig. 60) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 333.2 ka (LZ12-176), Fig. 61) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 484.1 ka (DC680), Fig. 62) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550), Fig. 63) internal valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550), Fig. 64) internal valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 302.5 ka (LZ12-54).
FIGURES 41–46. Representative external valves from size class 1 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 41–46. Representative external valves from size class 1 (3–5 µm). Fig. 41) Valve from 1.029 Ma (DC1600) showing numerous fovi and two central fultoportulae (cf), Fig. 42) Valve from 952.6 ka (DC1480) showing the rimoportula placement, Fig. 43) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550) showing the rimoportula placement,, Fig. 44) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 302.5 ka (LZ12- 54) showing three depressions and three central fultoportulae, Fig. 45) Valve from 119.3 ka (LZ6-60) showing less distinct depressions, and Fig. 46) Valve from 8.28 ka (LZ366) showing P. ocellata morphology.
FIGURES 31–39 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 31–39: Representative light microscopy images of valves from ~230 ka to present. Figs. 31–33) The replacement Pantocsekiella morphology subsequent to an extreme cold event 214.2 ka (LZ10-65), Fig. 34) 159.7 ka (LZ8-67), Fig. 35) 128.2 ka (LZ6-130), Fig. 36) 24.7 ka (LZ477), Fig. 37) 70.2 ka (LZ688), Figs. 38–39) 0.075 ka (LZ23)
FIGURE 40 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 40: (Left) Mean valve diameter (VD) measured in LM and SEM for all valves spanning 1.2 Ma to present plotted next to the marine benthic stack from Lisiecki & Raymo (2005). The gray bar highlights the time between 550 to 220 ka. (Right) Mean initial cell size is plotted with the marine benthic stack and Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (Laskar et al., 2004).
FIGURES 26–30 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 26–30: Representative valves of P. elgygytgynensis from MIS Stages 9 and 11. Fig. 26) Valve from 409.9 ka (DC548), Figs. 27–28) Valves from 401.5 ka (DC536), Figs. 29–30) Valves from 327.3 ka (LZ12-143) with initial valve (Fig. 30).
FIGURES 17– 25 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 17– 25: Representative images of the P. elgygytgynensis morphology during MIS Stages 8, 10 and 12. Figs 17–18 & 24) Valves from 440.7 ka (DC620) with initial valve (Fig. 24), Fig. 19) Holotype valve from 424.1 ka (DC570) Figs 20–22, 25) Valves from 351.9 ka (DC460), Fig 23) Valve from 246.6 ka (LZ11-14).
FIGURES 12–16 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 12–16: Transitional phase in morphology moving towards generally larger valves through time. Fig. 12) 554 ka (DC770), Fig. 13) 543 ka (DC760), Fig. 14) 537 ka (DC750), Fig. 15) 519 ka (DC730), and Fig. 16) 513 ka (DC720).
FIGURE 71 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 71. Principle components analysis (PCA) biplots of A) all valves, B) size class 2, and C) size class 3. Colors represent valves from a specific time range including green (1.2 to 550 ka), red (550 to 230 ka), and blue (230 ka to present).
FIGURE 2 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 2. Measurements taken on SEM images of valves. A) external. B) internal. (VD: valve diameter, CD: central area diameter, R: rimoportula, RD: distance of the rimoportula from the margin, Striae: number of striae in 10 µm, Costae: number of costae in 10 µm, CF: number of central fultoportulae, Depressi: number of orbicular depressions, MF: number of marginal fultoportulae).
FIGURE 1 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 1. Location of Lake El'gygytgyn (top) and map of the lake hydrology (bottom) with core location 5011-1. (Modified from Nolan & Brigham-Grette, 2007)
FIGURES 3–11 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 3–11: Representative light microscopy images of Pantocsekiella from the Lake El'gygytgyn prior to 650 ka. Fig. 3) Earliest occurrence at 2.53 Ma (DC4200), Fig. 4) 1.13 MA (DC1740) Fig. 5) 1102.9 ka (DC1700), Fig. 6) 1.06 Ma (DC1644), Fig. 7) 996.2 ka (DC1550), Fig. 8) 952.6 ka (DC1480), Fig. 9) 937.9 ka (DC1460), Fig. 10) 695.3 ka (DC990), Fig. 11) 653.1 ka (DC910).
FIGURES 65–70 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 65–70. Representative valves of size class 4 (>15 µm). Fig. 65) external valve from 190.5 ka (LZ9-138), Fig. 66) internal valve from 198.2 ka (LZ9-155), Fig. 67) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 238.5 ka (LZ10-227), Fig. 68) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550), Fig. 69) internal valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 333.2 ka (LZ12-176), Fig. 70) P. elgygytgynensis initial valve internal view 302.5 ka (LZ12-54).
Lineage-level distribution models lead to more realistic climate change predictions for a threatened crayfish
<p><b>Aim: </b>As<b> </b>climate change presents a major threat to biodiversity in the next decades, it is critical to assess its impact on species habitat suitability to inform biodiversity conservation. Species distribution models (SDMs) are a widely used tool to assess climate change impacts on species' geographical distributions. As the term suggests, the species-level is the most commonly used taxonomic unit in SDMs. However, recently it has been demonstrated that SDMs considering taxonomic resolution below (or above) the species-level can make more reliable predictions of biodiversity change when different populations exhibit local adaptation. Here, we tested this idea using the Japanese crayfish (<i>Cambaroides japonicus</i>), a threatened species encompassing two geographically structured and phylogenetically distinct genetic lineages.</p> <p><span><b>Location: </b>Northern Japan.</span></p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We first estimated niche differentiation between the two lineages of <i>C. japonicus</i> using <i>n</i>-dimensional hypervolumes, then made climate change predictions of habitat suitability using SDMs constructed at two phylogenetic levels: species and intraspecific lineage.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Our results showed only intermediate niche overlap, demonstrating measurable niche differences between the two lineages. The species-level SDM made future predictions that predicted much broader and severe impacts of climate change. However, the lineage-level SDMs led to reduced climate change impacts overall, and also suggested that the eastern lineage may be more resilient to climate change than the western one.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: The two lineages of <em>C. japonicus</em> occupy different niche spaces. Compared with lineage-level models, species-level models can overestimate climate change impacts. These results not only have important implications for designing future conservation strategies for this threatened species, but also highlight the need for incorporating genetic information into SDMs to obtain realistic predictions of biodiversity change.</p>
Data from: The sensitivity of Neotoma to climate change and biodiversity loss over the late Quaternary
<p>The late Quaternary was a time of considerable environmental change in North America. Not only was climate highly variable, but a megafaunal extinction at the terminal Pleistocene led to considerable loss of biodiversity. These combined perturbations likely had cascading effects across communities and ecosystems. Here, we focus on a detailed fossil record on the Edwards Plateau in Texas and the response of <em>Neotoma</em>, a genus of herbivorous rodents, to these environmental and ecological perturbations. We characterized changes in <em>Neotoma</em> body mass and diet across the past 20,000 years; body mass was estimated using measurements of fossil teeth and diet quantified using stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope from fossil bone collagen. We found that prior to ~7,000 cal yr BP, maximum mass was positively and significantly correlated to precipitation and negatively correlated to temperature. Independently, body mass was significantly and negatively correlated to communtiy composition becoming more similar to modern over time. Moreover, while <em>Neotoma</em> diet in the Pleistocene was primarily sourced from C<sub>3</sub> resources, it became progressively more reliant on C<sub>4</sub> (and potentially CAM) plants through the Holocene. The combination of decreasing population body mass and higher C<sub>4</sub>/CAM consumption was associated with a regional transition from a mesic forest to a xeric savanna grassland. Our results suggest that <em>Neotoma</em> during the terminal Pleistocene were responding to climatic factors through changes in body size, while changes in local resource availability during the Holocene likely led to changes in the relative abundance of different <em>Neotoma</em> species in the community. </p>
Data and model code for study: Mechanistic modelling of marsh seedling establishment provides a positive outlook for coastal wetland restoration under global climate change
<p>This folder will include data and model code for study: Mechanistic modelling of marsh seedling establishment provides a positive outlook for coastal wetland restoration under global climate change.</p>
Global Fire Weather Indices - supporting data for Jain et al. 2021, Nature Climate Change
<p>Daily fire weather indices (FWI and ISI, outputs of the Canadian Fire Weather Index System) from 1979-2020 at 0.25 deg resolution. This data supports the analysis in "Observed increases in extreme fire weather driven by atmospheric humidity and temperature", Jain et al. 2021, accepted for publication in Nature Climate Change.<br> <br> Variables were processed using inputs from the ERA5 Reanalysis (hourly surface data from 1979–2020, available from <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview">https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview</a>). FWI System indices were calculated using the CFFDRS R package using the overwintering procedure outlined in McElhinny et al. 2020. </p> <p>References</p> <p>McElhinny, M., Beckers, J. F., Hanes, C., Flannigan, M., and Jain, P.: A high-resolution reanalysis of global fire weather from 1979 to 2018 – overwintering the Drought Code, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1823–1833, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1823-2020, 2020.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Long-term changes in flowering synchrony reflect climatic changes across an elevational gradient
<p>These are the data with the accompanying R code used in the article "Long-term changes in flowering synchrony reflect climatic changes across an elevational gradient", by Fisogni A, de Manincor N, Bertelsen CD, and Rafferty NE.</p> <p>We provide the raw data on flowering phenology, temperature and precipitation data in the study area, and overlap estimates used to evaluate temporal changes within and between elevations and their relationship with changing climatic variables.</p> <p>Data are .txt files with tab separated values.</p> <p>The raw dataset was created by C. David Bertelsen from field observations performed from 1984 to 2019 along a fixed transect in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA.</p>
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