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1,890 results for “Defects”
Mechanism of Ca2+ in regulating pupation defects of Bombyx mori after exposure to chlorantraniliprole
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Internal defect database of mechanically deformed ferritic steel via X-ray computed tomography
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Data from: The origin of sound damping in amorphous solids: Defects and beyond
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PI3K block restores age-dependent neurovascular coupling defects associated with cerebral small vessel disease
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Data from: Insights into chemical and structural order at planar defects in Pb2(MgW)O6 using multislice electron ptychography
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Data for: A systems genetics approach identifies roles for proteasome factors in heart development and congenital heart defects
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Data from: Covalent disruptor of YAP-TEAD association suppresses defective Hippo signaling
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7-Dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterols cause neurogenic defects in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
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Fine-Grained Just-In-Time Defect Prediction - Appendix
<p>Defect prediction models focus on identifying defect-prone code elements, for example to allow practitioners to allocate testing resources on specific subsystems and to provide assistance during code reviews. While the research community has been highly active in proposing metrics and methods to predict defects on long-term periods (i.e., at release time), a recent trend is represented by the so-called short-term defect prediction (i.e., at commit-level). Indeed, this strategy represents an effective alternative in terms of effort required to inspect files likely affected by defects. Nevertheless, the granularity considered by such models might be still too coarse. Indeed, existing commit-level models highlight an entire commit as defective even in cases where only specific files actually contain defects. </p> <p>In this paper, we first investigate to what extent commits are partially defective; then, we propose a novel fine-grained just-in-time defect prediction model to predict the specific files, contained in a commit, that are defective. Finally, we evaluate our model in terms of (i) performance and (ii) the extent to which it decreases the effort required to diagnose a defect. Our study highlights that: (1) defective commits are frequently composed of a mixture of defective and non- defective files, (2) our fine-grained model can accurately predict defective files with an AUC-ROC up to 82% and (3) our model would allow practitioners to save inspection efforts with respect to standard just-in-time techniques.</p>
Mapping the Local Spatial Charge in Defective Diamond by Means of N-V Sensors—A Self-Diagnostic Concept
<p>Mapping the Local Spatial Charge in Defective Diamond by Means of N-V Sensors—A Self-Diagnostic Concept</p> <p>Electrically active defects have a significant impact on the performance of electronic devices based on wide-band-gap materials. This issue is ubiquitous in diamond science and technology, since the presence of charge traps in the active regions of different classes of diamond-based devices (detectors, power diodes, transistors) can significantly affect their performance, due to the formation of space charge, memory effects, and the degradation of the electronic response associated with radiation-induced damage. Among the most common defects in diamond, the nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) center possesses unique spin properties that enable high-sensitivity field sensing at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that N-V ensembles can be successfully exploited to perform direct local mapping of the internal electric-field distribution of a graphite-diamond-graphite junction exhibiting electrical properties dominated by trap- and space-charge-related conduction mechanisms. By means of optically detected magnetic resonance measurements, we performed both point-by-point readout and spatial mapping of the electric field in the active region at different bias voltages. In this novel “self-diagnostic” approach, defect complexes represent not only the source of detrimental space-charge effects but also a unique tool for their direct investigation, by providing an insight on the conduction mechanisms that could not be inferred in previous studies on the basis of conventional electrical and optical characterization techniques.</p>
IO Islamic 955. Futûḥât-i-Humâyûn, A Defective History of the First Twelve Years of the Reign of Shâh 'Abbâs the Great
<p>IO Islamic 955. Futûḥât-i-Humâyûn, A Defective History of the First Twelve Years of the Reign of Shâh ‘Abbâs the Great</p>
Dataset for "Edge Defects and Energy Barriers in Skyrmion Monolayers"
<p><em><strong>Dataset for "Edge Defects and Energy Barriers in Skyrmion Monolayers"</strong></em></p> <p>This dataset provides data from a series of atomistic simulations from experiments on the effects of varying the size of defects on a monolayer of Cobalt, where defects of three shapes (square, triangle and bezier) are varied in size, and the effect of the demagnetising interaction viewed.<br> The simulations were performed with the open-source software Fidimag (10.5334/jors.223, 10.5281/zenodo.2650286).</p> <p>The dataset is split into several directories, and the data is either stored in VTK files (which can be opened by a variety of free tools, for e.g. Paraview and MayaVi, TecPlot), and CSV files and NDT files, which can be opened in standard numerical data libraries and software (e.g. Pandas, NumPy, Excel, LibreOffice Calc) or opened in a text editor for viewing directly.</p> <p><strong>energy-barrier-data</strong></p> <p>This folder contains space delimited NDT files which give the energy information history across a set of simulations. This contains 6 folders:<br> squ-nd, tri-nd, bez-nd and squ-wd, tri-wd, bez-wd which correspond to data for the square, triangle and bezier defects, calculated without and with the demagnetising interaction respectively.</p> <p>For the triangle datasets, the files are labelled with the width of the defect. For the square datasets, the files are labelled with the width and height of the defect. For the bezier datasets, the files are labelled with the width, and the height of the control point for a bezier curve.</p> <p>Each row in the data file gives the energy of a set of images in the Nudged Elastic Band Method at a given iteration; thus, the final row is the converged energy data.</p> <p><strong>energy-term-data-triangles</strong></p> <p>This folder contains more detailed energy information calculated for the converged triangle images. These CSV files are labelled with the width of the defect, and 'nd' for no demagnetising interaction, and 'wd' if the demagnetistaion is present (e.g. 'w_0.5_nd.csv' is the file for a width 0.5nm triangular defect with no demagnetising interaction). These files have columns corresponding to the different magnetic energies (Exchange, Anisotropy, DMI, Demagnetising) in Joules for each image in the NEBM calculation, along with the total energy of each state.</p> <p><strong>vtks</strong></p> <p>This folder contains VTK files of some of the states used to create figures. There are six folders <br> * no-defect and no-defect-wd which correspond to the set of images from simulations of the nanostructure with no defect present<br> * squ-5.0_5.0 and squ-wd-5.0_5.0 which are for the sample with a 5.0nm by 5.0nm defect<br> * tri-7.0 and tri-wd-7.0 which are for the sample with a triangular defect of width 7.0nm.</p>
Data from: Assessment of lung function in successfully treated Tuberculosis reveals high burden of ventilatory defects and COPD
<p>Background: Burden, phenotype and risk-factors of lung function defects in successfully treated tuberculosis cases are unclear. Methods: We performed spirometry with bronchodilators in new drug-sensitive adult (>18 years) pulmonary tuberculosis cases during the 12 months following successful treatment in India. Airflow obstruction was defined as pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<5th percentile of Global Lung Initiative mixed-ethnicity reference (lower limit of normal [LLN]). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC</p> <p>Methods: We performed spirometry with bronchodilators in new drug-sensitive adult (≥18 years) pulmonary tuberculosis cases during the 12 months following successful treatment in India. Airflow obstruction was defined as pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<5<sup>th</sup> percentile of Global Lung Initiative mixed-ethnicity reference (lower limit of normal [LLN]). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<LLN among participants with obstruction. Restrictive spirometry pattern was defined as FVC<LLN among participants without obstruction. Multivariable logistic and linear regression was used to identify risk-factors for obstruction, restriction and low lung function despite successful treatment.</p> <p>Results: Of the 172 participants included in the analysis, 82 (48%) were female, 22 (13%) had diabetes and 34 (20%) ever-smoked with a median (IQR) exposure of 3.5 (0.2–9.9) pack-years. Median (IQR) age and body-mass index (BMI) at enrollment was 32 (23–39) years and 18.1 (16.0–20.5) kg/m<sup>2</sup> respectively. Airflow obstruction was detected in 42 (24%) participants; of whom 9 (21%) responded to short-acting bronchodilators and 25 (56%) had COPD; and was associated with duration of illness prior to treatment (aOR = 1.32 per 30-days, 95%CI 1.04–1.68, p = 0.02). A restrictive spirometry pattern was detected in 89 (52%) participants and was associated with female sex (aOR = 3.73, 95%CI 1.51–9.17, p = 0.004) and diabetes (aOR = 4.06, 95%CI 1.14–14.42, p = 0.03). Higher HbA1c at treatment initiation was associated with greater odds of a restrictive spirometry pattern (aOR = 1.29 per unit higher HbA1c, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.60, p = 0.02).</p> <p>We found a high burden of lung function defects and COPD in tuberculosis cases who successfully completed treatment. Screening for chronic lung diseases following treatment and linkage to respiratory health clinics should be included in the routine management plan of all tuberculosis cases in India, regardless of conventional COPD risk-factors such as older age and smoking.</p>
Data from: Biomechanical evaluation of peak reverse torque (PRT) in a dynamic compression plate-screw construct used in a goat tibia segmental defect model
Background Peak reverse torque (PRT) is a valid method to evaluate implants' secondary stability in the healing bone. The secondary stability is achieved by the implant over time and it has been positively correlated with the implants' osseointegration level. In other words, peak reverse torque is the force required to break the bone-implant interface. The purpose of this study was to compare the peak reverse torque for the self-tapping and non-self-tapping screws used in a dynamic compression plate–screw–bone construct after 60 days of loading when used to stabilize 2.5-cm defects in the tibia of goats. The second objective was to compare the peak removal torque of the screws placed in the different positions to evaluate the impact of construct biomechanics on implants osseointegration. Results In total, 176 non-self-tapping screws and 66 self-tapping screws were used to fix the 8-holes dynamic compression plates to the bones. The screws were placed in the tibiae from proximal (position sites 1,2, 3) to distal (position sites 4,5,6) and were removed 60 days post-implantation. The animals remained weight-bearing throughout the study period. The screws placed in the proximal diaphysis had significantly less peak reverse torque than screws placed in the distal diaphysis in both groups (p < 0.05). The peak reverse torque resistance was also significantly less for the non-self-tapping screws as compared with the self-tapping screws (p < 0.05). The intracortical fractures in the trans-cortex occurred significantly more frequently during the placement of non-self-tapping screws (p < 0.05) as compared with self-tapping screws (p < 0.05). Conclusions Based on these results, we concluded that self-tapping screws may be expected to maintain a more stable bone-implant interface during the first 60 days of loading as compared with non-self-tapping screws. This should be a consideration for orthopedic surgeons and scientists using bone plates to stabilize non-load sharing fractures when a stable plate-screw-bone interface is needed to ensure prolonged stability.
Class-A penicillin binding proteins do not contribute to cell shape but repair cell-wall defects
Cell shape and cell-envelope integrity of bacteria are determined by the peptidoglycan cell wall. In rod-shaped Escherichia coli, two conserved sets of machinery are essential for cell-wall insertion in the cylindrical part of the cell: the Rod complex and the class-A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs). While the Rod complex governs rod-like cell shape, aPBP function is less well understood. aPBPs were previously hypothesized to either work in concert with the Rod complex or to independently repair cell-wall defects. First, we demonstrate through modulation of enzyme levels that aPBPs do not contribute to rod-like cell shape but are required for mechanical stability, supporting their independent activity. By combining measurements of cell-wall stiffness, cell-wall insertion, and PBP1b motion at the single-molecule level, we then present evidence that PBP1b, the major aPBP, contributes to cell-wall integrity by repairing cell wall defects.
Time traces for axisymmetric Hann defects
<p>Time trace data in Matlab format as described in PRSA paper by P Huthwaite, 2016, 'Improving accuracy through density correction in guided wave tomography', sect 7.</p> <p> </p>
Impact of defects on the phase diagram and field response of ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3
<p>This repository contains the simulation results for (Ba,Sr)TiO3 using coarse-grained molecular dynamics package <a title="Feram" href="https://loto.sourceforge.net/feram/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Feram</a>.</p> <p>These data can be visualized with scripts in the <a href="https://gitlab.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/tengssh/p1-defect_study/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RUB gitlab</a> repository and are supplementary for an associated publication.<br>The publication link will be provided after publishing.</p> <p>All files (1: data.avg, 2: *.dipoRavg, 3: *.coord, 4: *.hl, 5: *.defects) use the space-separated format.</p> <p>(1) data.avg columns:<br>T: temperature in Kelvin<br>Ex Ey Ez: external_E_field along x,y,z in V/Angstrom.<br>exx eyy ezz eyz ezx exy: strain tensor<br>ux uy uz: dipole displacements in Angstrom<br>uxux uyuy uzuz uyuz uzux uxuy: cross-terms of dipole displacements in Angstrom^2<br>dk: dipo_kinetic in eV/u.c.<br>lr: long_range in eV/u.c.<br>dEf: dipole_E_field in V/Angstrom<br>unhar: unharmonic in eV/u.c.<br>s_ho: homo_strain in eV/u.c.<br>c_ho: homo_coupling in eV/u.c.<br>s_inho: inho_strain in eV/u.c.<br>c_inho: inho_coupling in eV/u.c.<br>etot: total energy in eV/u.c.<br>HNP: H_Nose_Poincare in eV/u.c.<br>e2: e2<br>dkt: dipo_kinetic_true in eV/u.c.<br>ak: acuou_kinetic in eV/u.c.<br>sr: short_range in eV/u.c.<br>mod: inho_modulation in eV/u.c.<br>px py pz: px py pz<br>ppx ppy ppz ppyz ppzx ppxy: ppx ppy ppz ppyz ppzx ppxy<br>mx my mz: <ux>, <uy>, <uz> in Angstrom<br>amx amy amz: <|ux|>, <|uy|>, <|uz|> in Angstrom</p> <p>(2) *.dipoRavg columns:<br>x y z: coordinates<br>ux uy uz: dipole displacements in Angstrom</p> <p>(3) *.coord columns:<br>x y z: coordinates<br>ux uy uz: dipole displacements in Angstrom<br>ppx ppy ppz: dipoP<br>ddx ddy ddz: dVddi<br>arx ary arz: acouR<br>apx apy apz: acouP</p> <p>(4) *.hl columns:<br>step: timestep<br>T: temperature in Kelvin<br>Ex Ey Ez: external_E_field in V/Angstrom <br>exx eyy ezz eyz ezx exy: strain tensor<br>ux uy uz: dipole displacements in Angstrom</p> <p>(5) *.defects columns:<br>x y z: coordinates<br>ux uy uz: dipole displacements in Angstrom</p> <p><br><br></p>
Brittle and Crystal-Plastic Defect Dynamics of Calcite Single Crystals
<p>Dataset for paper containing zip files with images, video files, mechanical and acoustic data for each experiment.</p>
Melting and Defect Transitions in FeO up to Pressures of Earth's Core-Mantle Boundary
<p>The tables here represent the Source Data for Figure 6 in the manuscript titled "Melting and defect transitions in FeO up to pressures of Earth's core-mantle boundary.</p>
[Data set] Alloy [FA,Cs]PbI3 Perovskite Surfaces, Stability and Tolerance to Defect Formation
<p>This is the data repository related to the simulations of alloy [FA,Cs]PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Surfaces.</p> <p>The surfaces here (Slabs.tgz) included are the relaxed structure of the slab models obtained by making cuts in the (001) direction in the special quasi-random structure (SQS) bulk models of FA<sub>1-x</sub>Cs<sub>x</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> with (x=0.25 and 0.5), and the supercell models of pure FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and CsPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites.[1] Besides, we include the optimized structures of each neutral vacancy pair defects (Slabs-defects.tgz) of formamidinium iodide and/or cesium iodide created in the most stable alloy [FA,Cs]I-C-FA<sub>0.75</sub>Cs<sub>0.25</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> surface (see details in the paper). The ionic relaxations were performed with VASP code (version 6.2.1), using the PBE exchange-correlation functional, including Van der Waals corrections using the Grimme method with zero-damping function.</p> <p>Finally, the data set includes the simulated ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) trajectories of the most stable alloy and pure slabs, [FA,Cs]I-C-FA<sub>0.75</sub>Cs<sub>0.25</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> and FAI-PbI<sub>3</sub>), including neutral vacancy pair defects of formamidinium iodide on a surface (Slabs-defects-AIMD.tgz). The AIMD calculations were performed with the CP2K code (V7.1), evaluating the forces with the PBE functional with the Grimme correction scheme (DFT- D3, Zero–damped correction). The trajectory productions include up to 15 ps using the microcanonical ensemble with 0.5 fs of time-step, considering 5 ps of thermalization time. More details in the article support information. </p> <p> </p> <p>Reference:</p> <p>1. G. M. Dalpian, X. G. Zhao, L. Kazmerski, A. Zunger, <em>Chem. Mater.</em> <strong>31</strong>, 2497–2506 (2019).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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