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Fig. 1 in A new genus and three new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from central and northern Vietnam

Fig. 1. Dacuomon quynhi, new genus, new species, colour in life. A, B, holotype male (27.7 × 23.8 mm) (ZRC 2022.0047), Phu Yên Province, Vietnam; C–E, paratype male (23.9 × 20.4 mm) (ZRC 2022.0048), Phu Yên Province, Vietnam; F, type locality, Xuan Lam commune, Phu Yên Province, Vietnam.

Fig. 4 in A new genus and three new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from central and northern Vietnam

Fig. 4. Dacuomon quynhi, new genus, new species, holotype male (27.7 × 23.8 mm) (ZRC 2022.0047), Phu Yên Province, Vietnam. A, left G1 (ventral view); B, left G1 (dorsal view); C, terminal segment of left G1 (ventral view); D, terminal segment of left G1 (dorsal view); E, left G2. Scales: A, D = 1.0 mm B, C = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 6 in A new genus and three new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from central and northern Vietnam

Fig. 6. Colours in life. A–D, Indochinamon lanae, new species, holotype male (39.0 × 30.0 mm) (ZRC 2022.0049), Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam; E–G, I. signum, new species, holotype male (36.9 × 29.3 mm) (ZRC 2022.0051), Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam; H, paratype female (28.4 × 22.6 mm) (ZRC 2022.0052), Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam.

Fig. 48. Xiphophorus hellerii, 34.8 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 48. Xiphophorus hellerii, 34.8 mm SL female (top), 35.1 mm SL male (middle), Wong Lung Hang Stream, 38.8 mm SL redvariety male (bottom), Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve.

Fig. 1. A in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 1. A, map of Sulawesi with the study area framed in red as shown on the detail map (B) of the Napu and Bada Valleys; B, the symbols show the sampling locations of Caridina clandestina, new species (black circles), C. sulawesi Cai & Ng, 2009 (white circles), C. parvidentata J. Roux, 1904 (square), and C. villadolidi Blanco, 1939 (diamond).

Fig. 4. A in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 4. A, Lariang River, natural habitat of Caridina clandestina, new species; B, colouration of living specimen; C, specimen with chelae adapted for filter feeding.

Fig. 5. A in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 5. A, scatterplot analysis of chelae morphology in both forms of Caridina clandestina, new species; B, chelae morphology in both forms of Caridina clandestina is not related to size of specimens.

Fig. 59 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 59. Gobiopterus cf. macrolepis, non-native specimen (top), Tai Lam Chung Reservoir, native specimen (female with eggs) (bottom), Kam Tin River.

Fig. 46. Poecilia salvatoris, 30 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 46. Poecilia salvatoris, 30 mm SL female (top), Lam Tsuen River, 30 mm SL male (bottom), Sam Dip Tam Stream.

Fig. 43. Gambusia affinis, 23.9 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 43. Gambusia affinis, 23.9 mm SL female (top), Lam Tsuen River, 18.2 mm SL male (bottom), Lin Au Stream.

Fig. 3. A–C, F, G, J–O in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 3. A–C, F, G, J–O, Caridina clandestina, new species, paratype male filter feeding morph (CL 5.6 mm) (ZMB 30207a), Lariang River, Central Sulawesi; D, E, H, I, Caridina clandestina, new species, paratype male short chelae morph (CL 4.7 mm) (ZMB 30203b), Napu Valley, stream, tributary of Lariang River, Central Sulawesi. A, third maxilliped; B, first pereiopod; C, fingers of first pereiopod; F, second pereiopod; G, fingers of second pereiopod; J, third pereiopod; K, dactylus of third pereiopod; L, fifth pereiopod; M, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; N, endopod of male's first pleopod; O, endopod and appendix masculina on second pleopod. Scale bars: A–F, H–J, L, N, O = 1.0 mm; G, K, M = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2. A, C–N in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 2. A, C–N, Caridina clandestina, new species, paratype male filter feeding morph (CL 5.6 mm) (ZMB 30207a), Lariang River, Central Sulawesi; B, Caridina clandestina, new species, paratype male short chelae morph (CL 4.7 mm) (ZMB 30203b), Napu Valley, stream, tributary of Lariang River, Central Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; B, rostrum; C, telson; D, distal part of telson; E, preanal carina; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, antennular peduncle; H, scaphocerite; I, distal part of mandible; J, maxillula; K, maxilla; L, first maxilliped; M, palp of first maxilliped; N, second maxilliped. Scale bars: A–C, G–I, K–N = 1.0 mm; D, E, F, J = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 6 in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 6. Molecular phylogeny of all described endemic species of Caridina from Sulawesi. Topology based on BI analysis of concatenated dataset of two mitochondrial gene fragments (16S and COI). Numbers on branches are, from the top, Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.9) and ML/MP bootstrap values (>70). An asterisk indicates nodes with full support (1/100/100). The scale bar indicates the substitution rate.

Fig. 8. Cyprinus carpio wild type, 307 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 8. Cyprinus carpio wild type, 307 mm SL, Tai O River (top), ornamental variety, 596mm SL, Shing Mun Reservoir (bottom).

Fig. 22. A in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 22. A, Channa argus, Ng Tung River, Channa maculata, B1, (dorsal head pattern), B2, (lateral pattern), She Shan River (uncertain origin), Channa argus × Channa maculata hybrid, C1, (dorsal head pattern), C2, (lateral pattern), Ng Tung River.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

FIG. 1 in Rindifilum ramosum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new freshwater genus within the Ulvales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)

FIG. 1. — The phylogenetic position of Rindifilum ramosum gen. nov., sp. nov., obtained by a Bayesian inference analysis of the concatenated and partitioned 18S rDNA, tufA, and rbcL dataset. Asterisks indicate the highest support values obtained by all three inference methods. GenBank accession numbers for the concatenated sequences (18S rDNA, tufA and rbcL, respectively) accompany each species name. Newly obtained sequences are given in bold. Scale bar shows the estimated number of substitutions per site.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

FIG. 2 in Rindifilum ramosum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new freshwater genus within the Ulvales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)

FIG. 2. — Light microscopic morphology of Rindifilum ramosum gen. nov., sp. nov. A-Q, SAG 2052; R, S, SAG 2039. Scale bars: 5 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Increasing stability of a native freshwater fish assemblage following flow rehabilitation

Stream restorations are increasingly critical for managing and recovering freshwater biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes. However, few studies have quantified  how rehabilitative actions promulgate through aquatic communities over decades.  Here, a long-term dataset is analyzed for fish assemblage change, incorporating data pre- and post-restoration periods, and testing the extent to which native assemblage stability increased over time. In the late 1950s, a large capacity dam was installed on Putah Creek (Solano County, CA, USA) which altered the natural flow regime, channel structure, geomorphic processes, and overall ecological function. Notably, downstream flows were reduced (especially during summer months) resulting in an aquatic assemblage dominated by warmwater nonnative species, while endemic native species subsisted at low levels as subordinates. A court-mediated Accord was ratified in 2000 providing a more natural flow regime, specifically for native and anadromous fishes in the stream. Richness of nonnative species decreased at every site following the Accord, while richness of native species increased or stayed constant. At the three most upstream sites, native species richness increased over time and ultimately exceeded nonnative richness. Native assemblage recovery was strongest upriver, closer to flow releases and habitat restoration activities, and decreased longitudinally downstream. Rank-abundance curves through time revealed that while species evenness was low throughout the study, dominance shifted from nonnative to native species in the upstream sites coincident with rehabilitation efforts. Mean rank shifts decreased following flow rehabilitation; thus the assemblage became increasingly stable over time following flow rehabilitation. Putah Creek’s rehabilitation may represent a model for others interested in improving endemic freshwater communities in degraded ecosystems.

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Scripts and sample information for: Molecular mechanisms of Eda-mediated adaptation to freshwater in threespine stickleback

A main goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. Although the genes that underlie some adaptive phenotypes are now known, the molecular pathways and regulatory mechanisms mediating the phenotypic effects of those genes often remain a black box. Unveiling this black box is necessary to fully understand the genetic basis of adaptive phenotypes, and to understand why particular genes might be used during phenotypic evolution. Here, we investigated which genes and regulatory mechanisms are mediating the phenotypic effects of the Eda haplotype, a locus responsible for the loss of lateral plates and changes in the sensory lateral line of freshwater threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations. Using a combination of RNAseq and a cross design that isolated the Eda haplotype on a fixed genomic background, we found that the Eda haplotype affects both gene expression and alternative splicing of genes related to bone development, neuronal development and immunity. These include genes in conserved pathways, like the BMP, netrin and bradykinin signalling pathways, known to play a role in these biological processes. Furthermore, we found that differentially expressed and differentially spliced genes had different levels of connectivity and expression, suggesting that these factors might influence which regulatory mechanisms are used during phenotypic evolution. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating the effects of an important adaptive locus in stickleback and suggest that alternative splicing could be an important regulatory mechanism mediating adaptive phenotypes.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →