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Figure 2 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 2. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female, CLSM, ventral view: A, anterior part of body showing cephalic ridge and pereopods (including coxal plates), collectively forming attachment device; B, anterior part of cephalon, antennules (A1) and mandibles; C, close-up of antennules (A1) and mandibles (Md); D, abdomen; E, pereopod 3. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 14 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 14. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right pereopod 7 (P7), posterior view; B, dactylus of P7, posterior view; C, carpus of P7, showing sensory elements (a-d), posterior view; D, posterior margin of abdomen, ventral view; anal opening indicated by arrow. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 13 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 13. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right pereopod 5 (P5), posteromedial view; B, dactylus of P5, posterior view; C, right pereopod 6 (P6), anterior view; D, dactylus of P6, anterior view. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 10 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 10. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right antennule, anterior view; sensory elements indicated by arrows (CL = central lobe; IL = inner lobe; OL = outer lobe; SP = spinous projection); B-C, sensory elements of antennule; D, right antenna, anterior view. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 12 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 12. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right pereopod 3 (P3), posteromedial view; B, dactylus of P3, posteromedial view; C, posteromedial view of carpus showing sensory elements (a-e); D, right pereopod 4 (P4), posterior view; E, dactylus of P4, posterior view. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 9 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 9. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, anterior margin of cephalon, ventral view showing raised pores; B, oral cone and right mandible (Lb = labrum, Lm = labium); C, gnathobases of mandibles; D, F, H, pleurotergites 1–3, ventral view; sensory setae indicated by arrows; E, G, I, sensory setae of pleurotergites 1–3. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 7 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 7. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B-E, pleurotergites 4–7, ventral view. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 6 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 6. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male, CLSM, ventral view: A, habitus; B, cephalon showing antennules, antennae and oral cone; C, close-up of oral cone and antennules; D, pereopod 4. Abbreviations: A1 = antennule, A2 = antenna, Lb = labrum, Lm = labium, Md = mandible, OC = oral cone. P1 = pereopod 1. Scale bars in μm.

FIGURE 10 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 10. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) of T. neocaledonicus treated clearing agent. (A) DFA of cassava male mite vs. cassava male cleared mite; (B) DFA of cassava female mite vs. cassava female mite cleared; (C) DFA of moringa male mite vs. moringa male mite cleared; (D) DFA of moringa female mite vs. moringa female cleared.

FIGURE 3 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 3. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) of T. neocaledonicus collected from two host plants, moringa and cassava. (A) DFA of cassava male mite vs. cassava female mite; (B) DFA of moringa male mite vs. moringa female mite; (C) DFA of cassava male mite vs. moringa male mite; (D) DFA of cassava male mite vs. moringa male mite.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 2. Shape and size morphospace distribution of T. neocaledonicus collected from moringa and cassava. (A) Principal components (PCs) morphospace distribution analysis; (B) Canonical variates analysis (CVA) morphospace analysis.

FIGURE 5 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic signal analysis of T. neocaledonicus collected from two hosts, moringa and cassava. (A) Size phylogenetic analysis; (B) Shape phylogenetic analysis. A—cassava male mite; B—moringa male mite; E—Cassava female mite; F—moringa female mite.

FIGURE 9 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 9. Morphospace distribution of T. neocaledonicus collected from two hosts, and the mites treated with clearing agent (lactic acid). (A) Principal components (PCs) morphospace analysis; (B) Canonical variate analysis (CVA). A—cassava male mite, B—moringa male mite, C—Cassava male mite cleared, D—moringa male mite cleared, E—cassava female mite, F—moringa female mite, G—Cassava female mite cleared, and H—moringa female mite cleared.

FIGURE 11 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 11. Principal component analysis (PCA) of cleared T. neocaledonicus shape variations visualized in a distortion grid. (A) variance graph of cassava male mite cleared; (B), (C), and (D) is the PC1, PC2, and PC3 of cassava male spider mites cleared, respectively; (E) variance graph of cassava female mite cleared; (F), (G), and (H) is the PC1, PC2, and PC3 of cassava female spider mites cleared, respectively; (I) variance graph of moringa male mite cleared; (J), (K), and (L) is the PC1, PC2, and PC3 of moringa male spider mites cleared, respectively; (M) variance graph of moringa female mite cleared; (N), (O), and (P) is the PC1, PC2, and PC3 of cassava male spider mites cleared, respectively.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 1. Tetranychus neocaledonicus (A) colony (B) Adult T. neocaledonicus (C) male T. neocaledonicus with landmarks (D) female T. neocaledonicus with landmarks (landmarks description, Table S1).

FIGURE 8 in Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

FIGURE 8. Hierarchical cluster dendrogram analysis based on (A) Mahalanobis distance dendrogram; (B) Procrustes distance. Spider mite collected from moringa highlighted in red color, and blue color is mite collected from cassava. Normal mite without using any clearing agent in highlighted in bold letter, normal colored letter indicated as the spider mites treated with clearing agent, i.e., lactic acid.

Fig. 9 in Annotated Catalog of Vespid Hosts (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Tachinidae (Diptera), with Description of a New Species of Ophirion Townsend from Brazil

Fig. 9. Female terminalia of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend). A, Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively; B, Line drawings of dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, hemitg = hemitergite, hyp = hypoproct, l arm = lateral arm; spr = spiracle, st = sternite, tg = tergite.

Fig. 8 in Annotated Catalog of Vespid Hosts (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Tachinidae (Diptera), with Description of a New Species of Ophirion Townsend from Brazil

Fig. 8. Male terminalia of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend). A, Sternite five; B, Lateral view of postabdomen, showing sclerites of segments 5–8; C, Lateral view of genitalia and line drawing highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas); D, Posterior view of genitalia. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bac scl = bacilliform sclerite, basph = basiphallus, epand = epandrium, cerc = cercus, d m proc = dorsal median process, distph = distiphallus, ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme, epiph = epiphallus, hemitg = hemitergite, hypd = hypandrium, lv scl = lateroventral sclerite, pgt = postgonite, phapod = phallapodeme, pregt = pregonite, st = sternite, sur = surstylus, syntg = syntergite.

Fig. 7 in Annotated Catalog of Vespid Hosts (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Tachinidae (Diptera), with Description of a New Species of Ophirion Townsend from Brazil

Fig. 7. Holotype male of Santacruzia dubiosa Thompson (CNC). A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Habitus, dorsal view; C, Head, frontal view; D, Labels. Images originally lacking scales.

Fig. 6 in Annotated Catalog of Vespid Hosts (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Tachinidae (Diptera), with Description of a New Species of Ophirion Townsend from Brazil

Fig. 6. Type material of Polybiophila fitzgeraldi Curran. A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of holotype male (AMNH), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view paratype female (AMNH), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm.