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Fig. 6 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 6. Distribution of Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. (triangles), Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. (squares), and Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov. (cross). The population at Nkandla marked '?' is a potentially hybrid population with shell characters resembling K. piperatus sp. nov., but with genitalia resembling K. vittarubra sp. nov. Contours at 1000 and 1500 m.

Fig. 4 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 4. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner right marginal teeth. D. Outer right marginal teeth. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Fig. 31 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 31. Sheldonia fingolandensis sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.7 mm (NMSA W9688/T3383). E. Paratype, protoconch, punctate microsculpture with both spiral and radial alignment, scale bar = 200 μm (NMSA W3976/T3387).

Fig. 3 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 3. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., living animals. A. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 16.0 mm (paratype, NMSA V2279/T4059). B. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 13.3 mm (paratype, NMSA P0229/T4051).

Fig. 1 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 1. Illustrations of characters mentioned in key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. A. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., epiphallus, caecum and flagellum (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). B. Microkerkus burnupi (Godwin-Austen, 1914), epiphallus and caecum (NMSA W3660). C. Sheldonia fingolandensis sp. nov., epiphallus, caecum and flagellum (paratype, NMSA W4169/T3385). D. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis Herbert, 2016, epiphallus, caecum and flagellum (paratype, NMSA P0304/T4060). E. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis, spermatophore (paratype, NMSA W2259/T4067). F. Kerkophorus poeppigii (Pfeiffer, 1846), spermatophore (NMSA W4911). G. Microkerkus arnotti (Benson, 1864), spermatophore (NMSA W6082). H. Sheldonia capsula (Benson, 1864), spermatophore, arrow indicates short, stout projections on both sides of the subterminal region of the tail, enlarged in inset (NMSA W4686). I. Selatodryas luteosoma gen. et sp. nov., spermatophore, arrow indicates non-spinose distal portion of tail (paratype, NMSA W9691/T3874).

Fig. 2 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 2. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). E. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). F. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). G. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). H. Possible K. piperatus × vittarubra hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116).

Fig. 20 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 20. Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov., holotype, diameter 10.0 mm (NMSA V6958/T4169), four views of shell and detail of pattern of white lines on body whorl, scale bar = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 30 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 30. Selatodryas luteosoma gen. et sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A. Entire genital tract. B. Flagellum. C. Penis extracted from its sheath. D. Spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W3925/ T3873). D. Paratype (NMSA W9691/T3874).

Fig. 12 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 12. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., living animal, Mkambati Nature Reserve, E Cape, shell diameter 14.1 mm (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163).

Fig. 9 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 9. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–D = 100 μm.

Fig. 5 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 5. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–B. Genitalia, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (paratype, NMSA W4433/T4050). A. Entire genital tract. B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath. C. Spermatophore, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (NMSA W3906).

Fig. 16 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 16. Kerkophorus terrestris sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 13.1 mm (NMSA W3979/T3862). E. Close-set microspiral sculpture on protoconch, scale bar = 200 μm (paratype, NMSA W2933/T3863).

Fig. 10 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 10. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Genital tract (minus ovotestis). B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath revealing stimulator and sinuous penis. C. Spermatophore.

Fig. 5 in Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species

Fig. 5. Head of cave wētā in the genus Miotopus Hutton, 1898 showing sexual dimophism. A–B. Miotopus diversus (Hutton, 1896). A. Adult ³, Resolution Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound (MPN CW3459). B. Adult ♀, Camp Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound (MPN CW3596). C–D. Miotopus richardsi sp. nov. Borland Road, Southland. C. Adult ³ (MPN CW3542). D. Adult ♀ (MPN CW3811). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 2 in Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species

Fig. 2. Apical spines on the left hind tibia of Pleioplectron simplex Hutton, 1896 (MPN CW3459), numbered as in Fig. 1 (from Fitness et al. 2015). Dorsal view of posterior distal section of left hind tibia including part of first tarsal segment. Four pairs of 'apical' spines are commonly present: the inferior subapical pair S19 & S20 (not visible here); inferior apical pair S17 & S18 (S17 obscured here); superior apical pair S15 & S16; superior subapical pair S21 & S22. Some taxonomists have treated S21 & S22 as the first pair of superior linear spines, resulting in recording of three pairs of 'apical' rather than four.

Fig. 1 in Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species

Fig. 1. Apical spine numbering, terminology and position on Rhaphidophoridae, after Fitness et al. (2015). Dorsal view, showing cross-sectional relationship of each potential spine on femora and tibiae. Positions are indicated as prolateral (anterior facing), retrolateral (posterior facing), inferior (ventral facing) and superior (dorsal facing) orientations are indicated.

Fig. 3 in Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Pleioplectron Hutton, 1896 and Miotopus Hutton, 1898 inferred from Bayesian Inference of 1435bp mtDNA COI sequence alignment with four 4 × 106 MCMC chains, sampling every 2 × 103 generations.

Fig. 8 in Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species

Fig. 8. Female terminalia of Miotopus Hutton, 1898 cave wētā. A–C. Miotopus diversus (Hutton, 1896) (MPN CW3596). A. Ventral. B–C. Lateral views. D–F. Miotopus richardsi sp. nov. (MPN CW3543). D. Ventral. E–F. lateral views. Scale bars = 3 mm.

Fig. 7 in Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species

Fig. 7. Male terminalia of Miotopus Hutton, 1898 cave wētā. A–B. Miotopus diversus (Hutton, 1896) (MPN CW3601). A. Lateral. B. Ventral. C–F. Miotopus richardsi sp. nov. (MPN CW3542). C. Lateral. D. Ventral. E. Close dorsal. F. Ventral views of named structures. Scale bars = 2 mm.