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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Impact of dispersion correction in DFT-enhanced anisotropic NMR for stereochemical elucidation of flexible marine natural products
<p><strong>Supplementary Data of the article "Impact of dispersion correction in DFT-enhanced anisotropic NMR for stereochemical elucidation of flexible marine natural products."</strong></p> <p> </p>
Figure 6 in Fossil frogs (Eleutherodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) from Florida suggest overwater dispersal from the Caribbean by the Late Oligocene
Figure 6. Extant and fossil distribution of the genus Eleutherodactylus. Distribution of the five extant subgenera [distribution data of extant species from IUCN Red List under the search term Eleutherodactylus (IUCN 2019)], and fossil occurrences of the genus (references for fossil occurrences in the Supporting Information, Table S7).
Apendices(Effect of Vegetation Structure on Secondary Wind Dispersal Distance of Diaspores)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dispersed repeats for Oryza Sativa genome found by IP-method
<p><strong>Data on dispersed repeats in each chromosome of <em>Oryza sativa</em> genome. </strong></p> <p>Supplementary materials for the article: Valentina Rudenko, Eugene Korotkov "Search for dispersed repeats in the <em>Oryza sativa</em> genome using the IP-method". </p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Changing bird migration patterns have potential to enhance dispersal of alien plants from urban centres
<p>In this version I have uploaded the revised code and a list of plant species following reviewer comments in the revision process for the MS.</p>
The force field, parameters and configurations from the paper "Dispersion of hydrophilic nanoparticles in natural rubber with phospholipids"
<p>The force field, parameters and configurations from the paper "Dispersion of hydrophilic nanoparticles in natural rubber with phospholipids"</p>
Figure 1 in Potential seed dispersal of cumbaru (Dipteryx alata) by fruit-eating bats (Artibeus sp.) in a Brazilian urban context
Figure 1: Location of the bat roost (yellow point) monitored, in the urban area (blue circle) of the municipality of Cáceres, Central-Southern region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil.
Figure 2 in Potential seed dispersal of cumbaru (Dipteryx alata) by fruit-eating bats (Artibeus sp.) in a Brazilian urban context
Figure 2: Potential seed dispersal of Dipteryx alata by Artibeus sp. (A) Cerrado riparian forest located in an urban area of the municipality of Cáceres,Mato Grosso (Brazil) where potentially cumbaru tree (D. alata) is present, (B) roosting site used by two individuals of Artibeus sp. monitored for 21 consecutive days to quantify cumbaru frugivory and seed dispersal (C and D).
Fig. 3 in Seed dispersal effectiveness: A comparison of four bird species feeding on seeds of invasive Acacia cyclops in South Africa
Fig. 3. Geographic distribution (i.e. green colour) of the studied bird species in Southern Africa, namely, the frugivorous (a) Knysna turaco Tauraco corythaix, and (b) the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio, (c) the granivorous red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata, and (d) the laughing dove S.senegalensis (SABAP 2 http://www.adu.org.za/ accessed 23 June 2015).
Fig. 2 in Seed dispersal effectiveness: A comparison of four bird species feeding on seeds of invasive Acacia cyclops in South Africa
Fig. 2. Seed dispersal effectiveness (i.e. a product of germination rates (quality) and average adult body mass as proxy for seed load (quantity) for different bird species that ingested seeds of Acacia cyclops: the frugivorous Knysna turaco Tauraco corythaix, and the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio, the granivorous red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata, and the laughing dove S. senegalensis. Different letters above the bars show statistically significant difference. Error bars show standard error of mean.
Fig. 1 in Seed dispersal effectiveness: A comparison of four bird species feeding on seeds of invasive Acacia cyclops in South Africa
Fig. 1. Seed dispersal quality (i.e. mean germination rates % ± SE) for untreated (experimental control) and gut-passed Acacia cyclops seeds through different bird species:the frugivorous Knysna turaco Tauraco corythaix, and the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio, the granivorous red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata, and the laughing dove S. senegalensis. Different letters above the bars show statistically significant difference. Error bars show standard error of mean.
Species and plot characteristics for River restoration effects on dispersal and the development of riparian seed bank: Do poor seed banks limit restoration of boreal riparian zones?
<p>Vegetation composition in boreal streams in the standing vegetation and the seed bank, </p>
Data from: Scale-specific sex-biased dispersal in the Valais shrew unveiled by genetic variation on the Y chromosome, autosomes, and mitochondrial DNA
We investigated sex-specificities in the evolutionary processes shaping Y chromosome, autosomes and mitochondrial DNA patterns of genetic structure in the Valais shrew (Sorex antinorii), a mountain dwelling species with a hierarchical distribution. Both hierarchical analyses of variance and isolation-by-distance analyses revealed patterns of population structure that were not consistent across maternal, paternal and bi-parentally inherited markers. Differentiation on a Y microsatellite was lower than expected from the comparison with autosomal microsatellites and mtDNA, and it was mostly due to genetic variance among populations within valleys, while the opposite was observed on other markers. In addition, there was no pattern of isolation-by-distance for the Y, while there was strong isolation-by-distance on mtDNA and autosomes. We use a hierarchical island model of coancestry dynamics to discuss the relative roles of the micro-evolutionary forces that may induce such patterns. We conclude that sex-biased dispersal is the most important driver of the observed genetic structure, but with an intriguing twist: it seems that dispersal is strongly male-biased at large spatial scale, while it is mildly biased in favour of females at local scale. These results add to recent reports of scale-specific sex-biased dispersal patterns, and emphasize the usefulness of the Y chromosome in conjunction with mtDNA and autosomes to infer sex-specificities.
Data from: Food availability modulates differences in parental effort between dispersing and philopatric birds
Dispersal entails costs and might have to be traded off against other life-history traits. Dispersing and philopatric individuals may thus exhibit alternative life-history strategies. Importantly, these differences could also partly be modulated by environmental variation. Our previous results in a patchy population of a small passerine, the collared flycatcher, suggest that, as breeding density, a proxy of habitat quality, decreases, dispersing individuals invest less in reproduction but maintain a stable oxidative balance, whereas philopatric individuals maintain a high reproductive investment at the expense of increased oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed at experimentally testing whether these observed differences between dispersing and philopatric individuals across a habitat quality gradient were due to food availability, a major component of habitat quality in this system. We provided additional food for the parents to use during the nestling rearing period and we measured subsequent parental reproductive effort (through provisioning rate, adult body mass, and plasmatic markers of oxidative balance) and reproductive output. Density-dependent differences between dispersing and philopatric parents in body mass and fledging success were observed in control nests but not in supplemented nests. However, density-dependent differences in oxidative state were not altered by the supplementation. Altogether, our results support our hypothesis that food availability is responsible for some of the density-dependent differences observed in our population between dispersing and philopatric individuals but other mechanisms are also at play. Our study further emphasizes the need to account for environmental variation when studying the association between dispersal and other traits.
Data from: Diversifying selection and color-biased dispersal in the asp viper
Background: The presence of intraspecific color polymorphism can have multiple impacts on the ecology of a species; as a consequence, particular color morphs may be strongly selected for in a given habitat type. For example, the asp viper (Vipera aspis) shows a high level of color polymorphism. A blotched morph (cryptic) is common throughout its range (central and western Europe), while a melanistic morph is frequently found in montane populations, presumably for thermoregulatory reasons. Besides, rare atypical uniformly colored individuals are known here and there. Nevertheless, we found in a restricted treeless area of the French Alps, a population containing a high proportion (>50%) of such specimens. The aim of the study is to bring insight into the presence and function of this color morph by (i) studying the genetic structure of these populations using nine microsatellite markers, and testing for (ii) a potential local diversifying selection and (iii) differences in dispersal capacity between blotched and non-blotched vipers. Results: Our genetic analyses support the occurrence of local diversifying selection for the non-blotched phenotype. In addition, we found significant color-biased dispersal, blotched individuals dispersing more than atypical individuals. Conclusion: We hypothesize that, in this population, the non-blotched phenotype possess an advantage over the typical one, a phenomenon possibly due to a better background matching ability in a more open habitat. In addition, color-biased dispersal might be partly associated with the observed local diversifying selection, as it can affect the genetic structure of populations, and hence the distribution of color morphs.
Data from: Impact of the spatial uncertainty of seed dispersal on tree colonization dynamics in a temperate forest
An aggregated distribution of dispersed seeds may influence the colonization process in tree communities via inflated spatial uncertainty. To evaluate this possibility, we studied 10 tree species in a temperate forest: one primarily barochorous, six anemochorous and two endozoochorous species. A statistical model was developed by combining an empirical seed dispersal kernel with a gamma distribution of seedfall density, with parameters that vary with distance. In the probability density, the fitted models showed that seeds of Fagaceae (primarily barochorous) and Betulaceae (anemochorous) were disseminated locally (i.e., within 60 m of a mother tree), whereas seeds of Acer (anemochorous) and endozoochorous species were transported farther. Greater fecundity compensated for the lower probability of seed dispersal over long distances for some species. Spatial uncertainty in seedfall density was much greater within 60 m of a mother tree than farther away, irrespective of dispersal mode, suggesting that seed dispersal is particularly aggregated in the vicinity of mother trees. Simulation results suggested that such seed dispersal patterns could lead to sites in the vicinity of a tree being occupied by other species that disperse seeds from far away. We speculate that this process could promote coexistence by making the colonization rates of the species more similar on average and equalizing species fitness in this temperate forest community.
Data from: A phylogeographical survey of a highly dispersive spider reveals eastern Asia as a major glacial refugium for Palaearctic fauna
Aim: The phylogeographical history of wide-ranging Palaearctic species is not well understood. Here, we present a range-wide phylogeographical study of the wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772), a highly dispersive and widely distributed Palaearctic species. We aim to identify glacial refugia and patterns of interglacial gene flow across the Palaearctic. Location: Palaearctic region, including the Azores, Madeira, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Methods: We conduct a range-wide phylogeographical survey. Our study is based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, as well as morphological characters. We use species distribution models to predict the species' current range as well as its historical distribution during and shortly after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results: All analysed genetic markers and morphological characters support the divergence of a lineage in eastern Asia from the remainder of the Palaearctic. Within the Western Palaearctic, a less pronounced divergence into an Azorean and a European clade is found. Species distribution models predict a pronounced loss of suitable habitat for Western Palaearctic lineages during the LGM, whereas the range of East Asian populations remained largely unaffected. Main conclusions: Our results highlight the existence of non-European glacial refugia for Palaearctic species, particularly in East Asia. The current genetic structure is best explained by the recent recolonization of the Western Palaearctic from eastern Asia, or repeated interglacial contact of populations.
Data from: Dispersal versus environmental filtering in a dynamic system: drivers of vegetation patterns and diversity along stream riparian gradients
1. Both environmental filtering and dispersal filtering are known to influence plant species distribution patterns and biodiversity. Particularly in dynamic habitats, however, it remains unclear whether environmental filtering (stimulated by stressful conditions) or dispersal filtering (during re-colonization events) dominates in community assembly, or how they interact. Such a fundamental understanding of community assembly is critical to the design of biodiversity conservation and restoration strategies. 2. Stream riparian zones are species-rich dynamic habitats. They are characterized by steep hydrological gradients likely to promote environmental filtering, and by spatiotemporal variation in the arrival of propagules likely to promote dispersal filtering. We quantified the contributions of both filters by monitoring natural seed arrival (dispersal filter) and experimentally assessing germination, seedling survival and growth of 17 riparian plant species (environmental filter) along riparian gradients of three lowland streams that were excavated to bare substrate for restoration. Subsequently, we related spatial patterns in each process to species distribution and diversity patterns after 1 and 2 years of succession. 3. Patterns in initial seed arrival were very clearly reflected in species distribution patterns in the developing vegetation and were more significant than environmental filtering. However, environmental filtering intensified towards the wet end of the riparian gradient, particularly through effects of flooding on survival and growth, which strongly affected community diversity and generated a gradient in the vegetation. Strikingly, patterns in seed arrival foreshadowed the gradient that developed in the vegetation; seeds of species with adult optima at wetter conditions dominated seed arrival at low elevations along the riparian gradient while seeds of species with drier optima arrived higher up. Despite previous assertions suggesting a dominance of environmental filtering, our results demonstrate that nonrandom dispersal may be an important driver of early successional riparian vegetation zonation and biodiversity patterns as well. 4. Synthesis: Our results demonstrate (and quantify) the strong roles of both environmental and dispersal filtering in determining plant community assemblies in early successional dynamic habitats. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dispersal filtering can already initiate vegetation gradients, a mechanism that may have been overlooked along many environmental gradients where interspecific interactions are (temporarily) reduced.
Data from: Oceanographic currents and local ecological knowledge indicate, and genetics does not refute, a contemporary pattern of larval dispersal for the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus in the South-East Asian archipelago
Here we utilize a combination of genetic data, oceanographic data, and local ecological knowledge to assess connectivity patterns of the ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) in the South-East Asian archipelago from Vietnam to Australia. Partial mitochondrial DNA control region and 10 polymorphic microsatellites did not detect genetic structure of 216 wild P. ornatus samples from Australia, Indonesia and Vietnam. Analyses show no evidence for genetic differentiation among populations (mtDNA control region sequences ΦST = -0.008; microsatellite loci FST = 0.003). A lack of evidence for regional or localized mtDNA haplotype clusters, or geographic clusters of microsatellite genotypes, reveals a pattern of high gene flow in P. ornatus throughout the South-East Asian Archipelago. This lack of genetic structure may be due to the oceanography-driven connectivity of the pelagic lobster larvae between spawning grounds in Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and, possibly, Indonesia. The connectivity cycle necessitates three generations. The lack of genetic structure of P. ornatus population in the South-East Asian archipelago has important implications for the sustainable management of this lobster in that the species within the region needs to be managed as one genetic stock.
Data from: Parentage analysis of Ansell's mole-rat family groups indicates a high reproductive skew despite relatively relaxed ecological constraints on dispersal
To better understand evolutionary pathways leading to eusociality, interspecific comparisons are needed, which would use a common axis, such as that of reproductive skew, to array species. African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) provide an outstanding model of social evolution because of a wide range of social organizations within a single family; however, their reproductive skew is difficult to estimate, due to their cryptic lifestyle. A maximum skew could theoretically be reached in groups where reproduction is monopolized by a stable breeding pair, but the value could be decreased by breeding-male and breeding-female turnover, shared reproduction and extra-group mating. The frequency of such events should be higher in species or populations inhabiting mesic environments with relaxed ecological constraints on dispersal. To test this prediction, we studied patterns of parentage and relatedness within 16 groups of Ansell's mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) in mesic miombo woodland. Contrary to expectation, there was no shared reproduction (more than one breeder of a particular sex) within the studied groups, and proportion of immigrants and offspring not assigned to current breeding males was low. The within-group parentage and relatedness patterns observed resemble arid populations of 'eusocial' Fukomys damarensis, rather than a mesic population of 'social' Cryptomys hottentotus. As a possible explanation, we propose that the extent ecological conditions affect reproductive skew may be markedly affected by life history and natural history traits of the particular species and genera.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.