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FIGURES 53–58. 53 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

FIGURES 53–58. 53. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) cuneatus of the E. cuneatus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from southwest slope of Pico Turquino at Pico Cardero, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 54. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) cundalli of the E. cundalli Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from Quick Step, Trelawny, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 55. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) gossei of the E. gossei Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 2.9 km N Port Maria, St. Mary, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 56. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) jamaicensis of the E. jamaicensis Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 4.2 km W Ecclesdown, Portland, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 57. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) luteolus of the E. luteolus Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 7.0 km WSW Old Hope, Westmoreland, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 58. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) nubicola of the E. nubicola Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 1.3 km W Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges.

FIGURES 82–85. 82 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

FIGURES 82–85. 82. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) leprus of the E. leprus Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 83. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) dennisi of the E. longipes Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from El Panehan Cave, 4.8 km N Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Photo by J. A. Campbell. 84. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) marnockii of the E. marnockii Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from San Marcos, Texas. Photo by D. G. Barker. 85. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) teretistes of the E. modestus Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from 5 km NW Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman.

FIGURE 77 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

FIGURE 77. Distribution of the subgenera Pelorius and Schwartzius (Hispaniola), and the Subgenus Syrrhophus (Cuba, North America, and Central America), Genus Eleutherodactylus, Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae, Family Eleutherodactylidae. The distribution of Schwartzius is completely within that of Pelorius.

FIGURES 73–76. 73 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

FIGURES 73–76. 73. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) lentus of the E. lentus Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 74. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pictissimus of the E. lentus Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from 5.8 km S Pestel, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 75. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) ricordii of the E. ricordii Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from 1–2 km E Boca de Yumurí, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 76. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) zugi of the E. zugi Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges.

FIGURES 78–81. 78 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

FIGURES 78–81. 78. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) inoptatus of the E. inoptatus Species Series, from 13 km SSW La Guazara, Barahona, Dominican Republic. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 79. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) nortoni of the E. inoptatus Species Series, from 6.5 km SW Seguin, Sud'Est, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 80. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) aporostegus of the E. ruthae Species Series, from 5–6 km NW Les Platons, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 81. Eleutherodactylus (Schwartzius) counouspeus from 13.5 km N Camp Perrin, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences

FIGURE 2. Strict consensus tree of Faberia and relatives based ITS sequences. Tree length = 1227 steps, CI = 0.50, RI = 0.55, and RC = 0.28. Bootstrap values greater than 50% are above the lines and Bayesian posterior probabilities are below the lines.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogeny of Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Faberia in central and southwestern China based on field observations and herbarium collections.

FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogeny of Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences

FIGURE 4. Phylogram of Faberia and relatives derived from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nrDNA data. Values above each branch are branch length.

FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogeny of Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences

FIGURE 3. Strict consensus tree of Faberia and relatives based on the combined chloroplast sequences. Tree length = 624, CI = 0.83, RI = 0.67, and RC = 0.56. Bootstrap values greater than 50% are above the lines and Bayesian posterior probabilities are below the lines.

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Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Acanthochitonina (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Chitonida): three new mitochondrial genomes, rearranged gene orders and systematics

Figure 2. Molecular phylogeny of Acanthochitonina. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the multilocus nucleotide data set, which includes three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers. Additional phylogenetic results are available in the Supplemental File 2. Note the proposed taxonomic arrangements shown by vertical lines. Numbers at nodes are support values from posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap proportions, respectively. Scale bar is in substitutions per site.

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Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of Acanthochitonina (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Chitonida): three new mitochondrial genomes, rearranged gene orders and systematics

Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships and gene arrangements of available chiton mitochondrial genomes. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the mitochondrial genome nucleotide data set (outgroup taxa is omitted for simplicity). Identical topologies were recovered from all other analyses of mitochondrial genome data sets (see main text). Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap proportions, respectively. Scale bar is in substitutions per site. Mitochondrial gene orders of Haliotis rubra (Gastropoda), Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda) and Solemya velum (Bivalvia) are shown for comparison. Genes encoded by the minus strand are underlined; rearranged genes are highlighted in red (translocations) and green (changes of coding strands).

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of major lineages of the avian family Phasianidae inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences

Figure 1. Molecular phylogenetic tree derived from complete DNA sequences of the 12 mitochondrial protein-coding genes using Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis. The numbers beside the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95 retained) and bootstrap proportions (≥ 50% retained). Anas platyrhynchos was set as outgroup. ∗demonstrates that MP analysis does not support this branch.

Figure 17 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species

Figure 17. Summaries of selected phylogenetic relationships recovered from parsimony analysis of multiple alignments obtained using different gap opening and gap extension parameter combinations in Clustal W. Half-filled cells indicate that the given relationship was recovered in some but not all of the MPTs obtained with that parameter combination.

Figures 14–16. Female M in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species

Figures 14–16. Female M. roa sp. nov. (14) wings; (15) foretarsal claws; and (16) carapace, median tergites 2 and 3.

Figure 18 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species

Figure 18. Bootstrap consensus tree derived from analysis of elised matrix comprising all 21 individual multiple alignments.

FIGURE 2 in Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)

FIGURE 2. Bayesian tree obtained from the combined data set (c-mos, RAG2, 12S & 16S rRNA, cytochrome b and ND4; 90 taxa, 3950 sites). Nodes with values are supported by ML bootstrap values above 70% (first value) and/or by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 95% (second value). The genera Stenophis and Lamprophis are each polyphyletic. The genus Mehelya is paraphyletic with respect to Gonionotophis.

FIGURE 1 in Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)

FIGURE 1. Bayesian tree obtained from the nuclear data set (c-mos and RAG2; 31 taxa, 1263 sites). Nodes with values are supported by ML bootstrap values above 70% (first value) and/or by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 95% (second value).

FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogeny of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrews, genus Blarinella Thomas, 1911 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the genus Blarinella derived from maximum parsimony and neighbor joining analyses of cyt-b and cyt-b + 16S rRNA + ApoB fragments. Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap values of cyt-b are shown above the branches; MP and NJ bootstrap values of cyt-b + 16S rRNA + ApoB are shown under the branches.

FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogeny of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrews, genus Blarinella Thomas, 1911 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 4. Networks of the cyt-b and ApoB haplotypes in Blarinella. The missing haplotypes in the network are represented by black dots. Each mutation step is shown as a short line connecting neighboring haplotypes; number of mutations between haplotypes, if greater than one, are indicated near branches. Haplotype designations can be found in Tables 1.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrews, genus Blarinella Thomas, 1911 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of the genus Blarinella derived from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cyt-b and cyt-b + 16S rRNA + ApoB fragments. Node values above branches indicate ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities of cyt-b; node numbers under the branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values of cyt-b +16S rRNA + ApoB.