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1,356 results for “Human Activities”
Survey 200 long term study of multiple sites in central Arizona-Phoenix: human activity related measurements
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. Survey 200 was the original name of the project, and it was renamed to ESCA following the survey conducted in 2015. The data set here includes a subset of information from the Survey200/ESCA focusing exclusively on buildings and indicators of human activity in the survey plots. Investigators interested in more recent survey data, or other variables measured as part of ESCA should search the data catalog for 'ecological survey of central arizona' or 'survey 200'.
Data from: Vestigial auriculomotor activity indicates the direction of auditory attention in humans
<p>Unlike dogs and cats, people do not point their ears as they focus attention on novel, salient, or task-relevant stimuli. Our species may nevertheless have retained a vestigial pinna-orienting system that has persisted as a "neural fossil" within in the brain for about 25 million years. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrate that the direction of auditory attention is reflected in sustained electrical activity of muscles within the vestigial auriculomotor system. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) were taken from muscles that either move the pinna or alter its shape. To assess reflexive, stimulus-driven attention we presented novel sounds from speakers at four different lateral locations while the participants silently read a boring text in front of them. To test voluntary, goal-directed attention we instructed participants to listen to a short story coming from one of these speakers, while ignoring a competing story from the corresponding speaker on the opposite side. In both experiments, EMG recordings showed larger activity at the ear on the side of the attended stimulus, but with slightly different patterns. Upward movement (perking) differed according to the lateral focus of attention only during voluntary orienting; rearward folding of the pinna's upper-lateral edge exhibited such differences only during reflexive orienting. The existence of a pinna-orienting system in humans, one that is experimentally accessible, offers opportunities for basic as well as applied science.</p>
Data from: Human disturbance and the activity patterns and temporal overlap of tapirs and jaguars in reserves of NW Belize.
<p>Human disturbance from tourism and other non-consumptive activities in protected areas may be stressful to wildlife. Animals may move away in space or time to avoid human interaction. For species of particular conservation concern, such as Baird's tapirs (<i>Tapirus bairdii)</i> and jaguars (<i>Panthera onca</i>), a better understanding of how they respond to different levels and types of disturbance is needed in order to manage human visitation to parks in ways that minimize negative outcomes for wildlife. We describe the overlap of activity patterns of tapirs, jaguars, and humans at logged and unlogged sites and at places with low versus high human visitation using camera survey data from protected areas of northwest Belize, 2013-2016. Tapirs were nocturnal in all study sites, with >80 percent of all tapir detections occurring between 1900 h and 0500 h. Their activity patterns were not different in unlogged versus logged sites and did not change with increased human traffic. Jaguars were cathemeral across sites, but had more nocturnal activity at the site with the most human impact. Activity pattern overlap between tapirs and jaguars did not differ significantly between logged and unlogged sites, nor between areas with low and high human activity. Human traffic increased from 2013-2016 at most of the study locations. In conclusion, this camera trap dataset suggests that non-consumptive human disturbance does not alter the activity patterns of tapirs and jaguars in protected areas lacking hunting pressure.</p>
Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
<p><b><span>Aim:</span></b> Hotspots of human activity are focal points for ecosystem disturbance and non-native introduction, from which invading populations disperse and spread. As such, connectivity to locations used by humans may influence the likelihood of invasion. Moreover, connectivity in freshwater ecosystems may follow the hydrological network. Here we tested whether multiple forms of connectivity to human recreational activities promotes biological invasion of freshwater ecosystems.</p> <p><b><span>Location:</span></b><span> England, UK.</span></p> <p><b><span>Time period:</span></b><span> 1990-2018.</span></p> <p><b><span>Major taxa studied:</span></b> 126 non-native freshwater birds, crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants.</p> <p><b><span>Methods:</span></b> Machine learning was used to predict spatial gradients in human recreation and two high risk activities for invasion (fishing and water sports). Connectivity indices were developed for each activity, in which human influence decayed from activity hotspots according to Euclidean distance (spatial connectivity) or hydrological network distance (downstream, upstream and along-channel connectivity). Generalised linear mixed models identified the connectivity type most associated to invasive species richness of each group, while controlling for other anthropogenic and environmental drivers.</p> <p><b><span>Results:</span></b> Connectivity to humans generally had stronger positive effects on invasion than all other drivers except recording effort. Recreation had stronger influence than urban land cover, and for most groups high risk activities had stronger effects than general recreation. Downstream human connectivity was most important for invasion by most of the groups, potentially reflecting predominantly hydrological dispersal. An exception was birds, for which spatial connectivity was most important, possibly because of overland dispersal capacity.</p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions:</span></b> These findings support the hypothesis that freshwater invasion is partly determined by an interaction between human activity and species dispersal in the hydrological network. By comparing alternative connectivity types for different human activities, our approach could enable robust inference of specific pathways and spread mechanisms associated with particular taxa. This would provide evidence to support better prioritisation of surveillance and management for invasive non-native species.</p>
Dataset: Toothbrushing Data and Analysis of its Potential Use in Human Activity Recognition Applications
<p>This is the dataset that accompanies the paper 'Dataset: Toothbrushing Data and Analysis of its Potential Use in Human Activity Recognition Applications'.</p> <p>In this paper, we describe and analyze a time-series dataset from toothbrushing activity using brush-attached and wearable sensors. The data was collected from 17 participants when they brushed their teeth over one week in 5 different locations. The dataset consists of 62 toothbrushing sessions for each of the brush-attached and wearable sensor approaches, using both electric and manual brushes. The average duration of each session is 2 minutes. One sensor device was attached to the handle of the brush while the other was worn by the participants as a wrist-watch. We collected the data from a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope at a 200 Hz sampling rate.</p> <p>Accompanying code can be found at our GitHub repository <a href="https://github.com/icl-mq/toothbrushing-dataset">https://github.com/icl-mq/toothbrushing-dataset</a>. This repository contains example code demonstrating how to process the data along with the file metadata.</p>
Data from: Combining correlative and mechanistic niche models with human activity data to elucidate the invasive potential of a sub-Antarctic insect
<p>Aim</p> <p>Correlative Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are subject to substantial spatio-temporal limitations when historical occurrence records of data-poor species provide incomplete and outdated information for niche modelling. Complementary mechanistic modelling techniques can, therefore, offer a valuable contribution to underpin more physiologically-informed predictions of biological invasions, the risk of which is often exacerbated by climate change. In this study we integrate physiological and human pressure data to address the uncertainties and limitations of correlative SDMs and to better understand, predict, and manage biological invasions.</p> <p>Location</p> <p>Western archipelagos of the Southern Ocean and martime Antarctica</p> <p>Taxon</p> <p>Eretmoptera murphyi (Chironomidae), invertebrates.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mahalanobis Distances were used for correlative SDM construction for a species with few records. A mechanistic SDM was built around different fitness components (larval survival and life stage progression) as a function of temperature. SDM predictions were combined with human activity levels in Antarctica to generate a site vulnerability index to the colonization of E. murphyi. Future scenarios of ecophysiological suitability were built around the warming trends in the region.<br> Results Both SDMs converge to predict high environmental suitability in the species' native and introduced ranges. However, the mechanistic model indicates a slightly larger invasive potential based on larval performance at different temperatures. Human activity levels across the Antarctic Peninsula play a key role in discerning site vulnerabilities. Niche suitability in Antarctica grows considerably under long-term climate scenarios, leading to a substantially higher invasive threat to the Antarctic ecosystems. In turn changing conditions result on growing physiological mismatches with the environment in the native range on South Georgia.</p> <p>Main conclusions</p> <p>Long-term studies of invasion potential under climate benefit from integrating correlative predictions with physiological experiments, as the invasion potential varies depending on the area and the timescale examined. This study also highlights a conservation paradox whereby the accidental introduction of an insect represents a threat to the Antarctic ecoystems that contrasts with its endangered status at the native range.</p>
eDNA metabarcoding in lakes to quantify influences of landscape features and human activity on aquatic invasive species prevalence and fish community diversity
<p>Aim: Our goal was to use eDNA metabarcoding to characterize fish community diversity, detect aquatic invasive species (AIS), and assess how measures of community (or AIS) diversity are influenced by lake physical and environmental covariates, measures of hydrological connectivity, and human accessibility.<br> Location: Michigan, USA.<br> Methods: eDNA samples collected from 22 lakes were sequenced using two mitochondrial gene regions (12S and 16S rRNA). Metabarcoding data were compared to traditional fisheries survey data for a subset of lakes, and data from all 22 lakes were combined with environmental information to identify significant associations with community diversity and AIS relative abundance.<br> Results: Occupancy modeling indicated that detection probabilities were generally higher with eDNA than traditional fisheries gear. Measures of connectivity with upstream aquatic habitats were positively associated with both AIS relative abundance and fish species diversity. We also demonstrate the use of spatial interpolation methods to map distributions of species diversity and AIS relative abundance within lakes.<br> Conclusions: eDNA metabarcoding methods provided information on the composition and diversity of fish assemblages and the presence of AIS in freshwater lakes that varied greatly in drainage connectivity and anthropogenic development. Our case study identified associations between environmental covariates and fish diversity or AIS relative abundance across lakes. This information is of particular importance given increasing anthropogenic disturbance, invasive species spread, and associated declines in aquatic biodiversity. Incorporating eDNA metabarcoding as a supplement to traditional fisheries surveys will permit managers to identify greater numbers of taxa, including early detection of AIS, with less field effort and fish mortality. Further, eDNA methods may more accurately identify physical and biological features that correlate with diversity and abundance, and allow agencies to more effectively direct AIS management activities. </p>
Macroalgal blooms caused by marine nutrient changes resulting from human activities
<p>1. Macroalgal blooms (green tides) are occurring more frequently in many regions of the world, leading to significant impacts on marine ecology and economies. Although many studies and hypotheses have been proposed, the exact mechanism of green tide formation remains unclear. 2. The world's largest green tides recur in the Yellow Sea and this area is representative for studying the origin and mechanism of green tide formation. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies related to green tides and associated hypotheses for their formation. 3. Rapid industrialization/urbanization and environmental protection actions in coastal zones have led to an increase in nitrate (nitrite) and decline in ammonium (ammonia), and this has resulted in increasing levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in seawater. 4. We found that presence of appropriate attachment substrates for Ulva including laver culture rafts and certain hydrological conditions are supplementary factors to green tide formation in the Yellow Sea. 5. Changes in marine nutrient levels promote the production of nitric oxide, which is essential for Ulva sporulation. Consequently, numerous spores are created and attach to substrates including laver culture rafts and parent Ulva thalli. These spores then develop into new thalli that are capable of producing further spores. As a result, Ulva thalli rapidly occupy vast areas of the sea and develop into green tides. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our synthesis identifies that escalating marine nitric oxide generation caused by various factors and its essential role in Ulva sporulation are underlying and significant components in the mechanism of green tide formation. We provide solutions such as the improvement of comprehensive management of aquaculture and strict restriction of marine nitrate pollution, to prevent green tides. Furthermore, we propose an innovative wastewater treatment programme combined with Ulva application to fulfil the standard of sustainable development and circular economy.</p>
Data from: Human activities and landscape features interact to closely define the distribution and dispersal of an urban commensal.
The rock pigeon, Columba livia, is a cosmopolitan human commensal, domesticated thousands of years ago. However, the human-mediated factors governing its distribution and dispersal are not well understood. In this study, we performed (1) hierarchical distance sampling on ~400 island-wide point transects, (2) a population genomic inquiry based on ~7000 SNPs from almost 150 individuals, and (3) landscape-genomic analyses on the basis of extensive ecological and social-economic databases to characterize the distribution and dispersal patterns of rock pigeons across Singapore. Our distance sampling results indicated that the volume of intentional 'mercy feeding' and availability of high-rise buildings are the most reliable predictors of high pigeon densities in Singapore. Genomic analyses demonstrated that rock pigeons in Singapore form a single population possibly derived from rapid expansion from a genetically homogenous group of founder individuals. Specifically, rock pigeons in Singapore lack sex-biased dispersal and are clustered with a genetic patch size of ~3km. Landscape genomic analyses of great precision pointed to the presence of dense trees as agents of resistance to dispersal whereas a high road density reduces this resistance. By pinpointing a range of ecological and socio-economic variables determining the distribution and dispersal of pigeons, our study provides urban planners with the tools for optimal management of this human commensal, such as a curtailment of the practice of mercy feeding and modifications to the urban landscape to reduce pigeon density and to lower the likelihood of repopulation by dispersal.
Data from: Active and reactive behaviour in human mobility: the influence of attraction points on pedestrians
Human mobility is becoming an accessible field of study thanks to the progress and availability of tracking technologies as a common feature of smart phones. We describe an example of a scalable experiment exploiting these circumstances at a public, outdoor fair in Barcelona (Spain). Participants were tracked while wandering through an open space with activity stands attracting their attention. We develop a general modeling framework based on Langevin Dynamics, which allows us to test the influence of two distinct types of ingredients on mobility: reactive or context-dependent factors, modelled by means of a force field generated by attraction points in a given spatial configuration, and active or inherent factors, modelled from intrinsic movement patterns of the subjects. The additive and constructive framework model accounts for some observed features. Starting with the simplest model (purely random walkers) as a reference, we progressively introduce different ingredients such as persistence, memory, and perceptual landscape, aiming to untangle active and reactive contributions and quantify their respective relevance. The proposed approach may help in anticipating the spatial distribution of citizens in alternative scenarios and in improving the design of public events based on a facts-based approach.
Data from: Late Neolithic phytolith and charcoal records of human activities and vegetation change in Shijiahe culture, Tanjialing site, China
There is significant archaeological evidence marking the collapse of the Shijiahe culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China during the late Neolithic Period. However, the causes for this cultural collapse remain unclear. Our sedimentary records from a 3.3 m long profile and 76 phytolith and charcoal samples from the Tanjialing archaeological sites provide records of interactions between an ancient culture and vegetation change. During the early Shijiahe culture (c, 4850-4400 cal BP), the climate was warm and humid. Fire was intensively used to clear the vegetation. In the mid-period of the Shijiahe culture (c, 4400-4200 cal BP), the climate became slightly dry-cold and this was accompanied by decreasing water, leading to settlements. From c, 4200 cal BP, severe drought eroded the economic foundation of rice-cultivation. These conditions forced people to abandon the Shijiahe ancient city to find water in other regions, leading to the collapse of the Shijiahe culture.
Data from: Human activities influence the occupancy probability of mammalian carnivores in the Brazilian Caatinga
The Caatinga is a semi-arid domain, characterized by reduced humidity and high rates of anthropogenic impact. In addition to the low availability of water, carnivorous mammals are still exposed to a number of threats related to landscape modifications. We used data from camera traps and occupancy models to investigate the habitat use by carnivores in an area of Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. We found a negative correlation between the presence of wind farms and the occupancy probability of the jaguar, and a positive relationship with the presence of the jaguarundi. Puma and jaguarundi occupied primarily sites near watercourses, whereas the occupancy of the crab-eating fox was correlated positively with the presence of poachers. The ocelot was detected more frequently at sites distant from human settlements, whereas the jaguar was detected more often in areas far from wind farms. We found a negative correlation between the distance of water and the detection of the ocelot. The detection of the crab-eating fox was influenced positively by the detection of cattle. In addition to the negative influence of some anthropic activities, our results indicate that water is a very important resource for species, and the few permanent sources of this resource available in the area must be preserved. The replication of our research in other systems, worldwide, that are experiencing similar pressures, should permit a systematic evaluation of the management and conservation strategies needed to rebuild or maintain populations, restore ecosystems, and support conservation policies in human-altered landscapes.
Data from: Fear of the dark? contrasting impacts of humans vs lynx on diel activity of roe deer across Europe
<ol> <li><span><span><span><span>Humans, as super predators, can have strong effects on wildlife behaviour, including profound modifications of diel activity patterns. Subsequent to the return of large carnivores to human-modified ecosystems, many prey species have adjusted their <i>spatial</i> behaviour to the contrasting landscapes of fear generated by both their natural predators and anthropogenic pressures. </span><span>The effects of predation risk on <i>temporal</i> shifts in diel activity of prey, however, remain largely unexplored in human-dominated landscapes</span><span>. </span></span></span></span></li> <li> <span><span><span><span>W</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>e investigated the influence of the density of lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>), a nocturnal predator, on the diel activity patterns of their main prey, the roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), across a gradient of human disturbance and hunting at the European scale. </span></span></span></span> </li> <li><span><span><span><span>Based on 11 million activity records from 431 individually GPS-monitored roe deer in 12 populations within the EURODEER network (http://eurodeer.org), we investigated how lynx predation risk in combination with both lethal and non-lethal human activities affected deer diurnality. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span>We demonstrated marked plasticity in roe deer diel activity patterns in response to spatio-temporal variations in risk, mostly due to human activities. In particular, roe deer decreased their level of diurnality by a factor of 1.37 when the background level of general human disturbance was high. Hunting exacerbated this effect, as during the hunting season deer switched most of their activity to nighttime and, to a lesser extent, to dawn, although this pattern varied noticeably in relation to lynx density. Indeed, in the presence of lynx, their main natural predator, roe deer were relatively more diurnal. Overall, our results revealed a strong influence of human activities and the presence of lynx on diel shifts in roe deer activity. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span>In the context of the recovery of large carnivores across Europe, we provide important insights about the effects of predators on the behavioural responses of their prey in human-dominated ecosystems. Modifications in the temporal partitioning of ungulate activity as a response to human activities may facilitate human-wildlife coexistence, but likely also have knock-on effects for predator-prey interactions, with cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. </span></span></span></span></li> </ol>
Data from: Assessing the effects of human activities on the foraging opportunities of migratory shorebirds in Austral high-latitude bays
Human presence at intertidal areas could impact coastal biodiversity, including migratory waterbird species and the ecosystem services they provide. Assessing this impact is therefore essential to develop management measures compatible with migratory processes and associated biodiversity. Here, we assess the effects of human presence on the foraging opportunities of Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica, a trans-hemispheric migratory shorebird) during their non-breeding season on Chiloé Island, southern Chile. We compared bird density and time spent foraging in two similar bays with contrasting disturbance levels: human presence (mostly seaweed harvesters accompanied by dogs) was on average 0.9±0.4 people per 10 ha in the disturbed bay, whereas it was negligible (95% days absent) in the non-disturbed bay. Although overall abundances were similar between bays, godwit density was higher in the non-disturbed bay throughout the low tide period. Both days after the start of the non-breeding season and tidal height significantly affected godwit density, with different effects in either bay. Time spent foraging was significantly higher in the non-disturbed bay (86.5±1.1%) than in the disturbed one (81.3±1.4%). As expected, godwit density significantly decreased with the number of people and accompanying dogs in the disturbed bay. Our results indicate that even a low density of people and dogs can significantly reduce the foraging opportunities of shorebirds. These constraints, coupled with additional flushing costs, may negatively affect godwits' pre-migratory fattening. Hence, as a first step we suggest limiting human presence within bays on Chiloé to 1 person per 10 ha and banning the presence of accompanying dogs in sensitive conservation areas.
Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of Glossina morsitans morsitans in the active foci of human African trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Malawi
The tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, is a significant problem in Zambia and Malawi. It is the vector for the human infective parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which causes human African trypanosomiasis, and various Trypanosoma species, which cause African animal trypanosomiasis. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of G. m. morsitans is the basis of elucidating the connectivity of the tsetse fly populations, information that is essential in implementing successful tsetse fly control activities. This study conducted a population genetic study using partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene 1 (CO1) and 10 microsatellite loci to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of G. m. morsitans captured in the major HAT foci in Zambia and Malawi. We have included 108 and 99 G. m. morsitans samples for CO1 and microsatellite analyses respectively. Our results suggest the presence of two different genetic clusters of G. m. morsitans, existing East and West of the escarpment of the Great Rift Valley. We have also revealed genetic similarity between the G. m. morsitans in Kasungu National Park and those in the Luangwa river basin in Zambia, indicating that this population should also be included in this historical tsetse belt. Although further investigation is necessary to illustrate the whole picture in East and Southern Africa, this study has extended our knowledge of the population structure of G. m. morsitans in Southern Africa.
Magnetic resonance imaging reveals human brown adipose tissue is rapidly activated in response to cold
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Context.</b> In rodents, cold exposure induces the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the induction of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis. However, in humans, the kinetics of supraclavicular (SCV) BAT activation and the potential importance of TAG stores remain poorly defined.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Objective.</b> To determine the time course of BAT activation and changes in intracellular TAG using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of the SCV (i.e. BAT depot) and fat in the posterior neck region (i.e. non BAT).</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Design.</b> Cross-sectional.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Setting.</b> Clinical research centre.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Patients or Other Participants.</b> Twelve healthy male volunteers ages 18-29 years [BMI=24.7±2.8kg/m<sup>2</sup> and body fat percentage = 25.0±7.4% (both mean±SD)].</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Intervention(s).</b> Standardized whole-body cold exposure (180 minutes at 18<span>°</span>C) and immediate re-warming (30 minutes at 32°C).</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Main Outcome Measure(s).</b> Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* of the SCV and posterior neck fat pads. Acquisitions occurred at 5-15 minute intervals during cooling and subsequent warming.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Results.</b> SCV PDFF declined significantly after only 10 minutes of cold exposure [-1.6% (standard error (SE) 0.44%), <i>p</i>=0.007) and continued to decline until 35 minutes after which time it remained stable until 180 minutes. A similar time course was also observed for SCV T2*. In the posterior neck fat (non-BAT) there were no cold-induced changes in PDFF or T2*. Re-warming did not result in a change in SCV PDFF or T2*.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Conclusions.</b> The rapid cold-induced decline in SCV PDFF suggests that in humans, BAT is activated quickly in response to cold and that TAG is a primary substrate.</p>
Pro-inflammatory activation of primary microglia and macrophages increases 18kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) expression in rodents but not humans
<p>Data underpinning JCBFM paper entitled: Pro-inflammatory activation of primary microglia and macrophages increases 18kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) expression in rodents but not humans</p>
Research Data for FiHi: Fusion of inertial and high-resolution acoustic data for privacy-preserving human activity recognition
<h1><strong>Description</strong></h1> <div>This dataset contains information on 20 different activities collected from 15 participants (20-55 years old) using Wit-motion smart inertial sensors and Double Acoustics guitar pickups. Each participant performs these daily activities in an unrestricted environment, with each activity lasting at least 60 seconds and repeated twice.</div> <div> </div> <div>If you use the dataset in an academic work, please cite: </div> <div> </div> <div><code>@ARTICLE{10980212,</code><br><code> author={Yang, Zhe and Zhang, Ying and Li, Yanjun and Huang, Linchong and Hu, Ping and Lin, Yuexiang},</code><br><code> journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, </code><br><code> title={Fusion of Inertial and High-resolution Acoustic Data for Privacy-Preserving Human Activity Recognition}, </code><br><code> year={2025},</code><br><code> volume={74},</code><br><code> number={},</code><br><code> pages={1-20},</code><br><code> keywords={Human activity recognition;Sensors;Acoustics;Feature extraction;Privacy;Microphones;Biomedical monitoring;Wireless fidelity;Sensor phenomena and characterization;Sensor fusion;Human activities recognition;inertial sensing;Hi-res audio;attention mechanism},</code><br><code> doi={10.1109/TIM.2025.3565250}}</code></div> <h1><strong>DataSet Information</strong></h1> <h2><strong>1.Original_data.zip</strong></h2> <div>The data was annotated by manually reviewing the audio clips and assigning appropriate activity labels. Timestamping the inertial sensor data with the start time of the audio device recorded by the experimenter ensured correct segmentation and synchronization of the inertial and acoustic data. The total data length for</div> <div>all participants is over 10 hours.</div> <h3><strong>(1) </strong><strong>IMU</strong><strong> DATA</strong></h3> <div>The inertial data (accelerometer and gyroscope) is sampled at 100 Hz and transmitted by Bluetooth to the host computer. These reviewed and annotated original samples from 15 participants are placed in separate csv files. The arrangement of information in each csv file is:</div> <div>Col 1-3: 3D-acceleration data (g)</div> <div>Col 4-6: 3D-gyroscope data (°/s)</div> <h3><strong>(2) Audio DATA</strong></h3> <div>The acoustic data are sampled at 192 kHz by a Steinberg sound card and transmitted by USB cable to the host computer. These original samples are placed in separate wav files, with each file name containing all the necessary information regarding the contents of the file.</div> <div><strong>For example:</strong></div> <div>100801_sitting</div> <div>Participant ID (1-4 digits): 1008, Session ID (5-6 digits): 01, Activity ID: sitting.</div> <div> </div> <h2><strong>2、Processed_data.zip</strong></h2> <div>The last two columns of each file are as follows:</div> <ul> <li> <div>participant_id: such as 100101, 100102, 100201 ...... The last two digits are the Session ID, representing the two sessions from the same participant for the same activity.</div> </li> <li> <div>activity_id: Refer to the ACTIVITY SET below</div> </li> </ul> <h3><strong>(1) </strong><strong>IMU</strong><strong> DATA</strong></h3> <div>The original inertial data is individually aligned with the processed Audio data based on their start times, with any excess data rows at the end being trimmed. Then, these inertial data files are augmented with activity_id and participant_id for identification, and consolidated into a single csv file.</div> <div>The continuous motion signal is segmented into sliding windows, each with a duration of 3 seconds and a step size of 3 seconds. Given the IMU’s sampling rate of 100 Hz, each window of inertial data consists of 300 time steps, with 6 channels of information (3 axes each for accelerometer and gyroscope). Consequently, a single inertial sample is represented by a 300 × 6 dimensional matrix.</div> <h3><strong>(2) Audio DATA</strong></h3> <div>The acoustic signals are processed using the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) with a window length of 1024 points and an overlap of 256 points, , which generates n linear spaced frequency bins between n kHz frequency range in the frequency domain. The output contains the estimate of the short-term, time-localized frequency patterns. We examine two levels of privacy protection: 8 ∼ 96 kHz for non-speech sound and 20 ∼ 96 kHz for inaudible sound, with 88 and 76 linear spaced frequency bins, respectively.</div> <div>Under a sample rate of 192 kHz for the original acoustic signal, there are (192000 - 256)/(1024 - 256) ≈ 250 frequency features within a second, while each feature has 88 and 76 dimensions for non-speech (8∼96 kHz) and inaudible (20∼96 kHz) feature, respectively.</div> <h1><strong>ACTIVITY </strong><strong>SET</strong></h1> <div>The activityIDs and corresponding activities are listed in the following:</div> <div>0: use microwave</div> <div>1: brush teeth</div> <div>2: browse video</div> <div>3: drink water</div> <div>4: fry</div> <div>5: lie down</div> <div>6: flush</div> <div>7: go downstairs</div> <div>8: go upstairs</div> <div>9: sit</div> <div>10: stand</div> <div>11: manipulate door</div> <div>12: type</div> <div>13: jump</div> <div>14: run</div> <div>15: walk</div> <div>16: wash hands</div> <div>17: write</div> <div>18: operate light</div> <div>19: eat</div>
Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: fMRI: Human
<p>Human fMRI activation images supplementing for Fig. 8 and Suppl. Fig. 11.</p>
Human recreation impacts seasonal activity and occupancy of American black bears (Ursus americanus) across the urban-wildlife interface
<p>The datasets used for all analyses throughout the study that are downloaded from the Yooper Wildlife Watch Project found on Zooniverse. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.