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3,295 results for “Fracture”
Equivalent Biot and Skempton poroelastic coefficients for a fractured rock mass from a DFN approach
<p>These files allow the estimation of equivalent Biot and Skempton coefficients for a fractured rock mass. </p> <p>The folder is organized into: </p> <ul> <li><strong>validation</strong>: this folder contains the files used for the comparison of theoretical expressions with numerical results. In detail, it contains input scripts and results of the numerical HM simulation in 3DEC, input scripts and results for the DFN generation and analytical estimation of the coefficients, scripts for the comparison of numerical and theoretical estimations</li> <li><strong>sensitivity</strong>: this folder contains the files used for the sensitivity analysis. In particular, it contains scripts for the direct estimation of coefficients and for the estimations from the generated DFNs, for the case of parallel fractures and for randomly oriented fractures. </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Relating hydro-mechanical and elastodynamic properties of dynamically-stressed tensile-fractured rock in relation to fracture aperture and contact area
<p>We exploit nonlinear elastodynamic properties of fractured rock to probe the micro-scale mechanics of fractures and understand the relation between fluid transport and fracture aperture and area, stiffness proxy, under dynamic stressing. Experiments are conducted on rough, tensile-fractured Westerly granite specimen subject to triaxial stresses. Fracture permeability is measured from steady-state fluid flow with deionized water. Pore pressure oscillations are applied at amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1~MPa at 1~Hz frequency. During dynamic stressing we transmit acoustic signals through the fracture using an array of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) to monitor the evolution of fracture interface properties. We examine the influence of fracture aperture and contact area by conducting measurements at effective normal stresses of 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20~MPa. Additionally, the evolution of contact area with stress is characterized using pressure sensitive film. These experiments are conducted separately with the same fracture and they map contact area at stresses from 9 to 21~MPa. The resulting `true' area of contact measurements made for the entire fracture surface and within the calculated PZT sensor footprints, numerical modeling of Fresnel zone. We compare the elastodynamic response of the the fracture using the stress-induced changes ultrasonic wave velocities for a range of transmitter-receiver pairs to image spatial variations in contact properties, which is informed by fracture contact area measurements. These measurements of the nonlinear elasticity are related to the fluid-flow, permeability, in response to dynamic stressing and similar comparisons are made for the slow-dynamics, recovery, of the fracture interface following the stress perturbations.</p>
A comparative assessment of different adaptive spatial refinement strategies in phase-field fracture models for brittle fracture
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>(from [1])</p> <blockquote> <p>For the smeared approximation of a discrete crack, phase-field fracture simulations of brittle materials require suitable finite element meshes in regions where crack propagation is expected to get an accurate resolution of the phase-field function. The intuitive option is to pre-refine the mesh in regions of the expected crack paths. However, this could lead to very computationally intensive simulations due to the high number of elements. Alternatively, adaptive spatial refinement of the finite element mesh is utilized based on appropriate error indicators to obtain the required accuracy in the areas of crack propagation. Different error indicators can be used: the most common one for phase-field fracture simulations is the threshold-based approach, in which elements are refined depending on the value of the phase-field function. Alternatively, the Kelly error indicator can be used as a criterion for spatial adaptivity. It considers the jumps in the gradients of the phase-field function between the elements. We additionally introduce here an error indicator based on configurational forces, that depend on the Eshelby stress tensor. For mode I loading in linear elastic fracture mechanics, the configurational forces have a close connection to the <span class="math-tex">\(\mathscr{J}\)</span>-Integral and the critical fracture energy <span class="math-tex">\(\mathrm{G}_\mathrm{c}\)</span> , respectively. Therefore, a suitable norm of the configurational forces is introduced as an error indicator here. These three error indicators are introduced and compared to each other in terms of accuracy and efficiency by means of numerical examples for crack growth in the single edge notched shear test.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Contact:</strong></p> <p>Maurice Rohracker</p> <p>Institute of Applied Mechanics</p> <p>Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg</p> <p>Egerlandstr. 5</p> <p>91058 Erlangen</p> <p><strong>Software:</strong></p> <p>All phase-field fracture simulations were performed with <em>deal.II</em> [2], version 9.2.0, on the HPC cluster <em>Meggie</em> of NHR@FAU. The authors gratefully acknowledge the scientific support and HPC resources provided by the Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU) of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU). The hardware is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).</p> <p><strong>License:</strong></p> <p>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</p> <p><strong>Context:</strong></p> <p>Dataset supplementing preprint:</p> <p>[1] M.Rohracker, P.Kumar, J.Mergheim, "A comparative assessment of different adaptive spatial refinement strategies in phase-field fracture models for brittle fracture", Forces in Mechanics, 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100157">10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100157</a>.</p> <p>This dataset contains the complete results presented in [1], which include global variables, field variables, and meshes.</p> <p><strong>File structure:</strong></p> <p>The file structure is explained in more detail in the shipped <em>README.md</em> in the dataset folder.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>[1] M.Rohracker, P.Kumar, J.Mergheim, "A comparative assessment of different adaptive spatial refinement strategies in phase-field fracture models for brittle fracture", Forces in Mechanics, 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100157">10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100157</a>.</p> <p>[2] D. Arndt, W. Bangerth, B. Blais, T. C. Clevenger, M. Fehling, A. V. Grayver, T. Heister, L. Heltai, M. Kronbichler, M. Maier, P. Munch, J.-P. Pelteret, R. Rastak, I. Thomas, B. Turcksin, Z. Wang, D. Wells, <strong>The deal.II Library, Version 9.2</strong> Journal of Numerical Mathematics, vol. 28, p. 131-146, 2020.</p>
The stress- and fluid-pressure-driven frictional slip data for variably roughened fractures in Gonghe granite
<p class="Abstract"><a name="_Hlk122089471"></a><span>We explore</span><span> the impacts of stress- and fluid-pressure-driven frictional slip on variably roughened fractures in Gonghe granite (Qinghai province, China). Slip is on an inclined fracture under simple triaxial stresses with concurrent fluid throughflow allowing fault permeability to be measured both pre- and post-reactivation. Under stress-drive, smooth faults are first slip-weakening and transition to slip-strengthening with rough faults slip-strengthening, alone. A friction criterion accommodating a change in friction coefficient and fault angle is able to fit the data of stable-slip and stick-slip. Under fluid-pressure-drive, excess pore pressures must be significantly larger than average pore pressures suggested by the stress-drive-derived failure criterion. This overpressure is conditioned by the heterogeneity of the pore pressure distribution in radial flow on the fault and related to the change in permeability</span><span>. Fault roughness impacts both the coefficient of friction and the permeability and therefore exerts important controls in fluid-injection-induced earthquakes.</span><span> </span><span>The results potentially improve our ability to assess and mitigate the risk of injection-induced earthquakes in EGS.</span><span> </span></p>
Fracture propagation captured by high-speed camera 2: Video (configuration 4)
<p>The video presents the target plate captured by high-speed camera 2 during testing, and shows the damage for configuration 4. A line can be observed between the first and the third impact and a lighter one between the second and third impact. A deeper analysis of the three enlarged holes highlights the location of crack tips and the crack between the first and the third hole. The line between impact 1 and 3 corresponds, to a full crack formation on the plate. On the contrary, there is only an initiation of crack formation between impacts 2 and 3.</p>
Experimentally measuring weak fracture toughness anisotropy in graphene
<p>Extended finite element analysis (XFEM) modeling the fracture process of 2D materials with anisotropic fracture toughness. Modification from the classic XFEM, this updated script is based on the maximum energy release rate criterion, and anisotropic fracture toughness in sine form and hexagonal symmetry is included. By modifying the ratio of maximum and minimum fracture toughness, model geometry, boundary conditions, and pre-crack location and direction, the fracture patterns, as well as the local fracture parameters including stress intensity factors and energy release rate at the crack tip can be calculated. Moreover, in this script, the distance of the crack extension at every step is irrelevant to the mesh size of the geometry, thus accuracy and computation efficiency is enhanced.</p>
Characteristic Pressures and Fracture Orientations from Hydraulic Stimulation Project STIMTEC and STIMTEC-X
<p>Characteristic pressure and fracture orientations for each stimulated interval determined in the stimulation campaigns in Reiche Zeche, Freiberg, Germany in the framework of STIMTEC and STIMTEC-X project.</p>
Survival analysis after vertebral compression fractures in population over 65 years old
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality in vertebral compression fractures (VCF) is rarely directly associated with the fracture. Lower mortality has been demonstrated when fractures are treated surgically (vertebral augmentation) versus conservatively. However, the exact mechanism that justifies this increased survival is unknown. This study aims to analyze overall survival in elderly patients who have suffered a non-pathological VCF, its causes, and the relationship with different factors.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients over 65 years old diagnosed with acute, non-pathologic thoracic or lumbar VCF, treated consecutively in our center from January 2017 to December 2020, were retrospectively selected for analysis. Those patients with follow-ups under two years or who required arthrodesis due to poor fracture evolution were excluded. Only the first process was considered for patients who presented a second VCF in the first three months.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 509 consecutive fractures were registered. Seventeen were excluded, leaving 492 cases for final analysis. The mean age was 78.9 years old. Overall mortality was 36.2%. Survival rate at 1-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 60-month follow-up was 97.4%, 86.6%, 78.0%, 64.4%, and 59.4%, respectively. The independent factors associated with a higher mortality risk were age, male, oncologic history, non-traumatic mechanism, and co-morbidity during hospitalization. No statistical differences were found when comparing the two survival curves by treatment (vertebral augmentation vs. conservative management) over time. No benefit was observed in those patients with comprehensive outpatient geriatric care. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, male sex, history of oncological disease, non-traumatic mechanism of the fracture, and any comorbidity during hospitalization were identified as variables independently associated with a higher risk of mortality following a VCF in the elderly. Vertebral augmentation and comprehensive outpatient geriatric care showed no benefit in overall survival.</p>
The heterogeneous rheological properties of rock mass caused the formation of deep tension fractures
<p>Date for the paper —The heterogeneous rheological properties of rock mass caused the formation of deep tension fractures.</p>
Online supplement to manuscript: "Ability of ChatGPT to generate competent radiology reports for distal radius fracture by use of RSNA template items and integrated AO classifier." Current problems in diagnostic radiology (2023).
<p>Online supplement to manuscript: </p> <p>Bosbach, Wolfram A., Jan F. Senge, Bence Nemeth, Siti H. Omar, Milena Mitrakovic, Claus Beisbart, András Horváth, Johannes Heverhagen, and Keivan Daneshvar. "Ability of ChatGPT to generate competent radiology reports for distal radius fracture by use of RSNA template items and integrated AO classifier." <em>Current problems in diagnostic radiology</em> (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.04.001">doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.04.001</a></p>
A Benchmark Analytical Solution for Variable Viscosity Flow in Fractured Media: Development and Comparative Analysis with Numerical Simulations
<p>This data is associated with <strong>(a) Figure 3.</strong> Comparison between the velocities obtained through analytical calculations and those estimated numerically, and <strong>(b) Figure 4.</strong> Comparison of the BTCs obtained through analytical calculations and those estimated numerically.</p>
Validation of Fracture Caging to Contain Hydraulic Fractures: Timeseries, Videos, and Model Script
<p>The data file include an Excel spreadsheet and two videos for each experimental test.</p> <p>You can start with reading the ReadMeFirst.txt file to understand the whole structure of the dataset.</p> <p>The caging_model.txt file includes python codes to calculate critical flow rates and uncaged fracture radius according to the theory that the authors developed and will be published soon.</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in toxicity and inorganic composition of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water
<p>Hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas extraction produces large volumes of wastewater, termed flowback and produced water (FPW), that are highly saline and contain a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the present study, FPW samples from ten hydraulically fractured wells, across two geologic formations were collected at various timepoints. Samples were analyzed to determine spatial and temporal variation in their inorganic composition. Results indicate that FPW composition varied both between formations and within a single formation, with large compositional changes occurring over short distances. Temporally, all wells showed a time-dependent increase in inorganic elements, with total dissolved solids increasing by up to 200,000 mg/L over time, primarily due to elements associated with salinity (Cl, Na, Ca, Mg, K). Toxicological analysis of a subset of the FPW samples showed median lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) of FPW to the aquatic invertebrate <em>Daphnia magna</em> were highly variable, with the LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 1.16% to 13.7% FPW. Acute toxicity of FPW significantly correlated with salinity, indicating salinity is a primary driver of FPW toxicity, however organic components also contributed to toxicity. This study provides insight into spatiotemporal variability of FPW composition and illustrates the difficulty in predicting aquatic risk associated with FPW.</p>
Simulation data for paper "Estimation of in-situ stresses and friction properties of rock masses based on natural fractures conductivity: a case study from C0002 well at Nankai Trough zone, offshore Shikoku Island, Japan"
<p>Supplementary files for Dubinya, Tikhotskiy paper entitled "Estimation of in-situ stresses and friction properties of rock masses based on natural fractures conductivity: a case study from C0002 well at Nankai Trough zone, offshore Shikoku Island, Japan" prepared for submission to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.</p> <p> </p> <p>File "Initial data on fractures.csv" contains initial data on conductivity of natural fractures, their deoths and spatial orientations</p> <p>Files "Unit N, (un)limited friction" contain results of Monte-Carlo simulations completed based on data from fractures from N-th interval. Friction coefficient is varied either between 0 and 1 (unlimited friction), or 0.4 and 0.6 (limited friction).</p>
Radial Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment: 3 Cycles of Fracture Propagation, Arrest, and Closure in Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone - Sample M04
<h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4> <p>This dataset encompasses detailed measurements from a lab-scale radial hydraulic fracturing experiment conducted on a cubic sample of Molasse de Villarlod sandstone, designated as Sample M04. The sandstone, sourced from a quarry in Fribourg, Switzerland, is known for its porosity (18.1%) and permeability, making it an ideal material for studying hydraulic fracture processes. The primary focus of the experiment was to observe and analyze the propagation, arrest, and closure of hydraulic fractures under controlled triaxial stress conditions.</p> <h4><strong>Experimental Setup</strong></h4> <p>The experiment was conducted on a cubic sandstone sample with dimensions of 25 × 25 × 25 cm. The sample was placed in a truetriaxial frame that applied confining stresses in all three principal directions:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Vertical Confining Stress:</strong> 5 MPa</li> <li><strong>Horizontal Confining Stress:</strong> 15 MPa</li> </ul> <p>A <strong>viscous glycerol fluid (0.57 Pa.s) containing a UV additive</strong> was used as the fracturing fluid. This fluid was injected through a 1/8'' high-pressure tube cemented with epoxy into a centrally drilled hole within the sample. An axisymmetric notch was created at the injection point to facilitate fracture initiation and promote the planarity of the fracture.</p> <p>The experiment was designed to simulate three cycles of fracture initiation, propagation, arrest, and closure. The closure of the fracture was occured by the leakoff of the fracturing fluid into the surrounding porous medium.</p> <h4><strong>Acoustic Monitoring</strong></h4> <p>To capture the dynamics of fracture propagation and closure, the experiment employed both passive and active acoustic monitoring systems:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Passive Acoustic Monitoring:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Sensors:</strong> 16 Vallen VS150-M passive piezoelectric sensors were used to capture Acoustic Emissions (AEs) within the frequency range of 50 kHz to 600 kHz.</li> <li><strong>Signal Processing:</strong> Continuous signal analysis and denoising were performed on the captured AE data. The STA/LTA algorithm was applied to the denoised signal to identify potential p-wave arrivals, providing insights into the fracture mechanics.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Active Acoustic Monitoring:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Transducers:</strong> A total of 64 piezoelectric transducers were integrated into the loading platens, with 32 acting as sources and 32 as receivers. The array included 10 shear-wave and 54 longitudinal-wave transducers.</li> <li><strong>Signal Generation and Acquisition:</strong> A Ricker excitation signal with a central frequency adjustable between 300 and 750 kHz was generated and amplified using a high-power amplifier. The signal was routed to one of the 32 source transducers via a multiplexer, and the resulting signals were recorded simultaneously by the 32 receiver transducers at a sampling frequency of 50 MHz. Each source was excited 50 times to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, with the complete acquisition sequence taking approximately 2.5 seconds.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <h4><strong>Additional Measurements</strong></h4> <p>In addition to acoustic monitoring, several other key measurements were recorded during the experiment:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fluid Injection Parameters:</strong> The pressure and rate of fluid injection were continuously monitored.</li> <li><strong>Flat-Jack and Piston Parameters:</strong> The pressures and volumes exerted by each pair of flat-jacks were recorded at a frequency of 1 Hz.</li> <li><strong>Fracture Opening Measurement:</strong> An eddy current sensor, an electromagnetic inductive device, was placed inside the wellbore at the notch/inlet to directly measure the fracture opening.</li> </ul> <p>All measurements were synchronized using a dedicated LabView application to ensure consistency across the dataset.</p> <h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4> <p>This dataset provides a comprehensive view of the hydraulic fracturing behavior of Molasse de Villarlod sandstone under controlled laboratory conditions, with a focus on the processes of fracture propagation, arrest, and closure. The dataset includes raw and processed acoustic data, fluid injection metrics, and direct observations of fracture opening. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers studying hydraulic fracturing, rock mechanics, and related fields. The data is suitable for detailed analysis and modeling of fracture mechanics in porous, permeable sandstones.</p> <h4><strong>Note</strong></h4> <p>Since the fracture did not extend to the boundaries of the sample, the sample was subsequently cut, and a core was extracted. This core was then sent for CT-scan analysis, which was used to reconstruct the residual fracture surfaces and assess their roughness. The dataset from this analysis is available in the Related Work section via the provided URL (Talebkeikhah, M. (2024). CT-Scan Image Dataset of Residual Fluid-Driven Fracture in a Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone Core - Post-Radial Hydraulic Fracture Experiment - M04 Sample [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13357511" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13357511</a>).</p> <h4><strong>Processing code</strong></h4> <p>Follow the <strong>URL repositories</strong> below to access to the codes for processing these dataset.</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/ActiveAcoustiX">https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/ActiveAcoustiX</a></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/FracLowRate">https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/FracLowRate</a></p> <p><strong>Contact and Support</strong></p> <p>Email:</p> <p>Brice Lecampion: brice.lecampion@epfl.ch</p> <p>Mohsen Talebkeikhah: m.talebkeikhah@gmail.com</p>
Paravertebral Block for Proximal Humeral Fracture Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03919422. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Observational Clinical Study on Elderly Patients With Fracture of the Proximal Femur Treated With the Chimaera Nail
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05197335. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
3D Interlocking Miniplates in Fixation of Mandibular Fractures in the Mental Foramen Region: A Split-mouth Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06939010. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Retrospective Review of Rib Fracture Pain Management at a London Major Trauma Centre
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04863807. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Ceramic-on-ceramic THA for Post-traumatic Hip Osteoarthritis After Acetabular Fracture
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04034043. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
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