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203 results for “Fish Evolution”
Figure 6 from: Bayçelebi E (2020) Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 747-767. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
Figure 6 Salmonidae species of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea Basin of Turkey. a.Salmo chilo, stream Human; b.S. labecula, stream Ecemiş; c.S. opimus, stream Fırnız; d.S. platycephalus, stream Pınarbaşı; e.Oncorhynchus mykiss, Seyhan Dam Lake.
Figure 4 from: Bayçelebi E (2020) Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 747-767. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
Figure 4 Cobitidae species of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea Basin of Turkey and Syria. a.Cobitis aliyeae, stream Üçürgesuyu-I; b.C. anabelae, stream Karasu-I; c.C. erkakanae, stream Aksu-IV, connecting Lakes Gölbaşı photo: JF; d.C. evreni, stream Göksun-I; e.C. levantina, stream Nahr al Barid photo: JF.
Figure 5 from: Bayçelebi E (2020) Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 747-767. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
Figure 5 Nemacheilidae species of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea Basin of Turkey. a.Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis, stream Göksun-II; b.O. cilicicus, stream Eğlence; c.O. evreni, Lake Gölbaşı; d.O. hamwii, stream Karasu-II; e.O. namiri, stream Hanne; f.O. samanticus, stream Sarnaz; g.O. seyhanensis, stream Zamantı-II photo: JF; h.O. seyhanicola, stream Eğlence.
Figure 2 from: Bayçelebi E (2020) Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 747-767. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
Figure 2 Cyprinidae species of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea Basin of Turkey and Syria. a.Capoeta barroisi, stream Karasu-II; b.C. damascina, stream Karasu-II; c.C. erhani, stream Aksu-III; d.Carasobarbus chantrei, Lake Balık; e.Carassius gibelio, stream Karasu-II; f.Cyprinus carpio, stream Karasu-II; g.Garra caudomaculata stream Karasu-I; h.G. culiciphaga, stream Aksu-II; i.Garra sp. Stream Hanne; j.G. turcica, stream Üçürgesuyu-I; k.G. variabilis, stream Nahr al Barid photo: JF; l.Luciobarbus pectoralis, stream Aksu-II.
Figure 3 from: Bayçelebi E (2020) Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 747-767. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
Figure 3 Leuciscidae species of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea Basin of Turkey. a.Acanthobrama orontis, Seyhan Dam Lake; b.A. thisbeae, stream Afrin; c.Alburnus kotschyi, stream Üçürgesuyu-III; d.A. magnificus, stream Bedirge; e.A. orontis, stream Karasu-II; f.A. sellal, Lake Gölbaşı; g.Chondrostoma kinzelbachi, stream Karasu-I; h.C. ceyhanensis, stream Karasu-V; i.Leuciscus vorax, Orontes River-VII photo: JF; j.Pseudophoxinus cilicicus, stream Karasu-V; k.P. firati, spring Karahalka; l.P. libani, Lake Balık; mP. turani, stream İncesu; n.P. zekayi, Lake Gölbaşı; o.P. zeregi, stream Hanne; p.Squalius adanaensis, stream Üçürgesuyu-I; r.S. seyhanensis, stream Zamantı-II; s.S. kottelati; stream Karasu-II.
Figure 10 from: Bayçelebi E (2020) Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 747-767. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
Figure 10 Views from the Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes River drainages, representative of habitat. a. Stream Eğlence (Seyhan); b. Stream Üçürge (Seyhan); c. Stream Aksu-III (Ceyhan); d. Spring Çöçelli (Ceyhan); e. Stream Karasu-I (Orontes); f. Lake Balık (Orontes).
Adaptation to herbivory and detritivory drives the convergent evolution of large abdominal cavities in a diverse freshwater fish radiation (Otophysi: Characiformes)
<p>Convergent evolution is often interpreted as evidence of natural selection favoring an optimal phenotype during adaptation. Morphological convergence is frequently found among lineages that converge on diet, but most studies have focused on morphological traits that relate exclusively to food handling and processing. In vertebrates, there is a strong inverse relationship between intestine length and trophic level. However, little is known about whether adaptation to a low trophic level influences the evolution of abdominal cavities that can accommodate larger intestines. Here, I reconstruct the evolutionary history of trophic ecology and examine abdominal cavity shape across 157 species of the fish order Characiformes to determine whether adaptation to an herbivorous-detritivorous diet drives convergent evolution of large abdominal cavities. Herbivorous-detritivorous species evolved significantly larger abdominal cavities than other trophic groups and repeatedly converged on a similar abdominal cavity morphology. Other trophic groups evolved abdominal cavity morphologies either stochastically or by selective pressures from an untested ecological character. These findings demonstrate that the selective demands of a larger intestinal tract promote the repeated convergence of a large abdominal cavity within herbivorous-detritivorous characiform fishes, while allowing other lineages to evolve randomly or adapt in response to other selection pressures, contributing to the overall body shape diversity of the order.</p>
Data from: Molecular evolution of the neural crest regulatory network in ray-finned fish
Gene regulatory networks (GRN) are central to developmental processes. They are composed of transcription factors and signaling molecules orchestrating gene expression modules that tightly regulate the development of organisms. The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent cell population that is considered a key innovation of vertebrates. Its derivatives contribute to shaping the astounding morphological diversity of jaws, teeth, head skeleton or pigmentation. Here, we study the molecular evolution of the NC GRN by analyzing patterns of molecular divergence for a total of 36 genes in 16 species of bony fishes. Analyses of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rate ratios (dN/dS) support patterns of variable selective pressures among genes deployed at different stages of NC development, consistent with the developmental hourglass model. Model-based clustering techniques of sequence features support the notion of extreme conservation of NC-genes across the entire network. Our data show that most genes are under strong purifying selection that is maintained throughout ray-finned fish evolution. Late NC development genes reveal a pattern of increased constraints in more recent lineages. Additionally, seven of the NC-genes showed signs of relaxation of purifying selection in the famously species-rich lineage of cichlid fishes. This suggests that NC genes might have played a role in the adaptive radiation of cichlids by granting flexibility in the development of NC-derived traits – suggesting an important role for NC network architecture during the diversification in vertebrates.
Data from: Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis reveals the pattern and tempo of bony fish evolution
Over half of all vertebrates are "fishes", which exhibit enormous diversity in morphology, physiology, behavior, reproductive biology, and ecology. Investigation of fundamental areas of vertebrate biology depend critically on a robust phylogeny of fishes, yet evolutionary relationships among the major actinopterygian and sarcopterygian lineages have not been conclusively resolved. Although a consensus phylogeny of teleosts has been emerging recently, it has been based on analyses of various subsets of actinopterygian taxa, but not on a full sample of all bony fishes. Here we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study on an unprecedented combination of broad taxonomic sampling of actinopterygian and sarcopterygian lineages (with a chondrichthyan outgroup) using a molecular data set of 21 independent loci. These data yielded a resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for extant Osteichthyes, including 1) reciprocally monophyletic Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii, as currently understood, with polypteriforms as the first diverging lineage within Actinopterygii; 2) a monophyletic group containing gars and bowfin (= Holostei) as sister group to Teleostei; and 3) the earliest diverging lineage among teleosts being Elopomorpha, rather than Osteoglossomorpha. Relaxed-clock dating analysis employing a set of 24 newly applied fossil calibrations reveals divergence times that are more consistent with paleontological estimates than previous studies. Establishing a new phylogenetic pattern with accurate divergence dates for bony fishes illustrates several areas where the fossil record is incomplete and provides critical new insights on diversification of this important vertebrate group.
Data from: Body shape transformation along a shared axis of anatomical evolution in labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei)
Major morphological transformations, such as the evolution of elongate body shape in vertebrates, punctuate evolutionary history. A fundamental step in understanding the processes that give rise to such transformations is identification of the underlying anatomical changes. But as we demonstrate in this study, important insights can also be gained by comparing these changes to those that occur in ancestral and closely related lineages. In labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei), rapid evolution of a highly derived torpedo-shaped body in the common ancestor of the pikehead (Luciocephalus aura and L. pulcher) occurred primarily through exceptional elongation of the head, with secondary contributions involving reduction in body depth and lengthening of the precaudal vertebral region. This combination of changes aligns closely with the primary axis of anatomical diversification in other anabantoids, revealing that pikehead evolution involved extraordinarily rapid change in structures that were ancestrally labile. Finer-scale examination of the anatomical components that determine head elongation also shows alignment between the pikehead evolutionary trajectory and the primary axis of cranial diversification in anabantoids, with much higher evolutionary rates leading to the pikehead. Altogether, our results show major morphological transformation stemming from extreme change along a shared morphological axis in labyrinth fishes.
Data from: Correlated evolution of body and fin morphology in the cichlid fishes
Body and fin shape are chief determinants of swimming performance in fishes. Different configurations of body and fin shape can suit different locomotor specializations. The success of any configuration is dependent upon the hydrodynamic interactions between body and fins. Despite the importance of body-fin interactions for swimming, there are few data indicating whether body and fin configurations evolve in concert, or whether these structures vary independently. The cichlid fishes are a diverse family whose well-studied phylogenetic relationships make them ideal for the study of macroevolution of ecomorphology. This study measured body, caudal and median fin morphology from radiographs of 131 cichlid genera, using morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to determine whether these traits exhibit correlated evolution. Partial least squares canonical analysis revealed that body, caudal fin, dorsal fin, and anal fin shapes all exhibited strong correlated evolution consistent with locomotor ecomorphology. Major patterns included the evolution of deep body profiles with long fins, suggestive of maneuvering specialization; and the evolution of narrow, elongate caudal peduncles with concave tails, a combination that characterizes economical cruisers. These results demonstrate that body shape evolution does not occur independently of other traits, but among a suite of other morphological changes that augment locomotor specialization.
Data from: Evolution of movement rate increases the effectiveness of marine reserves for the conservation of pelagic fishes
Current debates about the efficacy of no-take marine reserves (MR) in protecting large pelagic fish such as tuna and sharks have usually not considered the evolutionary dimension of this issue, which emerges because the propensity to swim away from a given place, like any other biological trait, will probably vary in a heritable fashion among individuals. Here, based on spatially-explicit simulations, we investigated whether selection to remain in MRs to avoid higher fishing mortality can lead to the evolution of more philopatric fish. Our simulations, which covered a range of life histories among tuna species (skipjack tuna vs. Atlantic Bluefin tuna) and shark species (great white sharks vs. spiny dogfish) suggested that MRs were most effective at maintaining viable population sizes when movement distances were lowest. Decreased movement rate evolved following the establishment of marine reserves, and this evolution occurred more rapidly with higher fishing pressure. Evolutionary reductions in movement rate led to increases in within-reserve population sizes over the course of the 50 years following MR establishment, although this varied among life-histories, with skipjack responding fastest and great white sharks slowest. Our results suggest the evolution of decreased movement can augment the efficacy of marine reserves, especially for species, such as skipjack tuna, with relatively short generation times. Even when movement rates did not evolve substantially over 50 years (e.g., given long generation times or little heritable variation), marine reserves were an effective tool for the conservation of fish populations when mean movement rates were low or MRs were large.
Data from: The evolution of traits and functions in herbivorous coral reef fishes through space and time
Herbivory by fishes has been identified as a key ecological process shaping coral reefs through time. Although taxonomically limited, herbivorous reef fishes display a wide range of traits, which results in varied ecosystem functions on reefs around the world. Yet, we understand little about how these trait combinations and functions in ecosystems changed through time and across biogeographic realms. Here we used fossils and phylogenies in a functional ecological framework to reveal temporal changes in nominally herbivorous fish assemblages among oceanic basins in both trait space and lineage richness among functions. We show that the trait space occupied by extant herbivorous fishes in the Indo-Pacific resulted from an expansion of traits from the ancestral Tethyan assemblages. By contrast, trait space in the Atlantic is the result of lineage turnover, with relatively recent colonization by lineages that arose in the east Tethys/Indo-Pacific. From an ecosystem function perspective, the Atlantic supports a depauperate fauna, with few extant herbivorous reef fish lineages performing each function. Indo-Pacific fishes support both more functions and more lineages within each function, with a marked Miocene to Pleistocene expansion. These disparities highlight the importance of history in explaining global variation in fish functional composition on coral reefs.
Data from: Mitochondrial phylogeny of notothenioids: a molecular approach to Antarctic fish evolution and biogeography
Antarctic waters represent a unique marine environment delimited by an oceanographic barrier, the Polar Front Zone, and characterized by constant subzero temperatures and presence of sea ice. A group of teleost fish, the Notothenioidei, have adapted to these challenging environmental conditions, undergoing a remarkable diversification. In the present study a total of 798 base pairs, generated from partial sequencing of 16S and 12S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes, were examined in 33 notothenioid species representative of all families included in the suborder Notothenioidei. Phylogenetic trees, reconstructed on the basis of sequence data using different methods, indicate that traditional hypotheses on notothenioid systematics and biogeography might be in need of reexamination. Molecular evidence suggests that vicariant speciation could be invoked to explain the early divergence of Eleginops maclovinus, a species previously included in the family Nototheniidae, which is now proposed as the closest sister group to all the rest of notothenioids apart from bovichtids. On the other hand, repeated, independent dispersal through the Polar Front is proposed for the divergence of other subantarctic notothenioid species. Likewise, multiple, independent transitions from benthic to pelagic habit are inferred from molecular data, at variance with the more conservative hypothesis based on cladograms reconstructed from morphological data.
Data from: The evolution of pharyngognathy: a phylogenetic and functional appraisal of the pharyngeal jaw key innovation in labroid fishes and beyond
The perciform group Labroidei includes approximately 2,500 species and comprises some of the most diverse and successful lineages of teleost fishes. Composed of four major clades, Cichlidae, Labridae (wrasses, parrotfishes and weed whitings), Pomacentridae (damselfishes), and Embiotocidae (surfperches), labroids have been an icon for studies of biodiversity, adaptive radiation, and sexual selection. The success and diversification of labroids have been largely attributed to the presence of a major innovation in the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, pharyngognathy, which is hypothesized to increase feeding capacity and versatility. We present results of large-scale phylogenetic analyses and a survey of pharyngeal jaw functional morphology, that allow us to examine the evolution of pharyngognathy in a historical context. Phylogenetic analyses were based on a sample of 188 acanthomorph species, primarily percomorphs, and DNA sequence data collected from ten nuclear loci that have been previously used to resolve higher-level ray-finned fish relationships. Phylogenies inferred from this dataset using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicate polyphyly of the traditional Labroidei and clearly separate Labridae from the remainder of the traditional labroid lineages (Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, and Pomacentridae). These three "chromide" families all grouped together within a newly discovered clade of 40 families and more than 5,300+ species (>30% of percomorphs and >17% of all ray-finned fishes), which we name Ovalentaria for its characteristic demersal, adhesive eggs with chorionic filaments. This fantastically diverse clade includes some of the most species-rich lineages of marine and freshwater fishes, including all representatives of the Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, Pomacentridae, Ambassidae, Gobiesocidae, Grammatidae, Mugilidae, Opistognathidae, Pholidichthyidae, Plesiopidae (including Notograptus), Polycentridae, Pseudochromidae, Atherinomorpha, and Blennioidei. Beyond the discovery of Ovalentaria, this study provides a surprising, but well-supported, hypothesis for a convict-blenny (Pholidichthys) sister group to the charismatic cichlids and new insights into the evolution of pharyngognathy. Bayesian stochastic mapping ancestral state reconstructions indicate pharyngognathy has evolved at least six times in percomorphs, including four separate origins in members of the former Labroidei, one origin in the Centrogenyidae, and one origin within Beloniformes. Our analyses indicate that all pharyngognathous fishes have a mechanically efficient biting mechanism enabled by the muscular sling and a single lower jaw element. However, a major distinction exists between Labridae, which lacks the widespread, generalized percomorph pharyngeal biting mechanism, and all other pharyngognathous clades, which possess this generalized biting mechanism in addition to pharyngognathy. This suggests that labrids have a functionally more restricted pharyngeal system than all other pharyngognathous clades.
Data from: Evolution of vertebrate postcranial complexity: axial skeleton regionalization and paired appendages in a Devonian jawless fish
One of the major events in vertebrate evolution involves the transition from jawless (agnathan) to jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, including a variety of cranial and postcranial innovations. It has long been assumed that characters such as the pelvic girdles and fins, male intromittent organs independent from the pelvic girdles, as well as a regionalized axial skeleton first appeared in various basal gnathostome groups if not at the origin of gnathostomes. Here we describe the first occurrence of pelvic girdles and intromittent organs in the Late Devonian jawless anaspid‐like fish Euphanerops longaevus Woodward (Miguasha Lagerstätte, eastern Canada), associated with a morphologically differentiated region of the axial skeleton. Morphological differentiation of the axial skeleton is also described for the first time in an extant jawless fish, the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus. Our data indicate that regionalization of the axial skeleton occurred earlier in vertebrate evolutionary history than previously appreciated. This regionalization is coupled with modifications of the appendicular skeleton in Euphanerops. These new observations combined with a new phylogenetic analysis of early vertebrates provide a more precise understanding of how the appendicular and axial skeletons developed and evolved within vertebrate evolutionary history.
Data from: Agouti-related peptide 2 facilitates convergent evolution of stripe patterns across cichlid fish radiations
The color patterns of African cichlid fishes provide notable examples of phenotypic convergence. Across the more than 1200 East African rift lake species, melanic horizontal stripes have evolved numerous times. We discovered that regulatory changes of the gene agouti-related peptide 2 (agrp2) act as molecular switches controlling this evolutionarily labile phenotype. Reduced agrp2 expression is convergently associated with the presence of stripe patterns across species flocks. However, cis-regulatory mutations are not predictive of stripes across radiations, suggesting independent regulatory mechanisms. Genetic mapping confirms the link between the agrp2 locus and stripe patterns. The crucial role of agrp2 is further supported by a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout that reconstitutes stripes in a nonstriped cichlid. Thus, we unveil how a single gene affects the convergent evolution of a complex color pattern.
Data and Code Files for Dalponti et al. Climate Affects the Correlated Evolution of Body Size and Trophic Position in Fishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 4 from: Jusoh WFA, Chua MAH, Bakker PAJ, Kamminga P, Weiler D, Rookmaaker K, Low MEY (2022) A historical specimen of the Fishing Cat, Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) (Carnivora, Felidae) from Singapore in the zoological collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76940
Figure 4 The plate of "Viverine Cat" in the second volume of the "Illustrations" (Gray 1832–1834) which was published between 10 September and 1 October 1834. Reproduced from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (http://biodiversitylibrary.com/).
Supplementary material 1 from: Jusoh WFA, Chua MAH, Bakker PAJ, Kamminga P, Weiler D, Rookmaaker K, Low MEY (2022) A historical specimen of the Fishing Cat, Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) (Carnivora, Felidae) from Singapore in the zoological collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76940
Raw skull measurements and PCA loading matrix
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