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256 results for “Aedes aegypti”
Data from: Effects of food variability on growth and reproduction of Aedes aegypti
Despite a large body of knowledge about the evolution of life histories, we know little about how variable food availability during an individual's development affects its life history. We measured the effects of manipulating food levels during early and late larval development of the mosquito Aedes aegypti on its growth rate, life history and reproductive success. Switching from low to high food led to compensatory growth: individuals grew more rapidly during late larval development and emerged at a size close to that of mosquitoes consistently reared at high food. However, switching to high food had very little effect on longevity, and fecundity and reproductive success were considerably lower than in consistently well-fed mosquitoes. Changing from high to low food led to adults with similar size as in consistently badly nourished mosquitoes, but even lower fecundity and reproductive success. A rapid response of growth to changing resources can thus have unexpected effects in later life and in lifetime reproductive success. More generally, our study emphasizes the importance of varying developmental conditions for the evolutionary pressures underlying life-history evolution.
Data from: Application of wMelPop Wolbachia strain to crash local populations of Aedes aegypti
The endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia pipientis (wMel strain) has been successfully established in several populations of Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue vector. The virulent Wolbachia strain wMelPop is known to cause several pathological impacts (increased egg mortality, life shortening, etc.) reducing overall fitness in the mosquito Ae. aegypti. Increased egg mortality could substantially reduce egg banks in areas with a lengthy monsoonal dry season, and be employed to eliminate local populations. We tested this application under semi-field cage conditions. First, we determined that wMelPop infection significantly reduced the survival of desiccation-resistant eggs of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti, with shade and temperature having a significant impact; nearly all wMelPop-infected eggs failed to hatch after 6 and 10 weeks in summer and winter conditions, respectively. In laboratory selection experiments we found that egg desiccation resistance can be increased by selection, and that this effect of wMelPop infection is due to the nuclear background of the host rather than Wolbachia. We then conducted an invasion of wMelPop within a semi-field cage using sustained weekly releases of wMelPop infected mosquitoes, with fixation achieved after 9 weeks. The egg populations wMelPop infected and an uninfected control were then subjected to a simulated prolonged monsoonal dry season (2.5 months) before flooding to induce hatching. The wMelPop infected eggs suffered significantly greater mortality than the controls, with only 0.67% and 4.35% of respective infected and uninfected eggs held in 99% shade hatching after 80 days. These studies suggest that wMelPop could be used to locally eliminate populations of Ae. aegypti that are exposed to prolonged dry conditions, particularly if combined with vector control.
Data from: Size, sounds and sex: interactions between body size and harmonic convergence signals determine mating success in Aedes aegypti
Background: Several new mosquito control strategies will involve the release of laboratory reared males which will be required to compete with wild males for mates. Currently, the determinants of male mating success remain unclear. The presence of convergence between male and female harmonic flight tone frequencies during a mating attempt have been found to increase male mating success in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Size has also been implicated as a factor in male mating success. Here, we investigated the relationships among body size, harmonic convergence signalling, and mating success. We predicted that harmonic convergence would be an important determinant of mating success and that large individuals would be more likely to converge. Methods: We used diet to manipulate male and female body size and then measured acoustic interactions during mating attempts between pairs of different body sizes. Additionally, we used playback experiments to measure the direct effect of size on signalling performance. Results: In live pair interactions, harmonic convergence was found to be a significant predictor of copula formation. However, we also found interactions between harmonic convergence behaviour and body size. The probability that a given male successfully formed a copula was a consequence of his size, the size of the female encountered, and whether or not they converged. While convergence appears to be predictive of mating success regardless of size, the positive effect of convergence was modulated by size combinations. In playbacks, adult body size did not affect the probability of harmonic convergence responses. Conclusions: Both body size and harmonic convergence signalling were found to be determinants of male mating success. Our results suggest that in addition to measuring convergence ability of mass release lines that the size distribution of released males may need to be adjusted to complement the size distribution of females. We also found that diet amount alone cannot be used to increase male mating success or convergence probability. A clearer understanding of convergence behaviours, their relationship to mating success, and factors influencing convergence ability would provide the groundwork for improving the mating performance of laboratory reared lines.
Data from: Genetic mapping a meiotic driver that causes sex ratio distortion in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
An endogenous meiotic driver in the dengue and yellow fever vector mosquito Aedes aegypti can cause highly male-biased sex ratio distortion in crosses from suitable genetic backgrounds. We previously selected a strain that carries a strong meiotic drive gene (D) linked with the male-determining allele (M) on chromosome 1 in A. aegypti. Here we performed segregation analysis of the MD locus among backcross (BC1) progeny from a driver male and drive-sensitive females. Assessment of sex ratios among BC2 progeny showed ~5.2% recombination between the MD locus and the sex determination locus. Multipoint linkage mapping across this region revealed consistent marker orders and recombination frequencies with the existing reference linkage map and placed the MD locus within a 6.5 cM interval defined by the LF159 locus and microsatellite marker 446GAA, which should facilitate future positional cloning efforts.
Data from: Reduced survival and reproductive success generates selection pressure for the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti to evolve resistance against infection by the microsporidian parasite Vavraia culicis
The success and sustainability of control measures aimed at reducing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases will depend on how they influence the fitness of mosquitoes in targeted populations. We investigated the effects of the microsporidian parasite Vavraia culicis on the survival, blood-feeding behaviour and reproductive success of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the main vector of dengue. Infection reduced survival to adulthood and increased adult female mosquito age-dependent mortality relative to uninfected individuals; this additional mortality was closely correlated with the number of parasite spores they harboured when they died. In the first gonotrophic cycle, infected females were less likely to blood-feed, took smaller meals when they did so, and developed fewer eggs than uninfected females. Even though the conditions of this laboratory study favoured minimal developmental times, the costs of infection were already being experienced by the time females reached an age at which they could first reproduce. These results suggest there will be selection pressure for mosquitoes to evolve resistance against this pathogen if it is used as an agent in a control program to reduce the transmission of mosquito-borne human diseases.
Avoid the light to avoid the heat? Thermal and light preference of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae
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Figure 1 in Late effects of Beauveria bassiana on larval stages of Aedes aegypti Linneo, 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae)
Figure 1. Mortality of 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae by conidia of Beauveria bassiana under laboratory conditions [25 ± 2 ° C; 12:12 h (light: darkness)] at ten days of incubation.
Fig. 2 in Seasonal oviposition activity of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in San Miguel de Tucumán, northwestern Argentina
Fig. 2. Seasonal patterns of oviposition activity by Aedes aegypti, including temperature and precipitation in (A) Ciudadela and temperature in (B) Oeste II.
Figure 2 in Gene Flow Patterns of the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito in Colombia: a Continental Comparison Suggests Multiple Invasion Routes and Gene Exchange
Figure 2. Haplotype network for the mitochondrial ND4 gene from natural A. aegypti populations from: A. American continent, including sequences for Colombia; B. Colombia. In both haplotype networks, the size of each circle is proportional with the haplotypic frequency. The number next to each circle indicates the haplotype number.
Figure 3 in Geometric morphometrics of Aedes aegypti populations and study of transmission of arboviral diseases in Barreiras, Brazil
Figure 3 Study of relationships among precipitation, building infestation index (BII) and notification of arboviral diseases.Values of precipitation, BII and notification are presented in square root (sqrt) from January 2016 to September 2017 (A). A positive correlation was calculated between precipitation and BII (B). These results indicate that infestation occurs in rain-dependent cycles.
Figure 6 in Geometric morphometrics of Aedes aegypti populations and study of transmission of arboviral diseases in Barreiras, Brazil
Figure 6 UPGMA phenograms using the Mahalanobis distance among the diferent areas describing shape divergences. All distances were significant (p˂0.0001).
Fig. 1 in Contrasting patterns of insecticide resistance and knockdown resistance (kdr) in Aedes aegypti populations from Jacarezinho (Brazil) after a Dengue Outbreak
Fig. 1. Location of Jacarezinho town (PR = Paraná state) in Brazil (A). Jacarezinho map shows the collection sites in the urban area used for the analysis of the Val1016Ile mutation in 2011 and 2012. Additionally, the main roads that cross Jacarezinho are presented (B).
Figure 5 in Indiscriminate ingestion of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria by Aedes aegypti larvae: a novel strategy to control the vector of Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever
Figure 5. Aedes aegypti larval mortality when exposed to 1000 infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different volumes of water.
Figure1 in Indiscriminate ingestion of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria by Aedes aegypti larvae: a novel strategy to control the vector of Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever
Figure1. Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti larvae to different species of EPNs. Five 3rd instar larvae exposed to 500 infective juveniles (IJs) and mortality assessed daily at 1-day, 2- and 3-days post-inoculation (DPI).
Number of female Aedes aegypti (USDA) knockdown, mortality and recovery
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Data from: The consequences of co-infections for parasite transmission in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
1)Co-infections may modify parasite transmission opportunities directly as a consequence of interactions in the within host environment, but also indirectly through changes in host life-history. Furthermore, host and parasite traits are sensitive to the abiotic environment with variable consequences for parasite transmission in co-infections. (2)We investigate how co-infection of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with two microsporidian parasites (Vavraia culicis and Edhazardia aedis) at two levels of larval food availability affects parasite transmission directly, and indirectly through effects on host traits (3)In a laboratory infection experiment we compared how co-infection, at low and high larval food availability, affected the probability of infection, within-host growth and the transmission potential of each parasite, compared to single infections. Horizontal transmission was deemed possible for both parasites when infected hosts died harbouring horizontally-transmitting spores. Vertical transmission was judged possible for E. aedis when infected females emerged as adults. We also compared the total input number of spores used to seed infections with output number, in single and co-infections for each parasite. (4)The effects of co-infection on parasite fitness were complex, especially for V. culicis. In low larval food conditions, co-infection increased the chances of mosquitoes dying as larvae or pupae, thus increasing opportunities for V. culicis' horizontal transmission. However, co-infection reduced larval longevity and hence time available for V. culicis spore production. Overall there was a negative net effect of co-infection on V. culicis whereby the number of spores produced was less than the number used to seed infection. Co-infections also negatively affected horizontal transmission of the more virulent parasite, E. aedis, through reduced longevity of pre-adult hosts. However, its potential transmission suffered less relative to V. culicis. (5)Our results show that co-infection can negatively affect parasite transmission opportunities, both directly as well as indirectly via effects on host life-history. We also find that transmission is contingent on the combined effect of the abiotic environment.
Computational and experimental insights into the chemosensory navigation of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae
<p>Mosquitoes are prolific disease vectors that affect public health around the world. Although many studies have investigated search strategies used by host-seeking adult mosquitoes, little is known about larval search behavior. Larval behavior affects adult body size and fecundity, and thus the capacity of individual mosquitoes to find hosts and transmit disease. Understanding vector survival at all life stages is crucial for improving disease control. In this study we use experimental and computational methods to investigate the chemical ecology and search behavior of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquito larvae. We first show that larvae do not respond to several olfactory cues used by adult <em>Ae. aegypti</em> to assess larval habitat quality, but perceive microbial RNA as a potent foraging attractant. Second, we demonstrate that <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae use chemokinesis, an unusual search strategy, to navigate chemical gradients. Finally, we use computational modeling to demonstrate that larvae respond to starvation pressure by optimizing exploration behavior - possibly critical for exploiting limited larval habitat types. Our results identify key characteristics of foraging behavior in an important disease vector mosquito. In addition to implications for better understanding and control of disease vectors, this work establishes mosquito larvae as a tractable model for chemosensory behavior and navigation.</p>
Figure 1 in Isolation of Bacillus thuricgiecsis from tce state of Amazonas, in Brazil, and screening against Aedes aegypti %Diptera, Culicidae)
Figure 1. Amplification products of gen (A) cry4Ba and (B) cry4Aa of dipteran-specific genes isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis from the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Aedes aegypti queenslandensis: first geographic occurrence in Brazil and epidemiological implications
Figure 1 Comparative chart of the scale patterns of the abdomen of Aedes aegypti queenslandensis found in the municipality of Taubaté correlated with the patterns described by McClelland (1974).
Data from: Reduced survival and reproductive success generates selection pressure for the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti to evolve resistance against infection by the microsporidian parasite Vavraia culicis
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