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4,028 results for “Behaviour”
Data from: Ecology of fear alters behaviour of grizzly bears exposed to bear-viewing ecotourism
<p>Humans are perceived as predators by many species and may generate landscapes of fear, influencing the spatiotemporal activity of wildlife. Additionally, wildlife might seek out human activity when faced with predation risks (human shield hypothesis). We used the Anthropause, a decrease in human activity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, to test the ecology of fear and human shield hypotheses and quantify the effects of bear-viewing ecotourism on grizzly bear (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) activity. We deployed camera traps in the Khutze watershed in Kitasoo Xai'xais Territory in the absence of humans in 2020 and with experimental treatments of variable human activity when ecotourism resumed in 2021. Daily bear detection rates decreased with more people present and increased with days since people were present. Human activity was also associated with more bear detections at forested sheltered sites, and less at exposed sites, likely due to the influence of habitat on bear perception of safety. The number of people negatively influenced adult male detection rates, but we found no influence on females with young detections, providing no evidence that females responded behaviourally to a human shield effect from reduced male activity. We also observed apparent trade-offs of risk avoidance and foraging. When salmon levels were moderate to high, detected bears were more likely to be females with young than adult males on days with more people present. Should managers want to minimize human impacts on bear activity and maintain baseline age-sex class composition at ecotourism sites, multi-day closures and daily occupancy limits may be effective. More broadly, this work revealed that antipredator responses can vary with the intensity of risk cues, habitat structure, and forage trade-offs, as well as manifest as the altered age-sex class composition of individuals using human-influenced areas, highlighting that wildlife avoids people across multiple spatiotemporal scales.</p>
Figure 4 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 4. Effect of storage temperature at 20 °C, for 8 prior incubations at 10 and 15 °C for 12 weeks, on the cumulative hatching of H. latipons populations. Cumulative percentages of hatched populations. Vertical bars indicate the standard deviation of the means.
Figure 3 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 3. Effect of storage temperature at 5 °C, for 8 prior incubations at 10 and 15 °C for 12 weeks, on the cumulative hatching of H. latipons populations. Cumulative percentages of hatched populations. Vertical bars indicate the standard deviation of the means.
Figure 2 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 2. Effect of various temperatures on the emergence of J2s (J2s) of H. latiponspopulations. Cumulative percentages of hatched J2s followed by the same letter were not significantly different according to the Tukey HSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation of the means.
Figure 1 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 1. Neighbour-joining tree constructed based on the ITS sequence alignment of the H. latipons populations from this study and corresponding populations representing species from GenBank. Numbers on the branches represent bootstrap values obtained from 1000 bootstrap replications.
Figure 13 - C. zonarius 1 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)
Figure 13 - C. zonarius 1st instar, in captivity, feeding on Osteospermum moniliferum (Silwerstroomstrand, Cape Town) in a manner described for C. zeuxo by Clark & Dickson (1971:168). The usual host plant for C. zonarius in nature is O. incanum.
Figure 1 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)
Figure 1 – Flattened components of male genitalia of eight Chrysoritis species. From top to bottom: juxta (furca), valve, and saccus. (a) C. thysbe, (b) C. p. pyroeis, (c) C. oreas, (d) C. zonarius, (e) C. f. felthami, (f) C. l. lycegenes, (g) C. dicksoni, and (h) C. phosphor. Reproduced from Heath (1997: 60). See also Fig. 2 in Heath et al., 2023.
Figure 3 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)
Figure 3 – Micrographs of basal hind wing scales at three magnifications, under dorso-lateral lighting intending to invoke iridescence if any. Images show the base of the wing. A–C: C. violescens (Komsberg Pass, sample SAM-LEP-A041390). D– F: C. aridus (Studer's Pass, SAM-LEP-A041391). G–I: C. amatola stat. nov. (Groot Winterberg, SAM-LEP-A041392). Images by S. van Noort.
Figure 7 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)
Figure 7 - Eggs of four Chrysoritis species (not to scale). A. C. z. zonarius (Churchhaven). B. C. rileyi (Brand Vlei). C. C. blencathrae (Waaihoek Mt.). D. C. dicksoni (Witsand; photo: S.E. Woodhall).
Figure 9 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)
Figure 9 – Four tubercles (excluding tentacular organ) re-drawn from Clark & Dickson (1971). (a) C. nigricans, (b) C. pan, (c) C. p. palmus, (d) C. u. uranus.
Figure 11 – C. t. thysbe 5 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)
Figure 11 – C. t. thysbe 5th instar plus two Crematogaster peringueyi ants engaged in mutual trophallaxis, sharing honeydew that was taken from the larva's DNO (Blaauwberg N. Res.)
Figure 3 in Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)
Figure 3 – Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – red arrow indicates tip of female abdomen; B – images showing the titled angle of copulation: C – close-up of Fig. 3B.
Figure 1 in Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)
Figure 1 – Google Earth polygon (shaded area) of TL breeding area of Alaena margaritacea; an area of about 650 m2.
Figure 5 in Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)
Figure 5 – The red arrow points to the shiny black button ventrally at a distance away from the posterior tip of a living female abdomen.
Figure 6 in Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)
Figure 6 – SEM micrograph of ostium bursa of A. margaritacea female. It is situated ventrally towards the posterior end of the abdomen. Note the hardened cup and the substance covering the orifice (image: W. Landman).
Figure 2 in Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)
Figure 2 – Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – female wafting her wings; B – pair moved to a position where they are screened by an unidentified fern.
Supplementary material for: "Who gets the pole position? Spatial and social behaviour of snowfinches at winter feeders in Alpine habitat"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><span>In collective foraging, an individual’s ability to compete with conspecifics can considerably influence its foraging strategy and success. Strong competitors can fight for prioritised access to food, while weak competitors may avoid aggressions and rather seek out less contested foraging opportunities. However, insecure access to food can be detrimental to weak competitors, especially during periods of low and unpredictable resource availability. Here we investigated individual foraging behaviour of White-winged snowfinches <em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>, specialists of alpine habitats and their strategies for coping with competition for food resources in winter. A difference in condition dependence of survival rates between males and females in this species has made us hypothesise that males may be more dominant in accessing food resources than females. We set up artificial experimental food patches in the Swiss Alps to observe foraging male and female snow finches and recorded their behaviour in interactions with conspecifics and their spatial position relative to the food. We found that individuals frequently occupying positions close to the food resources were more involved in agonistic interactions than individuals staying in more distant positions.</span><span> </span><span>This result suggests that different individuals use different foraging strategies, probably depending on their level of competitiveness. Furthermore, we observed males to forage slightly closer to the food source than females,</span><span> </span><span>which could imply that females may have less access to artificial feeders than males. </span></p>
Figure 4 in Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)
Figure 4 – Abdomen of a female specimen. The red arrow points to the shiny black button-like structure situated at a relative distance away from the posterior tip (marked "p"). This button or sclerotized cup is part of the complex ostium bursa, which partially covers the vaginal orifice.
Dataset of the publication: Two-dimensional magnetic behaviour in hybrid NiFe-layered double hydroxides by molecular engineering
<p>Dataset of the publication: Two-dimensional magnetic behaviour in hybrid NiFe-layered double hydroxides by molecular engineering</p> <p>DOI: 10.1039/D2DT03804H</p> <p>A. Seijas-Da Silva, J. A. Carrasco, B. J. Vieira, J. C. Bentes Waerenborgh, E. Coronado, G. Abellán</p> <p>Dalton Trans., 2023,52, 1219-1228</p>
Land surface temperature (heatmaps) derived from earth observation data to assess thermal behaviour of 3 European cities: Milano, Logroño and Athens.
<p>Next tables present the detail description of the datasets developed in REACHOUT to characterize heat phenomena at city level by providing an assessment of the <strong>land surface temperature (heatmaps)</strong> of three European cities: Milan, Logroño and Athens. TECNALIA is the responsible partner for these datasets.</p> <p>There is a wide range of methods that can be used to characterise the thermal behaviour of a city, each of them with its advantages and disadvantages. One of these methods uses the land surface temperature that is obtained from remote sensing observations. Although thermal indices are considered more suitable when characterising thermal comfort, still the LST can provide a useful information about the behaviour of a citiy’s surfaces and materials. This has implications for several applications such as urban energy efficiency or urban environmental health. </p> <p>The input data used by the current version of the dataset came from Landsat 8. All the images acquired since 2013 by this satellite for Milan, Logroño and Athens were downloaded and processed to characterise not only the current (2019-2023) thermal behaviour of the city, but also its evolution considering the last seven 5-year windows.</p> <p>- 2013-2017<br>- 2014-2018<br>- 2015-2019<br>- 2016-2020<br>- 2017-2021<br>- 2018-2022<br>- 2019-2023</p> <p>The input data used in this dataset come from Landsat 8 downloaded from <a href="https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/">Earth Explorer (usgs.gov)</a>.</p> <p>The format of this dataset is organized in two ZIP format files:</p> <p>- LANDSAT_8_L2SP_000000-milan_LST_peak.zip</p> <p>- LANDSAT_8_L2SP_000000-logrono_LST_peak.zip</p> <p>- LANDSAT_8_L2SP_000000-athens_LST_peak.zip</p> <p>Each of these zip files contain seven TIF images that represent the peak LST map according to the images of the above mentioned seven periods. The peak LST is obtained after getting the Annual Cycle Parameters of each of the periods and selecting a 30-day window centred on the day that the city reaches the maximum LST.</p> <p>The values of the images are in degree Celsius and nodata value is -9999.</p> <p> </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.