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Fig 7 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007

Fig 6 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006

Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes. B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003

Fig 17 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 17. Comparison of setae poroid sizes. Small letters on the x-axis indicate statistically significant differences among taxa. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g017

Fig 2 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002

Fig 15 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views, showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015

Fig 11 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011

Fig 14 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014

Fig 10 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 10. Resting spores of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010

Fig 9 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands. F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009

Fig 16 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016

Figs 37–45 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden

Figs 37–45. SEM images of C. vrangoensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gob. sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043105). 37–39. External RV side showing uniseriate striae on valve face and bi- to triseriate striae on valve margin, as well as variation in valve outline, arrow on Fig. 36 points to the marginal hyaline area. 40–42. Internal RV side showing submarginal rim and marginal areolae, arrow on Fig. 41 points to the folded mantle. 43. Areolae with radiate marginal perforations of the hymens (arrow). 44. Abvalvar side of the valvocopulae showing shape of fimbriae, with intervalary short fimbriae (arrow). 45. Enlarged part of the abvalvar side of the valvocopula with an oblong papillae (arrow).

Figs 2–9 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden

Figs 2–9. LM images. 2–4. RV of C. magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov., showing variations in size and valve outline (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 5–7. SV of C. magnoareolata sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 8–9. SV and RV of C. arenicola Ryznik (ANSP, slide no. 62634). Scale bars: 10 µm.

Fig. 1 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden

Fig. 1. Map of the west coast of Sweden and location of sampling site, Vrångö Island (black circle).

Figs 22–27 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden

Figs 22–27. SEM images of C. magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 22, 25–26. External view of the outline and stria density of the RV. 23–24. Internal view of the RV exhibiting the slightly raised central area and the submarginal rim. 27. Enlarged part of the external face of raphe valve showing RV hymenes with a row of short marginal slits (arrow).

Figs 16–21 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden

Figs 16–21. SEM images of C. magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 16. Internal view of the SV. 17-18. External view of the SV, showing subquadrangular areolae. 19. Hymenes of the SV arranged as slits on the margin of the areolae (arrows). 20. Abvalvar side of the SV valvocopulae with short fimbriae (arrow). 21. Open valvocopulae of the SV with numerous serrate fimbriae.

FIGURE 20, 21 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURE 20, 21. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Septum, cross section. Fig. 20. Septum only. Fig. 21. Valve with costa and septum overlaying the valve. Scale bars = 5 µm.

FIGURES 16–19 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 16–19. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Scanning electron microscopy. Internal views. Fig. 16. Valve view with costae evident. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 17. Valve with septum overlaying valve. Scale bar = 5 µm. Fig. 18. Septum. Scale bar = 5 µm. Fig. 19. High magnification view of the center of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bar = 1 µm.

FIGURES 1–10 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 1–10. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Light Microscopy. Figs 1–8. Size diminution series, valve views, from Holotype slide. Fig. 9. Septa. Fig. 10. Frustule in girdle view showing Häutung valve. Scale bar = 10 µm for all specimens.

FIGURES 11–15 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 11–15. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Scanning electron microscopy. Valve exterior. Figures 11, 12. Valve view of entire cell. Scale bars = 5 µm. Figs 13, 14. Higher magnification view of volae occluding areolae, on valve face and mantle, respectively. Scale bars = 1.5 µm. Fig. 15. Girdle view showing the girdle bands near the valve apex. Scale bar = 2.5 µm.