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6,170 results for “european”
Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances over the European sector during the geomagnetic storm on March 23-24, 2023: energy deposition in the source regions and the propagation characteristics
<p>IMAGE 2D Ionospheric Equivalent Currents for 23 and 24 March 2023 (https://space.fmi.fi/image/). </p> <p><em>We thank the institutes who maintain the IMAGE Magnetometer Array (<a href="https://space.fmi.fi/image/">https://space.fmi.fi/image/</a>): Tromsø Geophysical Observatory of UiT the Arctic University of Norway (Norway), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland), Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany), Geological Survey of Sweden (Sweden), Swedish Institute of Space Physics (Sweden), Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu (Finland), DTU Technical University of Denmark (Denmark), and Science Institute of the University of Iceland (Iceland). The provisioning of data from AAL, GOT, HAS, NRA, VXJ, FKP, ROE, BFE, BOR, HOV, SCO, KUL, and NAQ is supported by the ESA contracts number 4000128139/19/D/CT as well as 4000138064/22/D/KS. The authors would like to thank Dr. Liisa Juusola for providing the IMAGE 2D Ionospheric Equivalent Currents data.</em></p>
Indicators used to calculate the Vulnerability of European wine PDOs to climate change
<p>Dataset of the indicators used to define the Vulnerability of European wine PDO to climate change. The database includes the values of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity for each PDO region. In the case of Exposure we also included the values for the indicators of Cool Night Iindex, Dryness Index and Huglin index. In the case of Adaptive Capacity we also included all the fifteen indicators used for the assessment of financial, natural, physical, social and human capacity. The classification in one of the Vulnerability classes is included in the related field.</p> <p>Please refer to the following article when citing the dataset:</p> <p>Tscholl, S., Candiago, S., Marsoner, T., Fraga, H., Giupponi, C., & Egarter Vigl, L.Climate resilience of European wine regions. Nat Commun 15, 6254 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50549-w</p>
Leaf-level resistance to frost, drought and heat covaries across European temperate tree seedlings
<p>Most trees die as seedlings, with harsh environmental conditions, such as early-spring frosts and summer heat waves, being important drivers of early mortality. However, it remains unclear whether tolerance to different environmental extremes (e.g. frost vs. heat) trades-off, or covaries synergistically and how stress tolerances relate to growth rates and life history strategies. Given the likely role of extreme environmental conditions as environmental filters, the ability to tolerate different stressors at the seedling stage could shape the occurrence and composition of present and future forests.</p> <p>We explored the relationships between different leaf-level stress tolerances, functional traits and geographic distributions across 22 species of temperate European tree seedlings. We measured indicators of tolerance to frost, drought and heat and related these values to growth rates and to important functional traits (e.g., leaf mass per area, stem specific density). Finally, we explored the links between measured seedling stress tolerances and climatic niche limits inferred from adult trees' distributions.</p> <p>We found that seedlings of most species were either moderately tolerant to all three stressors, or susceptible to all of them. Moreover, higher stress tolerances were associated with traits describing slower growth and lower competitive ability. However, seedling tolerances to climatic factors were unrelated to the environmental limits of their adult geographic distributions.</p> <p><em>Synthesis.</em> Our results suggest that temperate tree seedlings might not experience trade-offs when facing an increase in multiple extreme climate stressors, but may experience trade-offs related to growth rate and competitive ability in the establishment phase. The lack of correlation between leaf-level stress tolerances and the environmental limits of adult geographic distributions suggests that predicting species' current or future geographic distributions in Europe will require a more nuanced understanding of how climatic tolerances at juvenile and adult stages influence range limits. A better understanding of the interaction between survival in extreme climate, leaf-level stress tolerances of seedlings, and the factors driving species distributions is needed to understand future forest responses to climate change.</p>
1991.126.a Snuff Bottle with European Figures
You can copy, modify, and distribute this work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Learn more about The Cleveland Museum of Art's Open Access initiative: http://www.clevelandart.org/open-access-faqs *Snuff Bottle with European Figures*, 1736-95. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Painted enamel on copper; overall: 7.4 cm (2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin 1991.126 Learn more on The Cleveland Museum of Art's Collection Online: https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1991.126.a Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
European Medieval Castle 3D Scan
This is was scanned in Reality Capture from drone footage and cleaned in Blender. Some parts like the metal details on the top of the castle were re-modeled. In the extra folder you can find 8k diffues(one is enhanced with Cupscale and the other one is what I got from RC), normal and displacement textures. I would apprecite it if you let me know where you have used it. Cheers! Extra materials: https://drive.google.com/file/d/12iAEQTfhgiqXP4J8ub1nKrN6vAM8jj5V/view?usp=sharing Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
1991.126 Snuff Bottle with European Figures
You can copy, modify, and distribute this work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Learn more about The Cleveland Museum of Art's Open Access initiative: http://www.clevelandart.org/open-access-faqs *Snuff Bottle with European Figures*, 1736–95. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Painted enamel on copper; overall: 7.4 cm (2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin 1991.126 Learn more on The Cleveland Museum of Art's Collection Online: https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1991.126 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
European stag beetle
The Krystyna and Włodzimierz Tomek Natural Science Museum in Ciężkowice https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/2390 Inventory number: MP gablota nr 2b Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
1991.126.b Snuff Bottle with European Figures
You can copy, modify, and distribute this work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Learn more about The Cleveland Museum of Art's Open Access initiative: http://www.clevelandart.org/open-access-faqs *Snuff Bottle with European Figures*, 1736-95. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Painted enamel on copper; overall: 7.4 cm (2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin 1991.126 Learn more on The Cleveland Museum of Art's Collection Online: https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1991.126.b Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Supplementary data for "Increasing risks of extreme salt intrusion events across European estuaries in a warming climate", published in Communications Earth & Environment
<p>This data repository contains python scripts and post-processed climate model and salt intrusion length data to reproduce figures in the paper below.</p> <p>====================</p> <p>Title: Increasing risks of extreme salt intrusion events across European estuaries in a warming climate (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01225-w">Link to the full paper</a>)</p> <p>Author: Jiyong Lee, Bouke Biemond, Huib de Swart, and Henk A. Dijkstra</p> <p>Journal: Communications Earth & Environment</p> <p>Year: 2024</p> <p>Publisher: Nature</p> <p>====================</p>
UFLUX European ensemble 0.25deg daily carbon, water, and energy fluxes from 2000 - 2020
<h3>UFLUX Ensemble Europe025ddaily (European 0.25° Daily)</h3> <p><strong>Overview</strong><br>The <strong>UFLUX ensemble dataset</strong> offers <strong>European daily fluxes at 0.25° spatial resolution</strong>, generated using <strong>Deep Forest machine learning models</strong>. It integrates <strong>satellite-based vegetation proxies </strong>— including MODIS NIRv, GOME-2 SIF, and OCO-2 SIF — with <strong>ERA5 climate reanalysis</strong>, and is trained against <strong>ICOS eddy covariance observations</strong>. The dataset includes five core flux components:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Gross Primary Production (<strong>GPP</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>Ecosystem Respiration (<strong>RECO</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>Net Ecosystem Exchange (<strong>NEE</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>Sensible Heat Flux (<strong>H</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>Latent Energy Flux (<strong>LE</strong>)</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Background and Methodology</strong><br>The <strong>Unified FLUXes (UFLUX)</strong> initiative is a data-driven, machine learning-based platform designed to upscale eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements from tower sites to the global scale. It aims to answer pressing questions about how effectively terrestrial ecosystems are managed under climate change.</p> <p>Key innovations of UFLUX include:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Consistent Upscaling Framework</strong>: Harmonizes flux upscaling across spatial/temporal scales and multiple flux types (GPP, RECO, etc.) using deep decision tree-based methods, better suited than conventional neural networks for EC flux data.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Hybrid Explainable ML</strong>: Combines black-box ML with ecological interpretability through residual learning, offering both predictive power and new scientific insight (UFLUXv2).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Uncertainty Quantification</strong>: Employs sampling space completeness to assess model uncertainty in a transparent, robust manner.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Multisource Integration</strong>: Leverages complementary strengths of vegetation proxies (e.g., NIRv, SIF) and climate data (e.g., ERA5) to represent carbon dynamics more comprehensively than single-source approaches.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Superior Gap-Filling</strong>: Originally developed as a global EC flux gap-filling tool, UFLUX improves accuracy by up to 30% and reduces uncertainty by as much as 70% compared to traditional methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>High Performance</strong>: Achieves strong predictive accuracy, with global-scale R² > 0.8 for RECO and ≈0.9 for GPP, while being computationally efficient enough to run on a standard laptop.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Community Adoption</strong>: Already used by other global upscaling projects, highlighting its reliability and impact.</p> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Applications</strong><br>UFLUX is ideal for studying the interactions between land management, climate change, and carbon fluxes, particularly in improving global estimates of GPP and RECO by addressing biases in EC measurements.</p> <p><strong>Resources</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>UFLUX Website: <a href="https://github.com/soonyenju/uflux" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://sites.google.com/view/uflux</a></strong></li> <li> <p><strong>Code Repository</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/soonyenju/uflux" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://github.com/soonyenju/uflux</a></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Technical & Descriptive Publication</strong>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2024.2312266" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2024.2312266</a></p> </li> </ul>
Recovery of European temperate forests after large and severe disturbances
<p><span>As climate change progresses, there is increasing concern that large and severe disturbances may diminish the resilience of forest ecosystems and alter their recovery dynamics. We investigated recovery of temperate forests in Europe following large and severe disturbance events (more than 70 % canopy cover reduction in patches larger than 1 ha) that span a time since disturbance range of one to five decades. Across a ground-based plot network at 143 sites, featuring various forest types and management practices, subjected to 28 disturbance events, including windthrow, fire, and bark beetle, we studied post-disturbance tree density and composition, which are key indicators of forest resilience. We used this dataset to qualitatively assess forest recovery in structure and composition by comparing plot-level post-disturbance height-weighted densities with site-specific pre-disturbance densities. Additionally, we analyzed ecological drivers of post-windthrow tree density, including forest management, topography, and bioclimate, using a series of generalized additive models. The present dataset includes the plot-level data necessary to carry out the aforementioned analyses.</span></p>
A checklist of European butterfly larval foodplants
<p>Butterflies are charismatic insects, and have been well studied, particularly in Europe. They are disproportionately used in generating and testing hypotheses; on everything from general evolutionary processes, such as speciation, or host association dynamics; to conservation-related studies, such as climate change or habitat loss.</p> <p>Accurate lists of the larval foodplants for European butterflies are not readily available. Mistakes are propagated and information can't be checked for accuracy. The level of evidence is unknown, and how usage varies between countries poorly understood.</p> <p>The study consulted 1,119 references to produce 19,488 records of larval foodplants for European butterflies. This resulted in 5,589 larval host plant records for 464 European butterfly species, with multiple references, enabling information to be checked. Information was unavailable for 59 species. The level of evidence for each relationship show the current state of knowledge.</p> <p>Significant issue were identified for 3.9% of records extracted from references due to mistakes, ambiguous or unknown plant names, distribution issues, resulting in information being lost. Plants with a questionable distributions suggest either misidentification, or species that have been split.</p> <p>Little is known about plant usage in eastern Europe. The larval foodplants of many monophagous and Satyrinae butterflies are poorly studied. Only 64% of threatened 2010 Red Listed butterflies have reliable host plant records.</p> <p>The study has provided ecologists with a valuable resource, of a more accurate checklist of the larval foodplants for each European country. Why plant usage varies over a butterfly's distribution, opens up some interesting research questions.</p>
Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity drive troglomorphic character development in European cavefish
<p>The Aach cave loach (<em>Barbatula barbatula</em>), a recently discovered member of the Nemacheilidae family, offers a unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms underlying evolutionary change. In a common garden experiment, we reared groups of laboratory-bred cave, surface, and hybrid loach under different light conditions. Troglomorphic characters varied significantly among the fish, influenced to a different extent by parental origin and light conditions. Cavefish progeny consistently exhibited smaller eyes, lighter pigmentation, longer barbels, and larger olfactory epithelia than surface fish, while hybrids displayed intermediate characteristics. Surface and hybrid fish raised in complete darkness resembled the cavefish phenotype, while cavefish raised under a natural photoperiod approached the surface form. Characters associated with eye degeneration were found to be primarily heritable. Conversely, traits related to chemo- and mechano-reception were enhanced in the surface and hybrid groups reared in complete darkness, suggesting phenotypic plasticity. Our findings offer valuable insights into the interplay between genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity to troglomorphic adaption. This contributes to the broader understanding of the early stages of adaptation, where phenotypic plasticity, drift, and selection shape phenotypes. Relatively recently established cavefish, such as the Aach cave loach, are promising candidates for comparative research investigating evolutionary mechanisms.</p>
Supplementary data for Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield
<p>Dataset and supplementary file for <strong>Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) provenances differing in yield </strong>paper.</p> <p>The ANFS_data file includes individual level measurements of xylem safety and efficiency traits, leaf traits and growth among 7 provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. More details related to the methodology might be found in the published paper by Kurjak et al. 2024.</p> <p>The ANFS_supplementary file includes the test for differences in distance to tip between sites and provenances, based on the branch diameter-branch length scaling.</p>
Native forest and proximity to humans are stronger drivers of Brazilian cottontail habitat use than invasive European hare
<p>Human activities and biological invasions have caused unprecedented biodiversity loss over the past 500 years. Proximity to humans drives the spatial distribution of species toward less disturbed habitats. Invasive species can competitively exclude native species, but species may coexist due to different habitat preferences. Here, we investigated how proximity to farms and the presence of the non-native European hare (<em>Lepus europaeus</em>) influence the habitat use by the Brazilian cottontail (<em>Sylvilagus minensis</em>) in southeastern Brazil. We found that the probability of cottontail site use increased with native forest cover and decreased with farmhouse proximity, ranging from 0.05 (<em>SE</em> = 0.02) at sites close to farmhouses (≅ 900 m) with no native forest to 0.70 (<em>SE</em> = 0.15) at sites far from farmhouses (≅ 2500 m) dominated by native forest. Higher risk of harassment and predation by free-roaming dogs and cats may explain the negative effect of farmhouse proximity on cottontail habitat use. We found little evidence for competitive exclusion by the European hare. Instead, our results suggest that the two species spatially segregate due to different habitat preferences. While the European hare more likely uses farmland in its native and non-native range, our results suggest that the Brazilian cottontail is a forest dweller. Although we found only weak evidence of competitive exclusion, we advise caution because invasive species may delay the onset of detrimental effects due to initial low population densities in newly invaded areas as is the case of the European hare in southeastern Brazil.</p>
Genetic admixture between Central European and Alpine wolf populations
<p>The recovery and expansion of formerly isolated wolf populations in Europe raise questions about the nature of their interactions and future consequences for population viability and conservation. Will fragmented populations fuse or maintain a certain level of isolation with migration? Central Europe is suitable for obtaining empirical data in this field as it represents a "crossroad" with the potential for contact among several phylogeographic lineages. In this study, non-invasive genetic samples obtained during population monitoring in the Bohemian and Bavarian Forest (BBF) mountain ranges in the Czech Republic and Germany (Bohemian Massif) were analysed at different neutral markers including mitochondrial sequence, nuclear autosomal microsatellites and gonosomal sex markers. Resultant genetic profiles were compared with reference data to study population ancestry. Both cluster analyses of microsatellite genotypes and syntopic occurrence of haplotypes HW01 and HW22 showed genetic admixture between Central European and Alpine populations. This represents secondary contact and interbreeding of formerly allopatric populations with different phylogeographic histories and distant expansion centres in different biomes in the Baltic region versus the Apennine peninsula and Alps. Moreover, the study describes the founding event and genealogy of this admixed deme, inhabiting intermediate environmental conditions compared to parental forms, and emphasises the role of protected areas as stepping stones in the range recolonization process in endangered large mammals.</p>
Survey and focus group results to identify European and Regional needs, opportunities and expectations to bio-based education/training model.
<p>This data was used to produce the “Report on European and regional analysis of the needs, opportunities and expectations to bio-based education/training model” in the framework of BioBEC project (101023381-H2020-BBI-JTI-2020).<br>The data provide information about the needs and expectations of the main stakeholders (Academics / Researchers / Consultants / Educational Administrators / Non profit foundations / Clusters) regarding the design, development and implementation of Bio Based Education Centres across different European Regions. The survey used asked the informants to provide their opinion regarding different statements in a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The focus group includ open questions focused on the topics described. </p>
Bulk Carbon and Amino Acid nitrogen isotope data from Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) and European flounder (Platichthys flesus) muscle tissue samples from the western and central Baltic Sea
<p><span>Eutrophication, increased temperatures and stratification can lead <span>to massive, filamentous, N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacterial (FNC) blooms in coastal ecosystems with largely unresolved consequences for the mass and energy supply in pelagic and benthic food webs. Mesozooplankton adapt to not top-down controlled FNC blooms by switching diets from phytoplankton to microzooplankton, resulting in a directly quantifiable increase in its trophic position (TP) from 2.0 (herbivore) to as high as 3.0 (carnivore). If this process in mesozooplankton, we call trophic lengthening, was transferred up to higher trophic levels of a food web, a large loss of energy could result in massive declines of fish biomass. </span></span><span>We used compound-specific nitrogen stable isotope data of amino acids (CSIA) to estimate and compare </span><span>the nitrogen (N) sources and TPs of cod and flounder (mesopredators) from areas</span><span> </span><span>with influence of FNC blooms (central Baltic Sea) and without it (western Baltic Sea)</span><span>. We tested if FNC-caused </span><span>trophic lengthening in mesozooplankton is carried over to fish.</span><span> The TP of cod from the western Baltic, feeding mainly on decapods, was equal to the global mean value (4.1, secondary carnivore). Only cod from the central Baltic, mainly feeding on zooplanktivorous pelagics, had a higher TP (4.8, near-tertiary carnivore), indicating a strong carry-over effect of </span><span>FNC-</span><span>caused trophic lengthening from mesozooplankton. In contrast, the TP of molluscivorous flounder (3.2 ± 0.2 in both areas), associated with the benthic food web, was unaffected by trophic lengthening. This suggests that FNC blooms cause a large loss of energy in zooplanktivorous but not in molluscivorous mesopredators. If FNC blooms continue to detour energy at the base of the pelagic food web, the TP of cod will not return to global mean values and the fish stock not recover. Monitoring the TP of key species can identify fundamental changes in ecosystems and provide useful information for resource management.</span></p>
Converging findings of climate models and satellite observations on the positive impact of European forests on cloud cover
<p>Overview:<br>This repository hosts a comprehensive dataset resulting from a Space for Time (S4T) analysis (<em>Duveiller et al. 2018</em>). The dataset spans monthly data from 2004 to 2014, providing detailed insights into cloud cover dynamics and land cover characteristics. Leveraging observations from the Cloud CCI MODIS-Aqua dataset (<em>Stengel et al. 2017</em>) and RegCM5 (<em>Giorgi et al. 2023</em>) model outputs at 0.05 degrees resolution, it offers valuable resources for researchers studying atmospheric and terrestrial interactions.</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>s4t_ESACCI.zip:<br>Output of the space-for-time algorithm applied to the Global MODIS-Aqua cloud cover data for low, medium, and high clouds.<br>s4t_RegCM5.zip:<br>Output of the space for time algorithm applied to the European RegCM5 cloud data for low, medium, and high clouds.<br>Variables:</p> <p>Cloud Area Fractions:<br>Includes low (cll), medium (clm), and high (clh) cloud area fractions, expressed as percentages.<br>Cloud layers are categorized based on cloud top pressure (CTP), following the convention of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.</p>
Human health impact based on adult European consumers' dietary exposure to chemical contaminants and consumption of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and legumes
<p>This dataset was generated within the PRISMA project (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101110615) for assessing the health impact for adult consumers from 25 European countries due to dietary exposure to chemical contaminants and consumption of food based on different dietary patterns.</p><p>The risk coefficients used to generate data are presented in Table S1.</p><p>File S2 presents the health impact based on the chronic dietary exposure to chemical contaminants for each country.</p><p>File S3 presents figures regarding the health impact for each country for adult consumers due to dietary exposure to chemical contaminants and consumption of food based on different dietary patterns.</p><p>File S4 presents the health impact based on the consumption of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and legumes for each country.</p><p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.