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230 results for “Data Aggregation”
Replication Package for: Scalable and Reliable Multi-Dimensional Sensor Data Aggregation in Data-Streaming Architectures
<p>This repository contains a replication package and experimental results for our study on <em>Scalable and Reliable Multi-Dimensional Sensor Data Aggregation in Data-Streaming Architectures</em>.</p> <p>It features the presented implementations with Kafka Streams, tools for load generation and data collection, scripts for executing the presented evaluations as well as our raw results and script for analysis. A detailed description is given in the top-level README.md file.</p>
Diurnal Self-Aggregation (rainfall data)
<p>Main surface rainfall model output data used in the main text of the publication "Diurnal Self-Aggregation".</p> <p> </p>
Data-driven models reveal mutant cell behaviors important for myxobacterial aggregation
<p>Single mutations frequently alter several aspects of cell behavior but rarely reveal whether a particular statistically significant change is biologically significant. To determine which behavioral changes are most important for multicellular self-organization, we devised a new methodology using <em>Myxococcus xanthus</em> as a model system. During development, myxobacteria coordinate their movement to aggregate into spore-filled fruiting bodies. We investigate how aggregation is restored in two mutants, <em>csgA</em> and <em>pilC</em>, that cannot aggregate unless mixed with wild type (WT) cells. To this end, we use cell tracking to follow the movement of fluorescently labeled cells in combination with data-driven agent-based modeling. The results indicate that just like WT cells, both mutants bias their movement toward aggregates and reduce motility inside aggregates. However, several aspects of mutant behavior remain uncorrected by WT demonstrating that perfect recreation of WT behavior is unnecessary. In fact, synergies between errant behaviors can make aggregation robust.</p>
Raw and aggregated data for the study introduced in the article "Citing and referencing habits in Medicine and Social Sciences journals in 2019"
<p>This dataset contains all the raw data and aggregated data subject of the study introduced in the article "Citing and referencing habits in Medicine and Social Sciences journals in 2019". The study is based on the bibliographic and citation data contained in 213 articles published in 46 journals in two subject areas: Medicine and Social Sciences. The articles contained a total amount of 9,911 bibliographic references and 16,193 mentions and quotations overall. In particular, the raw data are about 27 journals, 132 articles, 5,340 bibliographic references, 8,400 mentions and 5 quotations in Medicine, and 19 journals, 81 articles, 4,571 bibliographic references, 6,953 mentions and 835 quotations in Social Sciences.</p> <p>The dataset is composed of three files:</p> <ul> <li>the file "medicine-journals.csv" contains the raw data of the articles published in Medicine journals;</li> <li>the file "social-sciences-journals.csv" contains the raw data of the articles published in Social Sciences journals;</li> <li>the file "aggregated-data-medicine-social-sciences.csv" contains the aggregated data created considering the raw data in the previous files, which have been used to creating all the tables and figures in the article.</li> </ul>
Data from: Social interactions do not drive territory aggregation in a grassland songbird
<p>Understanding the drivers of animal distributions is a fundamental goal of ecology and informs habitat management. The costs and benefits of colonial aggregations in animals are well established, but the factors leading to aggregation in territorial animals remain unclear. Territorial animals might aggregate to facilitate social behavior such as (1) group defense from predators and/or parasites, (2) cooperative care of offspring, (3) extra-pair mating, and/or (4) mitigating costs of extra-pair mating through kin selection. Using experimental and observational methods, we tested predictions of all four hypotheses in a tallgrass prairie in NE Kansas, USA. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) males formed clumps of territories in some parts of the site while leaving other apparently suitable areas unoccupied. Despite substantial sampling effort (653 territories and 223 nests), we found no support for any hypothesized social driver of aggregation, nor evidence that aggregation increases nest success. Our results run counter to previous evidence that conspecific interactions shape territory distributions. These results suggest one of the following alternatives: (1) the benefits of aggregation accrue to different life history stages, or (2) the benefits of territory aggregation may be too small to detect in short-term studies and/or the consequences of aggregation are sufficiently variable over time and space that they do not always appear to be locally adaptive.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Dispersion, sedimentation, and aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as affected by single and binary mixed surfactants
Two commonly used dispersants octyl phenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were employed to explore the effects of single or mixed surfactants on the dispersion, sedimentation, and aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Nonionic surfactant TX100 showed much superior capability to anionic surfactant SDS in dispersing MWCNTs due to the benzene ring structure in its tail group. The addition of SDS reduced the adsorption of TX100 on the surface of MWCNTs and the consequent suspension of MWCNTs. The dispersing ability of TX100-SDS binary mixture was between those of individual SDS and TX100. The introduction of SDS greatly retarded the sedimentation and aggregation of suspended MWCNTs. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values of suspended MWCNTs dispersed by TX100 (2000 mg/L), SDS (2000 mg/L), and TX100-SDS (2000 mg/L of each component) were 48.6, 398, and 324 mM, respectively, for the Na+ treatments. The CCC values were much lower for Ca2+ treatments, which were 30.4 and 32.1 mM, respectively, for MWCNT dispersed by TX100 and TX100-SDS mixture. Overall, these results demonstrated that although the introduction of SDS did not improve the ability of TX100 in suspending MWCNTs, the suspensions exhibited more stable properties than those dispersed by TX100 alone. Our findings have important implications on the design of surfactant mixtures and the prediction on the behavior and fate of MWCNTs in water environment.
Data from: Viral infection causes sex-specific changes in fruit fly social aggregation behaviour
Host behavioural changes following infection are common and could be important determinants of host behavioural competence to transmit pathogens. Identifying potential sources of variation in sickness behaviours is therefore central to our understanding of disease transmission. Here, we test how group social aggregation and individual locomotor activity vary between different genotypes of male and female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) following septic infection with Drosophila C Virus. We find genetic-based variation in both locomotor activity and social aggregation but we did not detect an effect of DCV infection on fly activity or sleep patterns within the initial days following infection. However, DCV infection caused sex-specific effects on social aggregation, as male flies in most genetic backgrounds increased the distance to their nearest neighbour when infected. We discuss possible causes for these differences in the context of individual variation in immunity and their potential consequences for disease transmission.
Data from: Plant sex alters Allee effects in aggregating plant parasites
Species interactions are central to our understanding of population dynamics. While density typically strengthens competition, reducing absolute fitness, Allee effects can reverse this pattern, increasing fitness with density. Allee effects emerge in host-parasite systems when higher parasite densities dilute immune responses or increase resource-mobilization. The optimal density of individuals in these systems should be influenced by how host quality alters the rates at which facilitative and competitive effects change across densities. We tested these ideas using sumac (Rhus typhina) and a gall-forming parasite (Melaphis rhois) that attacks sumac leaves. Fitness peaked at intermediate densities , indicating an Allee effect, but the fitness peak depended on host sex. Patterns of abundance mirrored fitness patterns, with galls clustered on leaves and female hosts supporting greater numbers of galls. Within leaves, galls near the stem were more fit, and gall-makers preferentially oviposited near to the stem. The patterns of fitness and abundance are consistent with Allee effects caused by increased resource mobilization at higher gall-maker densities rather than diluted immune responses. Our results suggest that Allee effects in parasites can be described as the summative effects of competitive and facilitative processes and, because both are common, Allee effects are likely common in host-parasite systems.
Data from: Nature of the optical band shapes in polymethine dyes and H-aggregates: dozy chaos and excitons. Comparison with dimers, H*- and J-aggregates
Results on the theoretical explanation of the shape of optical bands in polymethine dyes, their dimers and aggregates are summarized. The theoretical dependence of the shape of optical bands for the dye monomers in the vinylogous series in line with a change in the solvent polarity is considered. A simple physical (analytical) model of the shape of optical absorption bands in H-aggregates of polymethine dyes is developed based on taking the dozy-chaos dynamics of the transient state and the Frenkel exciton effect in the theory of molecular quantum transitions into account. As an example, the details of the experimental shape of one of the known H-bands are well reproduced by this analytical model under the assumption that the main optical chromophore of H-aggregates is a tetramer resulting from the two most probable processes of inelastic binary collisions in sequence: first, monomers between themselves, and then, between the resulting dimers. The obtained results indicate that in contrast with the compact structure of J-aggregates (brickwork structure), the structure of H-aggregates is not the compact pack-of-cards structure, as stated in the literature, but a loose alternate structure. Based on this theoretical model, a simple general (analytical) method for treating the more complex shapes of optical bands in polymethine dyes in comparison with the H-band under consideration is proposed. This method mirrors the physical process of molecular aggregates forming in liquid solutions: aggregates are generated in the most probable processes of inelastic multiple binary collisions between polymethine species generally differing in complexity. The results obtained are given against a background of the theoretical results on the shape of optical bands in polymethine dyes and their aggregates (dimers, H*- and J-aggregates) previously obtained by V.V.E.
Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics and inverse size-assortment in a high-density fish spawning aggregation
Background: At high densities, terrestrial and marine species often employ alternate reproductive tactics (ARTs) to maximize reproductive benefits. We describe ARTs in a high-density and unfished spawning aggregation of the squaretail grouper (Plectropomus areolatus) in Lakshadweep, India. Results: As previously reported for this species, territorial males engage in pair-courtship, which is associated with a pair-spawning tactic. Here, we document a previously unreported school-courtship tactic; where territorial males court multiple females in mid-water schools, which appears to culminate in a unique 'school-spawning' tactic. Courtship tactics were conditional on body size, local mate density and habitat, likely associated with changing trade-offs between potential mating opportunities and intra-sexual competition. Counter-intuitively, the aggregation showed a habitat-specific inverse size-assortment: large males courted small females on the reef slope while small males courted equal-sized or larger females on the shelf. These patterns remained stable across two years of observation at high, unfished densities. Conclusions: These unique density-dependent behaviours may disappear from this aggregation as overall densities decline due to increasing commercial fishing pressure, with potentially large consequences for demographics and fitness.
Data from: The aggregate site frequency spectrum (aSFS) for comparative population genomic inference
Understanding how assemblages of species responded to past climate change is a central goal of comparative phylogeography and comparative population genomics, and an endeavor that has increasing potential to integrate with community ecology. New sequencing technology now provides the potential to gain complex demographic inference at unprecedented resolution across assemblages of non-model species. To this end, we introduce the aggregate site frequency spectrum (aSFS), an expansion of the site frequency spectrum to use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets collected from multiple, co-distributed species for assemblage-level demographic inference. We describe how the aSFS is constructed over an arbitrary number of independent population samples and then demonstrate how the aSFS can differentiate various multi-species demographic histories under a wide range of sampling configurations while allowing effective population sizes and expansion magnitudes to vary independently. We subsequently couple the aSFS with a hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC) framework to estimate degree of temporal synchronicity in expansion times across taxa, including an empirical demonstration with a dataset consisting of five populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Corroborating what is generally understood about the recent post-glacial origins of these populations, the joint aSFS/hABC analysis strongly suggests that the stickleback data are most consistent with synchronous expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum (posterior probability = 0.99). The aSFS will have general application for multi-level statistical frameworks to test models involving assemblages and/or communities and as large-scale SNP data from non-model species become routine, the aSFS expands the potential for powerful next-generation comparative population genomic inference.
Data from: A survey of digitized data from U.S. fish collections in the iDigBio data aggregator
Recent changes in institutional cyberinfrastructure and collections data storage methods have dramatically improved accessibility of specimen-based data through the use of digital databases and data aggregators. This analysis of digitized fish collections in the U.S. demonstrates how information from data aggregators, in this case iDigBio, can be extracted and analyzed. Data from U.S. institutional fish collections in iDigBio were explored through a strictly programmatic approach using the ridigbio package and fishfindR web application. iDigBio facilitates the aggregation of collections data on a purely voluntary fashion that requires collection staff to consent to sharing of their data. Not all collections are sharing their data with iDigBio, but the data harvested from 38 of the 143 known fish collections in the U.S. that are in iDigBio account for the majority of fish specimens housed in U.S. collections. In the 22 years since publication of the last survey providing information on these 38 collections, 1,219,168 specimen records (lots), 15,225,744 specimens, 3,192 primary types, and 32,868 records of secondary types have been added. This is an increase of 65.1% in the number of cataloged records and an increase of 56.1% in the number of specimens. In addition to providing specimen-based data for research, education, and various outreach activities, data that are accessible via data aggregators can be used to develop accurate, up-to-date reports of information on institutional collections. Such reports present collections data in an organized and accessible fashion and can guide targeted efforts by collections personnel to meet discipline-specific needs and make data more transparent to downstream users. Data from this survey will be updated and published regularly in a dynamic web application that will aid collections staff in communicating collections value while simultaneously giving stakeholders a way to explore collections holdings as they relate to the institutions in which they are housed. It is through this resource that collections will be able to leverage their data against those of similar collections to aid in the procurement of financial and institutional support.
Data from: The contribution of marine aggregate-associated bacteria to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in oysters: an agent-based model
Bivalves process large volumes of water, leading to their accumulation of bacteria, including potential human pathogens (e.g., vibrios). These bacteria are captured at low efficiencies when freely suspended in the water column, but they also attach to marine aggregates, which are captured with near 100% efficiency. For this reason, and because they are often enriched with heterotrophic bacteria, marine aggregates have been hypothesized to function as important transporters of bacteria into bivalves. The relative contribution of aggregates and unattached bacteria to the accumulation of these cells, however, is unknown. We developed an agent-based model to simulate accumulation of vibrio-type bacteria in oysters. Simulations were conducted over a realistic range of concentrations of bacteria and aggregates and incorporated the dependence of pseudofeces production on particulate matter. The model shows that the contribution of aggregate-attached bacteria depends strongly on the unattached bacteria, which form the colonization pool for aggregates and are directly captured by the simulated oysters. The concentration of aggregates is also important, but its effect depends on the concentration of unattached bacteria. At high bacterial concentrations, aggregates contribute the majority of bacteria in the oysters. At low concentrations of unattached bacteria, aggregates have a neutral or even a slightly negative effect on bacterial accumulation. These results provide the first evidence suggesting that the concentration of aggregates could influence uptake of pathogenic bacteria in bivalves and show that the tendency of a bacterial species to remain attached to aggregates is a key factor for understanding species-specific accumulation.
Data from: Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation
Formation of amyloid fibrils underlies a wide range of human disorders, including Alzheimer's and prion diseases. The amyloid fibrils can be readily detected thanks to thioflavin T (ThT), a small molecule that gives strong fluorescence upon binding to amyloids. Using the amyloid fibrils of Aβ40 and Aβ42 involved in Alzheimer's disease, and of yeast prion protein Ure2, here we study three aspects of ThT binding to amyloids: quantification of amyloid fibrils using ThT, the optimal ThT concentration for monitoring amyloid formation and the effect of ThT on aggregation kinetics. We show that ThT fluorescence correlates linearly with amyloid concentration over ThT concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 500 µM. At a given amyloid concentration, the plot of ThT fluorescence versus ThT concentration exhibits a bell-shaped curve. The maximal fluorescence signal depends mostly on the total ThT concentration, rather than amyloid to ThT ratio. For the three proteins investigated, the maximal fluorescence is observed at ThT concentrations of 20–50 µM. Aggregation kinetics experiments in the presence of different ThT concentrations show that ThT has little effect on aggregation at concentrations of 20 µM or lower. ThT at concentrations of 50 µM or more could affect the shape of the aggregation curves, but this effect is protein-dependent and not universal.
Data from: High ambient temperatures induce aggregations of chimney swifts (Chaetura pelagica) inside a roost
One proposed advantage of communal roosting in birds is a reduction in the costs of thermoregulation. As thermoregulatory benefits are directly linked to the distance between roosting birds, we examined whether temperature is related to inter‐bird spacing in roosting chimney swifts (Chaetura pelagica). To test the hypothesis that huddling is used to reduce the costs of thermoregulation, we predicted that swifts would cluster more at colder temperatures. We mounted an all‐weather camera atop a 61 m tall industrial masonry chimney, one of the largest swift roosts in the study region. We deployed temperature loggers inside the chimney and obtained ambient air temperature from a nearby weather station. From 16 May – 24 July 2013, we captured hourly images of the positions of roosting swifts at night. We used image analysis software to mark the angular positions of all roosting swifts, and calculated mean angles of orientation (preferred direction) inside the roost and the circular variance (i.e., the concentration of swifts around the mean angle). We used a Gamma regression to relate temperature inside and outside the roost to the clustering of swifts around the mean angle for 3 time periods (pre‐nesting, nesting, and post‐nesting). Converse to our prediction, swifts were closer together when ambient air temperatures were warmer in all periods (pre‐nesting (p<0.001, n=168), nesting (p<0.001, n=224), and post‐nesting (p<0.001, n=135)). Our findings suggest that swifts do not increase clustering intensity in response to colder temperatures, but instead they increase clustering intensity in response to the warmest ambient temperatures. This likely a metabolic response to reduced prey availability at higher temperatures and/or an attempt to reduce evaporative water loss. We suggest clustering may be used by chimney swifts as an energy saving mechanism during periods of lowered food availability.
Data from: Why pair? Evidence of aggregative mating in a socially monogamous marine fish (Siganus doliatus, Siganidae)
Many species live in stable pairs, usually to breed and raise offspring together, but this cannot be assumed. Establishing whether pairing is based on mating, or an alternative cooperative advantage, can be difficult, especially where species show no obvious sexual dimorphism and where the act of reproduction itself is difficult to observe. In the tropical marine fishes known as rabbitfish (Siganidae), half of extant species live in socially monogamous, territorial pairs. It has been assumed that partnerships are for mating, but the reproductive mode of pairing rabbitfish is currently unconfirmed. Using passive acoustic telemetry to track movements of fishes belonging to one such species (Siganus doliatus), we provide the first evidence that paired adult fish undertake highly synchronized migrations with multiple conspecifics on a monthly cycle. All tagged individuals migrated along the same route in three consecutive months and were absent from home territories for 2–3 days just after the new moon. The timing and directionality of migrations suggest that S. doliatus may form spawning aggregations, offering the potential for exposure to multiple reproductive partners. The finding raises fundamental questions about the basis of pairing, mate choice and partnership longevity in this family.
Data from: A continuous model of physiological prion aggregation suggests a role for Orb2 in gating long-term synaptic information
The regulation of mRNA translation at the level of the synapse is believed to be fundamental in memory and learning at cellular level. The family of Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding (CPEB) proteins emerged as an important RNA binding protein family during development and in adult neurons. Drosophila Orb2 (homolog of mouse CPEB3 protein and of the neural isoform of Aplysia CPEB) has been found to be involved in the translation of plasticity-dependent mRNAs and has been associated to Long Term Memory. Orb2 protein presents two main isoforms, Orb2A and Orb2B, which form an activity induced amyloid-like functional aggregate, that is thought to be the translation-inducing state of the RNA binding protein. Here we present a first two-states continuous differential model for Orb2A-Orb2B aggregation. This model provides new working hypotheses for studying the role of prion-like CPEB proteins in long term synaptic plasticity. Moreover, this model can be used as a first step to integrate translation- and protein aggregation-dependent phenomena in synaptic facilitation rules.
Data from: Excavation and aggregation as organizing factors in de novo construction by mound-building termites
Termites construct complex mounds that are orders of magnitude larger than any individual and fulfil a variety of functional roles. Yet the processes through which these mounds are built, and by which the insects organize their efforts, remain poorly understood. The traditional understanding focuses on stigmergy, a form of indirect communication in which actions that change the environment provide cues that influence future work. Termite construction has long been thought to be organized via a putative 'cement pheromone': a chemical added to deposited soil that stimulates further deposition in the same area, thus creating a positive feedback loop whereby coherent structures are built up. To investigate the detailed mechanisms and behaviours through which termites self-organize the early stages of mound construction, we tracked the motion and behaviour of major workers from two Macrotermes species in experimental arenas. Rather than a construction process focused on accumulation of depositions, as models based on cement pheromone would suggest, our results indicated that the primary organizing mechanisms were based on excavation. Digging activity was focused on a small number of excavation sites, which in turn provided templates for soil deposition. This behaviour was mediated by a mechanism of aggregation, with termites being more likely to join in the work at an excavation site as the number of termites presently working at that site increased. Statistical analyses showed that this aggregation mechanism was a response to active digging, distinct from and unrelated to putative chemical cues that stimulate deposition. Agent-based simulations quantitatively supported the interpretation that the early stage of de novo construction is primarily organized by excavation and aggregation activity rather than by stigmergic deposition.
Geometry and Opacity Data for Fractal Aggregates
<p>In a previous version of this archive, geometry data and tables of opacity calculations were given that could be used to calculate the radiative pressure and absorption on fractal dust grains under Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) conditions (with a peak stellar wavelength of ~ 1 micron) for aggregates containing up to 256 primary particles. Because the focus of that work was on radiative pressure from a stellar spectrum peaking at approximately 1 micron, these data only covered the wavelength range from 0.3 to 30 microns. In this updated archive the wavelength range of the data has been expanded to allow calculation of the emission of the grains at longer wavelengths. Data are calculated for three common dust materials: forsterite, (Mg2SiO4), olivine, (Mg_(2x)Fe_(2(1-x))SiO4) with x=0.5, and 'astronomical silicate' (B.T. Draine and H.M. Lee, Optical Properties of Interstellar Graphite and Silicate Grains, Astrophysical Journal, 1984). In this updated version the range of aggregate sizes (number of primary particles in the aggregate) of some of these materials has also been increased from a maximum of 256 to 1024 constituent particles.<br> <br>Example fractal aggregates were generated using the Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) code as described in Wozniak M., Onofri F.R.A., Barbosa S., Yon J., Mroczka J., Comparison of methods to derive morphological parameters of multi-fractal samples of particle aggregates from TEM images, Journal of Aerosol Science 47: 12–26 (2012) and Onofri F.R.A., M. Wozniak, S. Barbosa, On the Optical Characterization of Nanoparticle and their Aggregates in Plasma Systems, Contributions to Plasma Physics 51(2-3):228-236 (2011). Aggregates were generated with a constant prefactor, kf=1.3, and two fractal dimensions (Df), representing open, porous (Df=1.8) aggregates and more compact (Df=2.8) aggregates.<br> <br>The geometry files were produced with the DLA software. An example run using this software is shown for aggregates with 256 primary particles and a fractal dimension of 2.8 in the file 'dla_example.png'<br> <br>For the fractal dimension=1.8 data, the number of primary particles in the aggregate, N, was increased up to 1024 from the previous maximum of 256 for all three dust materials investigated. In addition, the data for MgFeSiO4 with a fractal dimension of 2.8 was increased from 256 to 1024. As in the previous archive, 12 instances of each aggregate size were generated with primary particles having a radius of 0.5. These geometry data are given in:<br>aggregates_kf1.3_df1.8.zip --> Geometry for a prefactor of 1.3 and fractal dimension 1.8<br>aggregates_kf1.3_df2.8.zip --> Geometry for a prefactor of 1.3 and fractal dimension 2.8<br> <br>An example file name for an aggregate is 'N_00000032_Agg_00000008.dat' where the first number is the number of primary particles in the aggregate (N=32) and the second number is the instance number (e.g. 8 of 12). The radius of each primary particle in an aggregate is 0.5. The geometry files have 4 columns: the x, y and z coordinates of each primary particle followed by the primary particle radius. In each zip file there is also a pdf document that describes the geometry data and shows an image of each geometry file.</p> <p> <br>These geometry data were then used to calculate the opacity of the aggregates using the Multiple Sphere T-Matrix code (MSTM v 3.0) developed by Daniel Mackowski (D.W. Mackowski, M.I. Mishchenko, A multiple sphere T-matrix Fortran code for use on parallel computer clusters, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Volume 112, Issue 13, 2011). Data were generated using the first 10 instances of each aggregate size, and the geometry data were appropriately scaled to calculate the opacity data for primary particle radii ranging from 0.001 - 1.0 microns. As noted earlier, an earlier version of this archive was focused on radiative pressure on these aggregates and only covered the spectrum of a typical AGB star (0.3 to 30 microns wavelength). In this updated version this wavelength range has been increased to the longer wavelength limits of the optical data. By default, MSTM calculations are made along the z-axis of the geometry data. Additional calculations were made along the x and y axes for each aggregate. Therefore the final data set is the average of 30 values (10 instances each in the x,y,z directions).<br> <br>The opacity data files are given in:</p> <p>astronomical_silicate_df1.8.zip --> astronomical silicate aggregates with fractal dimension 1.8<br>astronomical_silicate_df2.8.zip --> astronomical silicate aggregates with fractal dimension 2.8<br>forsterite_df1.8.zip --> forsterite aggregates with fractal dimension 1.8<br>forsterite_df2.8.zip --> forsterite aggregates with fractal dimension 2.8<br>olivine_df1.8.zip --> olivine aggregates with fractal dimension 1.8<br>olivine_df2.8.zip --> olivine aggregates with fractal dimension 2.8</p> <p>In the previous version of this archive, only the table files with the averages of the 10 instances were provided. In this updated version each of the individual opacity files used to create these tables is now also provided. These opacity files are numbered similar to the geometry files. For example, the opacity calculations for N=32, instance=5, angle=3 is given by <br>'opacity_results_N000032_I05_A03_file.dat.' Each file begins with a short header describing the data. For example, the astronomical silicate header for this N=32, instance=5, angle=3 file is:</p> <p>#############################################################################################<br># Number of primary particles in aggregate: 32 <br># Geometry Instance Number: 5 <br># Geometry File Name: N_00000032_Agg_00000005.dat <br># Rotation Angles: 90.000 90.000 0.000 <br># Number of radius values: 30 <br># Minimum and maximum radius values in microns: 1.00000e-003 1.00000e+000 <br># Number of wavelength values: 92 <br># Minimum and maximum wavelength values in microns: 3.00000e-001 1.00000e+004 <br>#############################################################################################</p> <p>Afterwards the columns list the line number, the primary particle radius (microns), the wavelength (microns), the extinction efficiency factor, the absorption efficiency factor, the scattering absorption efficiency factor, the asymmetry factor and the radiation pressure efficiency factor. These efficiency factors are based on the effective radius of the aggregate described later in this document.</p> <p>Within each of these zipped folders is a file that contains the averages of these individual opacity files. For example 'astronomical_silicate_df1.8.dat' is the averaged data for the astronomical silicate aggregates with a fractal dimension 1.8. As in the previous archive, the first lines of these table files are a header starting with the '#' character describing the table and the source of the optical data used.<br> <br>After the header, the first line of data in the table has the following nine values giving the range for the data table and number of samples in N, (aggregate size), primary particle radius (microns) and wavelength (microns). These are:<br> Minimum aggregate size<br> Maximum aggregate size<br> Number of Aggregate samples<br> Primary Particle Minimum Radius (microns)<br> Primary Particle Maximum Radius (microns)<br> Number of Primary Particle radii samples<br> Wavelength minimum (microns)<br> Wavelength maximum (microns)<br> Number of Wavelength samples <br> <br>Subsequent lines contain 13 columns. These columns give the efficiency factors and asymmetry factor for aggregates. These efficiency factors are based on the effective radius of the aggregate given by:<br> a_eff = a_primary*N^(1/3)<br>where a_primary is the primary particle radius and N is the number of primary particles in the aggregate.<br> <br>For example, the absorption opacity of an aggregate would then be = pi*a_eff^2 * Q_abs.<br>The values in each column are:<br> Column 1: Primary particle radius in microns<br> Column 2: Wavelength in microns<br> Column 3: Number of primary particles in aggregate<br> Column 4: Mean Q_ext, mean extinction efficiency factor<br> Column 5: Standard Deviation of Mean Q_ext <br> Column 6: Mean Q_abs, mean absorption efficiency factor<br> Column 7: Standard Deviation of Mean Q_abs<br> Column 8: Mean Q_sca, mean scattering efficiency factor<br> Column 9: Standard Deviation of mean Q_sca<br> Column 10: Mean g_cos, mean asymmetry factor<br> Column 11: Standard Deviation of mean asymmetry factor<br> Column 12: Mean Q_pr, mean radiation pressure efficiency factor<br> Column 13: Standard Deviation of mean </p>
Data and Codes for Kim et al. "Discovering the Multisectoral Impacts of the Global Energy Sector Outcomes through Diverse Cross-ensemble Aggregation Measures"
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.