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4,243 results for “seasonality”
Seasonal upwelling forecasts in the California Current System
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Daily mean upwelling forecasts used for analysis in Amaya et al. <em>in review</em>, "Seasonal upwelling forecasts in the California Current System". Forecasts are based on daily mean wind stress data from four initialized hindcasts: CanESM5, CanCM4i, CESM1, and GFDL-SPEAR. Forecasts are for the period 1991-2021.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
ACCESS-ESM-1.5 net-zero emissions 1000-year long simulations: Seasonal temperature and precipitation gridded data with area-average timeseries of temperature, precipitation and sea ice data
<p>NetCDF files used in analysis shown in King et al. (2024) https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2023-2961/.</p> <p>Seasonal-average mapped 1.5 metre air temperature temperature data are in NetCDFs with "fld_s03i236" in their name. These files are for boreal summer "JJA" or boreal winter "DJF". The "B20__" represents the start year of the net-zero emissions simulation from which these data are drawn. These files each have 1000 time-steps and the data are in native resolution of ACCESS-ESM-1.5: 1.875 degrees longitude by 1.25 degrees latitude.</p> <p>Seasonally-averaged precipitation rate (kg/m2/s) data are in NetCDFs with "fld_s05i216" in their name. Seasons and simulation information follow the same format as the temperature files.</p> <p>The file "ts_gwl.nc" includes several timeseries used in the paper including global-average SST ("TEMP_SURFACE"), global mean ocean temperature ("TEMP_GLOBAL"), and March/September Arctic ("ICEN") and Antarctic ("ICES") sea ice extent.</p> <p>The scripts used to make the Figures are included and run using IDL version 9.0. </p> <p>For any advice on using these files please feel free to contact me: andrew.king@unimelb.edu.au.</p>
Data from: Effect of lianas on forest-level tree carbon accumulation does not differ between seasons: results from a liana removal experiment in Panama
1. Lianas are prevalent in Neotropical forests, where liana-tree competition can be intense, resulting in reduced tree growth and survival. The ability of lianas to grow relative to trees during the dry season suggests that liana-tree competition is also strongest in the dry season. If correct, the predicted intensification of the drying trend over large areas of the tropics in the future may therefore intensify liana-tree competition, resulting in a reduced carbon sink function of tropical forests. However, no study has established whether the liana effect on tree carbon accumulation is indeed stronger in the dry than in the wet season. 2. Using six years of data from a large-scale liana removal experiment in Panama, we provide the first experimental test of whether liana effects on tree carbon accumulation differ between seasons. We monitored tree and liana diameter increments at the beginning of the dry and wet season each year to assess seasonal differences in forest-level carbon accumulation between removal and control plots. 3. We found that median liana carbon accumulation was consistently higher in the dry ( 0.52 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the wet season (0.36 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), and significantly so in three of the years. Lianas reduced forest-level median tree carbon accumulation more severely in the wet (1.45 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the dry (1.05 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) season in all years. However, the relative effect of lianas was similar between the seasons, with lianas reducing forest-level tree carbon accumulation by 46.9% in the dry and 48.5% in the wet season. 4. Synthesis: Our results provide the first experimental demonstration that lianas do not have a stronger competitive effect on tree carbon accumulation during the dry season. Instead, lianas compete significantly with trees during both seasons, indicating a large negative effect of lianas on forest-level tree biomass increment regardless of seasonal water stress. Longer dry seasons are unlikely to impact liana-tree competition directly; however, the greater liana biomass increment during dry seasons may lead to further proliferation of liana biomass in tropical forests, with consequences for their ability to store and sequester carbon.
SUMMER-MUSTARD (Summer season Multi-cross Urban Signalized Traffic Aggregated Region Dataset)
<p>Dataset release for ECML-PKDD 2021 paper</p> <p><em>OBELISC: Oscillator-Based Modelling and Control using Efficient Neural Learning for Road Traffic Signal Offset Calculation</em></p> <p><em>Cristian Axenie, Daniele Foroni, Alexander Wieder, Mohamad Al Hajj Hassan, Paolo Sottovia, Margherita Grossi, Rongye Shi, Stefano Bortoli, Götz Brasche</em></p> <p>SUMMER-MUSTARD (Summer season Multi-cross Urban Signalized Traffic Aggregated Region Dataset) real-world dataset, contains 59 days of real urban road traffic data from 8 crosses in a city in China.<br> </p>
Data from: Dry season survival of juvenile salmonids in an intermittent coastal stream
We estimated dry season survival of imperiled salmonids in an intermittent coastal stream in California across four years (2009-2012). Our study encompassed two dry and two wet winters allowing us to explore patterns of survival across and within dry seasons with different antecedent precipitation. Apparent survival of age-0+ steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was higher following wet winters compared to dry winters. Moreover, antecedent precipitation was positively correlated with cumulative survival of age-0+ steelhead. Within years, apparent survival of steelhead varied among weeks with a tendency to decrease in the late summer indicating that fish exhibited some resistance to seasonal drought. Additionally, we found a slight but significant survival advantage for age-0+ coho salmon (O. kisutch) compared to equal-aged steelhead. Our results emphasize the influence of antecedent precipitation in driving the survival of imperiled salmonids and highlight that these fishes are somewhat resistant to seasonal drought, at least to a point.
On farm field experiments testing TOMRES rootstocks under water stress (Season 2019-2020)
<p>This experiment aims to test EDYPRO biostimulants on farm application. The commercial variety Elpida F1 was either treated with biostimulants or not and cultivated under 2 water/nutritional regimens (standard water/nutrient supply vs 20% irrigation reduction/no nutrient supply).</p>
Determinants of heart rate in Svalbard reindeer reveal mechanisms of seasonal energy management
<p>Seasonal energetic challenges may constrain an animal's ability to respond to changing individual and environmental conditions. Here we investigated variation in heart rate, a well-established proxy for metabolic rate, in Svalbard reindeer, a species with strong seasonal changes in foraging and metabolic activity. In 19 adult females we recorded heart rate, subcutaneous temperature and activity using biologgers. Mean heart rate more than doubled from winter to summer. Typical drivers of energy expenditure, such as reproduction and activity, explained a relatively limited amount of variation (2–6% in winter and 16–24% in summer), compared to seasonality which explained 75% of annual variation in heart rate. The relationship between heart rate and subcutaneous temperature depended on individual state via body mass, age and reproductive status, and the results suggested that peripheral heterothermy is an important pathway of energy management in both winter and summer. While the seasonal plasticity in energetics make Svalbard reindeer well-adapted to their highly seasonal environment, intraseasonal constraints on modulation of their heart rate may limit their ability to respond to severe environmental change. This study emphasizes the importance of encompassing individual state and seasonal context when studying energetics in free-living animals.</p>
Data from: Seasonal changes in diet and toxicity in the Climbing Mantella frog (Mantella laevigata)
Poison frogs acquire chemical defenses from the environment for protection against potential predators. These defensive chemicals are lipophilic alkaloid toxins that are sequestered by poison frogs from dietary arthropods and stored in skin glands. Despite decades of research focusing on identifying poison frog toxins, we know relatively little about how environmental variation and subsequent arthropod availability impacts toxicity in poison frogs. We investigated how seasonal environmental variation influences poison frog toxin profiles through changes in the diet of the Climbing Mantella (Mantella laevigata). We collected M. laevigata females on the Nosy Mangabe island reserve in Madagascar during the wet and dry seasons and tested the hypothesis that seasonal differences in temperature and rainfall are associated with changes in the diet and skin toxin profiles of M. laevigata. The arthropod diet of each frog was characterized into five groups (i.e. ants, termites, mites, larvae and other) using visual identification and cytochrome oxidase 1 DNA barcoding. We found that frog diet differed between the wet and dry seasons, where frogs had a more diverse diet in the wet season and consumed a higher percentage of ants in the dry season. To determine if these differences in diet were associated with variation in frog defensive chemical composition, we used gas chromatography / mass spectrometry to quantify toxins from individual skin samples. Although the assortment of identified toxins was similar across seasons, we detected significant differences in the abundance of certain alkaloids, which we hypothesize reflects seasonal variation in the diet of M. laevigata. We suggest that tThese variations could originate from seasonal changes in either arthropod leaf litter composition or changes in frog behavioral patterns between wet and dry seasons. Although additional studies are needed to understand the consequences of long-term environmental shifts, this work suggests that toxin profiles are relatively robust against short-term environmental perturbations.
R code to accompany 'Teleconnection-based evaluation of seasonal forecast quality''
<p>R code for the diagnostic published in 'Teleconnection-based evaluation of seasonal forecast quality' DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05327-x</p>
Nitrogen addition amplifies the nonlinear drought response of grassland productivity to extended growing-season droughts
<p>Understanding the response of grassland production and carbon exchange to intra-annual variation in precipitation and nitrogen addition is critical for sustainable grassland management and ecosystem restoration. We introduced growing-season drought treatments of different lengths (15, 30, 45 and 60 day drought) by delaying growing-season precipitation in a long-term nitrogen addition experiment in a low diversity meadow steppe in northeast China. Response variables included aboveground biomass (AGB), ecosystem net carbon exchange (NEE), and leaf net carbon assimilation rate (<i>A</i>). In unfertilized plots drought decreased AGB by 13.7% after a 45 day drought and 31.7% after a 60 day drought (47.6% in fertilized plots). Progressive increases in the drought response of NEE were also observed. The effects of N addition on the drought response of productivity increased as drought duration increased, and these responses were a function of changes in AGB and biomass allocation, particularly root to shoot ratio. However, no significant effects of drought occurred in fertilized or unfertilized plots in the growing season a year after the experiment, N addition did limit the recovery of AGB from severe drought during the remainder of the current growing season. Our results imply that chronic N enrichment could exacerbate the effects of growing-season drought on grassland productivity caused by altered precipitation seasonality under climate change, but that these effects do not carry over to the next growing season.</p>
A small vocal repertoire during the breeding season expresses complex behavioral motivations and individual signature in the Common Coot
<p><b>Backgroun</b><b>d:</b> Although acoustic communication plays an essential role in the social interactions of Rallidae, our knowledge of how Rallidae encode diverse types of information using simple vocalizations is limited. We recorded and examined the vocalizations of a Common Coot (<i>Fulica atra</i>) population during the breeding season to test the hypotheses that 1) different call types can be emitted under different behavioral contexts, and 2) variation in the vocal structure of a single call type may be influenced both by behavioral motivations and individual signature. We measured a total of 61 recordings of 30 adults while noting the behavioral activities in which individuals were engaged. We compared several acoustic parameters of the same call type emitted under different behavioral activities to determine how frequency and temporal parameters changed depending on behavioral motivations and individual differences.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>We found that adult Common Coots had a small vocal repertoire, including 4 types of call, composed of a single syllable that was used during 9 types of behaviors. The 4 calls significantly differed in both frequency and temporal parameters and can be clearly distinguished by discriminant function analysis. Minimum frequency of fundamental frequency (F<sub>0min</sub>) and duration of syllable (T) contributed the most to acoustic divergence between calls. Call <i>a</i> was the most commonly used (in 8 of the 9 behaviors detected), and maximum frequency of fundamental frequency (F<sub>0max</sub>) and interval of syllables (TI) contributed the most to variation in call <i>a</i>. Duration of syllable (T) in a single call <i>a</i> can vary with different behavioral motivations after individual vocal signature being controlled.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> These results demonstrate that several call types of a small repertoire, and a single call with function-related changes in the temporal parameter in Common Coots could potentially indicate various behavioral motivations and individual signature. This study advances our knowledge of how Rallidae use "simple" vocal systems to express diverse motivations and provides new models for future studies on the role of vocalization in avian communication and behavior.</p>
Many roads to success: Different combinations of life-history traits provide accurate germination timing in seasonally dry environments
Germination timing is determined by several plant life-history traits. Seed dormancy regulates the time and place of early plant development and spreads recruitment risks over time. Dispersal phenology and syndrome can influence germination timing and buffer spatial heterogeneity. The ecological requirements for germination (the germination niche) can also influence when and where germination takes place. To date, the relative importance of each of these four traits to ensure the phenological adaptation of individual species in diverse communities remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the functional interactions among them and their relevance in heterogenous, seasonally dry environments. We collected seed dispersal phenology and syndrome for 82 species of the Brazilian savanna (cerrado) and evaluated the dormancy and germination behavior of the seeds of every taxon. Based on these data, we developed two new ecological indexes to estimate the likelihood of a non-dormant seed to germinate upon dispersal (∆G) and the overall variability of germination through time (σT). We then evaluated the influence of each trait on germination timing within a phylogenetically controlled framework. Our results show that even though germination is concentrated at the beginning of the rainy season, seed dispersal takes place year-round. Non-dormant seeds released during the dry season were characterized by high ∆G values that delayed their germination until the onset of the favorable season. Simultaneously, seed dormancy and spatial dispersal (i.e., the two risk-reduction mechanisms) were negatively correlated as dormancy and high σT values were only prevalent in seeds with reduced spatial dispersal ability. We conclude that the timing of seed germination is ultimately the net outcome of adaptive interactions among life-history traits, which can result in multiple functionally equivalent phenotypes. It is possible that this might contribute to community diversity by providing opportunities for the coexistence of different species.
Energy-water and seasonal variations in climate underlie the spatial distribution patterns of gymnosperms species richness in China
<p>Studying the pattern of species richness is crucial in understanding the diversity and distribution of organisms in the earth. Climate and human influences are the major driving factors that directly influence the large-scale distributions of plant species, including gymnosperms. Understanding how gymnosperms respond to climate, topography, and human-induced changes is useful in predicting the impacts of global change. Here, we attempt to evaluate how climatic and human-induced processes could affect the spatial richness patterns of gymnosperms in China. Initially, we divided a map of the country into grid cells of 50 × 50 km<sup>2 </sup>spatial resolution and plotted the geographical coordinate distribution occurrence of 236 native gymnosperm taxa. The gymnosperm taxa were separated into three response variables: (i) all species, (ii) endemic species, and (iii) non-endemic species, based on their distribution. The species richness patterns of these response variables to four predictor sets were also evaluated: (i) energy-water, (ii) climatic seasonality, (iii) habitat heterogeneity, and (iv) human influences. We performed generalized linear models (GLMs) and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effect of predictors on spatial richness patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was highest in the southwestern mountainous area and Taiwan in China. We found a significant relationship between the predictor variable set and species richness pattern. Further, our findings provide evidence that climatic seasonality is the most important factor in explaining distinct fractions of variations in the species richness patterns of all studied response variables. Moreover, it was found that energy-water was the best predictor set to determine the richness pattern of all species and endemic species, while habitat-heterogeneity has a better influence on non-endemic species. Therefore, we conclude that with the current climate fluctuations as a result of climate change and increasing human activities, gymnosperms might face a high risk of extinction.</p>
Figure 1 in Orchid bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) are seasonal in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, southern Brazil
Figure 1. Orchid bee phenology in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, (A-C) Eufriesea violacea, (D-G) Euglossa cordata, (H-I) Eulaema nigrita.
Figure 2 in Do male tree frogs feed during the breeding season? Stomach flushing of five syntopic hylid species in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 2. Frequency of animal items ingested by 50 calling male frogs per species.
Figure 1 in Do male tree frogs feed during the breeding season? Stomach flushing of five syntopic hylid species in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 1. Frequency of animal and plant items ingested by 50 calling male frogs per species.
Figure 1 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 1. Geographic location of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco in the state of Goiás, central Brazil. Sampling sites 2-8, 11 and 13 are currently flooded by the João Leite Reservoir.
Figure 6 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 6. Species of reptiles recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Eunectes murinus, (B) Spilotes pullatus pullatus, (C) Apostolepis albicollares, (D) Atractus albuquerquei, (E) Erythrolamprus reginae macrosoma, (F) Hydrodynastes gigas, (G) Oxyrhopus petolarius digitalis, (H) Oxyrhopus guibei, (I) Philodryas olfersii, (J) Sibynomorphus mikanii mikanii, (K) Taeniophallus occipitalis, (L) Xenodon merremii, (M) Bothrops moojeni, (N) Crotalus durissus collilineatus (Photo "F" by D. Lopes).
Figure 2 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 2. Species of anurans recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Rhinella sebbeni, (B) Rhinella diptycha, (C) Barycholos ternetzi, (D) Proceratophrys goyana, (E) Odontophrynus cultripes, (F) Boana albopunctata, (G) Boana lundii, (H) Boana paranaiba, (I) Boana raniceps, (J) Dendropsophus cruzi, (K) Dendropsophus minutus, (L) Dendropsophus nanus, (M) Dendropsophus rubicundulus, (N) Pseudis bolbodactyla, (O) Scinax constrictus.
Figure 4 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 4. Species of anurans recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Physalaemus nattereri, (B) Pseudopaludicola facureae, (C) Chiasmocleis albopunctata, (D) Elachistocleis cesarii, (E) Dermatonotus muelleri.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.