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1,551 results for “Availability”
Low water availability enhances volatile-mediated direct defenses but disturbs indirect defenses against herbivores
<p>1. Interactions between plants and natural enemies of insect herbivores influence plant productivity and survival by reducing herbivory. Plants attract natural enemies via herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), but how water availability (WA) influences HIPV-mediated defenses is unclear. </p> <p>2. We use tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>), tomato fruitworm (<em>Helicoverpa zea</em>), and two natural enemies, the parasitoid wasp (<em>Microplitis croceipes</em>) and the predator spined soldier bug (<em>Podisus maculiventris</em>), to investigate the effect of WA on HIPV emission dynamics and associated plant defense. </p> <p>3. We show that low WA initially increases total HIPV emission by tomatoes on the first day of herbivore exposure and, in contrast, reduces HIPV emission on the second day. Low WA enhances HIPVs that are mostly found in tomato trichomes. Notably, some volatiles inhibited by low WA are known attractants of natural enemies. Evidence from Y-tube and in-cage behavioral assays indicates that changes in HIPV emissions by low WA compromise the ability of tomato plants to attract natural enemies. </p> <p>4. Synthesis: Based on our results, we propose a hypothesis where plants respond to low WA by enhancing repellent HIPV emissions and reducing the emission of HIPVs that attract natural enemies, which disrupts natural enemy-mediated plant indirect defenses but enhances plant direct defense against herbivores.</p>
Evoking the N400 Event-Related Potential (ERP) component using a publicly available novel set of sentences with semantically incongruent or congruent eggplants (endings)
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>During speech comprehension, the ongoing context of a sentence is used to predict sentence outcome by limiting subsequent word likelihood. Neurophysiologically, violations of context-dependent predictions result in amplitude modulations of the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component. While N400 is widely used to measure semantic processing and integration, </span><span>no publicly-available auditory stimulus set is available to standardize approaches across the field. Here, we developed an auditory stimulus set of 442 sentences that utilized the semantic anomaly paradigm, provided cloze probability for all stimuli, and was developed for both children and adults. With 20 neurotypical adults, we validated that this set elicits robust N400's, as well as two additional semantically-related ERP components: the recognition potential (~250 ms) and the late positivity component (~600 ms). This stimulus set (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkg">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkg</a>) and the 20 high-density (128-channel) electrophysiological datasets (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgmx4">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgmx4</a>) </span><span>are made publicly available to promote data sharing and reuse. Future studies that use this stimulus set to investigate sentential semantic comprehension in both control and clinical populations may benefit from the increased comparability and reproducibility within this field of research.</span></p>
Dataset and scripts from: Dietary sterol availability modulates heat tolerance of Daphnia
<p><span>The increasing frequency and intensity of summer heat waves is pushing freshwater zooplankton towards their upper thermal tolerance limits. At the same time, higher temperatures and prolonged water column stratification can favor the dominance of cyanobacteria in phytoplankton. Even when not toxic or grazing resistant, these prokaryotes lack phytosterols as essential precursors for cholesterol, the main sterol in animal tissues. Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the physiological adaptation of ectotherms to high temperature. Therefore, the shift to cyanobacteria-dominated systems may increase the vulnerability of zooplankton to heatwaves by intensifying cholesterol limitation.</span><span> </span><span>Here, we used death time curves that take into consideration the intensity and duration of a thermal challenge and a dynamic model to study the effects of cholesterol limitation on the heat tolerance of the keystone species Daphnia magna and to simulate the cumulative mortality that could occur in a fluctuating environment over several days of heatwave. </span><span> </span><span>We show that increasing cholesterol limitation does not affect the slope between time-to-immobilization and temperature, but does decrease the maximal temperature that Daphnia can withstand by up to 0.74°C. This seemingly small difference is sufficient to halve the time individuals can survive heat stress. </span><span> </span><span>Our simulations predicted that, when facing heatwaves over several days, the differences in survival caused by cholesterol limitation build up rapidly. Considering the anticipated intensity and duration of future (2070-2099) heatwaves, cholesterol limitation could increase mortality</span><span> by up to 45% and 72% under low- and medium-greenhouse-gas-emission scenarios, respectively. </span><span>These results suggest that the increasing risk of cholesterol limitation due to more frequent cyanobacterial blooms could compromise the resistance of zooplankton populations to future heatwaves. More generally,</span><span> this study shows the importance of considering the nutritional context in any attempt to predict ectotherm mortality with increasing temperatures in the field.</span></p>
GEOGLAM Best Available Crop Type Masks
<p>Best Available Crop Specific masks (BACS) over the major production and export countries for wheat, maize, rice, and soybeans, in the context of the G20 Global Agriculture Monitoring Program, GEOGLAM. The countries covered by GEOGLAM-BACS account for a total of 84% of soy, 54% of maize, 62% of wheat, and 92% of rice production globally.</p>
Container flows on road, rail and waterways along Rhine-Alpine corridor (Rhine section) at NUTS-2 level with cost-time-emissions estimates and accessibility-frequency-availability of modes
<p>The present dataset is used to estimate the heterogeneous mode choice preferences of shippers, that are presented in the following article :<br> "A Logit Mixture Model Estimating the Heterogeneous Mode Choice Preferences of Shippers Based on Aggregate Data"<br> (Nicolet, A., Negenborn, R. R. & Atasoy, B., A Logit Mixture Model Estimating the Heterogeneous Mode Choice Preferences of Shippers Based on Aggregate Data. IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 3, 2022, pp. 650-661.)</p>
A comparative study of commercially available, minimally invasive, sampling methods on Early Neolithic humeri analysed via palaeoproteomics
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)
Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm.
Auxiliary data files for replication of "Augmenting the availability of historical GDP per capita estimates through machine learning"
<p>This repository holds auxiliary data files needed for the replication "Augmenting the availability of historical GDP per capita estimates through machine learning". All further information and data is provided in the <a href="https://github.com/philmkoch/historicalGDPpc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub repository</a>.</p> <p>The data included in this auxiliary folder is based on the work by Laouenan et al. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01369-4). </p>
Resource availability alters breeding strategies in a small mammal community
<p>Following a resource pulse, animals may finance reproduction by consuming concurrently available resources (income breeding) or by storing resources for future reproduction (capital breeding). Understanding how these reproductive strategies are used is important for determining the ecological mechanisms that structure the timing of reproduction and that drive interannual population fluctuations in animals. We gathered a reproductive dataset for five small mammal species over a 12-year period in Northeastern USA during which six masting events of American beech (<em>Fagus grandifolia</em>) and eastern hemlock (<em>Tsuga canadensis</em>) occurred. Masting created alternate years where seeds were either available late (masting year) or early (cached from the previous year) in the breeding season. The small mammal species differed in reliance on seeds and overwintering strategies. We quantified the diet using stable isotopes and recorded reproduction timing, proportion breeding, and litter size in females and testes size in males. Timing of seed availability minimally affected litter size but strongly affected proportion breeding and timing of reproduction. During masting years (late seed availability), a higher proportion of females reproduced, with breeding taking place later in the season (lactation timed with peak seed availability), although the delay was restricted in <em>Napaeozapus insignis</em>, an obligate hibernator. After a fall mast, cached seeds were used as capital in the following spring (early seed availability) to support a litter that, depending on the species, occurred 24 to 79 days sooner than a mast year. No late-season reproduction occurred in years with early seed availability except for <em>Myodes gapperi</em> which produced a second litter, likely financed by fungal consumption. Males also showed strong responses to seed availability, mirroring female reproduction with testes size staying constant in years with late seed availability and sharply decreasing over the breeding season in years with early seed availability. Our results highlight that although photoperiod and temperature broadly set the bounds of the breeding season in temperate environments, resource availability influences the reproductive strategies that species use, which in turn alters reproductive timing and can drive large inter-annual population fluctuations. Differences in overwintering strategies and diet may further modulate reproductive timing and output relative to resource pulses.</p>
Fig. 1 in Shell Availability And Use By The Hermit Crab Clibanarius Virescens Along The Eastern Cape Coast, South Africa
Fig. 1. Species of gastropods and percentage of shells occupied by C. virescens at three different study sites: Dwesa (n = 235), Nqabara (n= 347) and Mendwana (n = 273) based on 20 quadrat sam-
FIGURE 10. Comparison between the commercially available air scribe and the Wada air scribes. A, a in The challenge of hard-to-reach spaces in mechanical fossil preparation: Development of the Wada air scribe, a novel short-bodied air scribe with an adjustable handle
FIGURE 10. Comparison between the commercially available air scribe and the Wada air scribes. A, a penshaped air scribe (Micro Jack 2 from PaleoTools®); B, the Wada air scribe.
FIGURE 1 in Bajoprosopon piardi n. gen. and sp. from the Middle Jurassic of France, with a revised diagnosis of the family Prosopidae von Meyer, 1860 (Brachyura, Podotremata) and notes on the availability of names introduced by Hermann von Meyer (1835, 1857)
FIGURE 1. Map showing the environs of Caen and Bayeux (northwest France) and the type locality, Les Fours à Chaux (asterisk), of Bajoprosopon piardi n. gen. and sp. The simplified log (right) illustrates the lithology, lithostratigraphical nomenclature and chronostratigraphy (after Pavia et al., 2015).
FIGURE 4 in Bajoprosopon piardi n. gen. and sp. from the Middle Jurassic of France, with a revised diagnosis of the family Prosopidae von Meyer, 1860 (Brachyura, Podotremata) and notes on the availability of names introduced by Hermann von Meyer (1835, 1857)
FIGURE 4. Holotype of Bajoprosopon piardi n. gen. and sp. (MAB k.3764) from the upper Bajocian 'Oolithe ferrugineuse de Bayeux' Formation (upper garantiana ammonite Zone, dichotoma ammonite Subzone) at the 'Les Fours à Chaux' outcrop between Croisilles and Les Moutiers-en-Cinglais (Calvados, France; Figure 1). A, dorsal view of carapace. B, frontal view of carapace. C, left lateral view of carapace. Scale bar equals 5 mm.
Figure 1 in Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the early growth of two congeneric pairs of savanna and forest species
Figure 1. On that figure are the logarithms of root-to-shoot ratio square root in two pairs of congeneric species. The forest houses data from two species (E. contortisiliquum and S. grandiflorum), as do the savanna (E. gummiferum and S. lycocarpum). The complete solution is represented by Com; The solution without N by -N; The solution without P by -P; The solution without both nutrients by -NP.
Fig. 4 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 4. Mean (± 95 % CI) standing crop of floral nectar on inflorescences of three floral morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 3 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 3. Mean (± 95 % CI) number and duration of the foraging events recorded by Apis mellifera (A, B) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (C, D) on inflorescences of L (black circle), M (gray circle) and S (white circle) morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 2 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 2. Total activity time (± 95 % CI) of Apis mellifera and Lycastrirhyncha nites on inflorescences of L (black circle), M (gray circle) and S (white circle) morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 1 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 1. Position of styles and stamens and differences in pollen size in the three floral morphs of Pontederia sp. a) long-styled [L], b) mid-styled [M] and c) shortstyled [S] (Zomlefer 1994). Legitimate pollinations are indicated by arrows.
Рис. 1. Карта-схема заказника «УΑыΛь» с указанием станций отбора проб зообентоса (с сайта ФГБУ «ЗаповеΑное Приамурье». URL: http://www.zapovedamur.ru/zakaznik_udyl) Fig. 1. Map-scheme of the Udyl Nature Reserve with indication of zoobenthos sampling stations (from website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zapovednoe Priamurye. Available at: http://www.zapovedamur.ru/zakaznik_udyl) in Quantitative zoobenthos characteristics of the Udyl Lake basin (Udyl Nature Reserve, Khabarovsky Region)
Рис. 1. Карта-схема заказника «УΑыΛь» с указанием станций отбора проб зообентоса (с сайта ФГБУ «ЗаповеΑное Приамурье». URL: http://www.zapovedamur.ru/zakaznik_udyl) Fig. 1. Map-scheme of the Udyl Nature Reserve with indication of zoobenthos sampling stations (from website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zapovednoe Priamurye. Available at: http://www.zapovedamur.ru/zakaznik_udyl)
Figure 1 in An overlooked family-group name among bees: Availability of Coelioxoidini (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Figure 1. Female of Coelioxoides waltheriae Ducke from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (University of Kansas Natural History Museum, SEMC 255628).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.