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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Minor environmental concentrations of antibiotics can modify bacterial virulence in co-infection with a non-targeted parasite

Leakage of medical residues into the environment can significantly impact natural communities. For example, antibiotic contamination from agriculture and aquaculture can directly influence targeted pathogens, but also other non-targeted taxa of commensals and parasites that regularly co-occur and co-infect the same host. Consequently, antibiotics could significantly alter interspecific interactions and epidemiology of the co-infecting parasite community. We studied how minor environmental concentration of antibiotic affects the coinfection of two parasites, the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare and the fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, in their fish host. We found that antibiotic in feed, and particularly the minute concentration in water, significantly decreased bacterial virulence and changed the infection success of the flukes. These effects depended on the level of antibiotic resistance of the bacterial strains. Antibiotic, however, did not compensate for the higher virulence of co-infections. Our results demonstrate that even very low environmental concentration of antibiotic can influence ecology and epidemiology of diseases in co-infection with non-targeted parasites. Leakage of antibiotics into the environment may thus have more complex effects on disease ecology than previously anticipated.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Predicting the effects of parasite co-infection across species boundaries

It is normal for hosts to be coinfected by parasites. Interactions among coinfecting species can have profound consequences, including changing parasite transmission dynamics, altering disease severity, and confounding attempts at parasite control. Despite the importance of coinfection, there is currently no way to predict how different parasite species may interact with one another, nor the consequences of those interactions. Here we demonstrate a method that enables such prediction by identifying two nematode parasite groups based on taxonomy and characteristics of parasitological niche. From an understanding of the interactions between the two defined groups in one host system (wild rabbits), we predict how two different nematode species, from the same defined groups, will interact in coinfections in a different host system (sheep), and then we test this experimentally. We show that as predicted, in coinfections, the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus suppresses aspects of the sheep immune response, thereby facilitating the establishment and / or survival of the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis; and that the T. colubriformis-induced immune response negatively affects H. contortus. This work is the first to use empirical data from one host system to successfully predict the specific outcome of a different coinfection in a second host species. The study therefore takes the first step in defining a practical framework for predicting interspecific parasite interactions in other animal systems.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Raw data and SPSS analysis for the article Bacterial and fungal co-infections among ICU COVID-19 hospitalized patients in a Palestinian hospital: Incidence and antimicrobial stewardship

The attached data is related to a study with proposes to investigate the burden of bacterial and fungal co-infections outcomes on COVID-19 patients. It is a single-center cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Beit-Jala hospital in Palestine. The study included 321 hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU between June 2020 and March 2021 aged ≥20 years, Background: Diagnosis of co-infections with multiple pathogens among hospitalized COVID-19 patients can be jointly challenging and very essential for appropriate treatment, shortening hospital stay and preventing antimicrobial resistance. This study proposes to investigate the burden of bacterial and fungal co-infections outcomes on COVID-19 patients. It is a single center cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Beit-Jala hospital in Palestine. Methods: The study included 321 hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU between June 2020 and March 2021 aged ≥20 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via RT-PCR conducted on a nasopharyngeal swab. The patient's information was gathered using graded data forms from electronic medical reports. Results: The diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infection was proved through the patient`s clinical presentation and positive blood or sputum culture results. All cases had received empirical antimicrobial therapy before the ICU admission, and different regimens during the ICU stay. The rate of bacterial co-infection was 51.1%, mainly from gram-negative isolates (Enterobacter species and K.pneumoniae). The rate of fungal co-infection caused by A.fumigatus was 48.9%, and the mortality rate was 8.1%. However, it is unclear if it had been attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: The consequences of co-infections for parasite transmission in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

1)Co-infections may modify parasite transmission opportunities directly as a consequence of interactions in the within host environment, but also indirectly through changes in host life-history. Furthermore, host and parasite traits are sensitive to the abiotic environment with variable consequences for parasite transmission in co-infections. (2)We investigate how co-infection of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with two microsporidian parasites (Vavraia culicis and Edhazardia aedis) at two levels of larval food availability affects parasite transmission directly, and indirectly through effects on host traits (3)In a laboratory infection experiment we compared how co-infection, at low and high larval food availability, affected the probability of infection, within-host growth and the transmission potential of each parasite, compared to single infections. Horizontal transmission was deemed possible for both parasites when infected hosts died harbouring horizontally-transmitting spores. Vertical transmission was judged possible for E. aedis when infected females emerged as adults. We also compared the total input number of spores used to seed infections with output number, in single and co-infections for each parasite. (4)The effects of co-infection on parasite fitness were complex, especially for V. culicis. In low larval food conditions, co-infection increased the chances of mosquitoes dying as larvae or pupae, thus increasing opportunities for V. culicis' horizontal transmission. However, co-infection reduced larval longevity and hence time available for V. culicis spore production. Overall there was a negative net effect of co-infection on V. culicis whereby the number of spores produced was less than the number used to seed infection. Co-infections also negatively affected horizontal transmission of the more virulent parasite, E. aedis, through reduced longevity of pre-adult hosts. However, its potential transmission suffered less relative to V. culicis. (5)Our results show that co-infection can negatively affect parasite transmission opportunities, both directly as well as indirectly via effects on host life-history. We also find that transmission is contingent on the combined effect of the abiotic environment.

Effects of Viral and Bacterial Co-infections in Otherwise Healthy Children Hospitalized in Pediatric Department

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02325102. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 5.

Nutritional Support for HIV-Tuberculosis Co-infected Adults in Senegal, West Africa

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03711721. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Efficacy and Safety of E/C/F/TAF (Genvoya®) in HIV-1/Hepatitis B Co-infected Adults

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02071082. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 3. Publications: 0.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Inter Cohorts and Clinical Centres Collaborations of Subjects Co-infected With HIV and HCV

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03324633. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 37.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

A Study of JNJ-73763989 + Nucleos(t)Ide Analog in Participants Co-Infected With Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04535544. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 15. Publications: 0.

HCV-HIV Co-infected Patient Cohort in Thailand

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02247440. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Treatment of Acute Hepatitis C Virus in HIV Co-Infection

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00845676. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Efficacy and Safety of Peg-Interferon Alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin in Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Participants Co-Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02761629. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.