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670 results for “Influence factors”
Data and code from: Factors influencing shorebird use of post-harvest flooded rice fields in California’s Sacramento Valley
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Predation by shell-breaking crabs on a marine gastropod along a latitudinal gradient in the SW Atlantic: Influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors
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Factors influencing survival of female eastern wild turkeys in northeastern South Dakota
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Factors influencing fine root decomposition rate in response to nitrogen addition vary across root characteristics
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Factors influencing open government data post-adoption in the public sector: The perspective of data providers
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Data from: A meta-analysis of factors influencing the strength of mate choice copying in animals
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Memos of Coding - Factors Influencing the Software Development Productivity
<p>The list of theoretical codes, their definitions, and references of the related studies (the complete memos) regarding the investigation and syntheses of factors influencing software development productivity.</p>
Analysis of factors influencing the network teaching effect of college students in a medical school during the COVID-19 epidemic
<p><strong>Analysis of factors influencing the network teaching effect of college students in a medical school during the COVID-19 epidemic</strong></p>
Data from: Factors influencing plasticity in the arrival-breeding interval in a migratory species reacting to climate change
Climate change is profoundly affecting the phenology of many species. In migratory birds, there is evidence for advances in their arrival time at the breeding ground and their timing of breeding, yet empirical studies examining the interdependence between arrival and breeding time are lacking. Hence, evidence is scarce regarding how breeding time may be adjusted via the arrival-breeding interval to help local populations adapt to local conditions or climate change. We used long-term data from an intensively monitored population of the northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) to examine the factors related to the length of 734 separate arrival-to-breeding events from 549 individual females. From 1993 to 2017 the mean arrival and egg-laying dates advanced by approximately the same amount (~5-6 days), with considerable between-individual variation in the arrival-breeding interval. The arrival-breeding interval was shorter for: (1) individuals that arrived later in the season compared to early arriving birds, (2) for experienced females compared to first-year breeders, (3) as spring progressed, and (4) in later years compared to earlier ones. The influence of these factors was much larger for birds arriving earlier in the season compared to later arriving birds, with most effects on variation in the arrival-breeding interval being absent in late arriving birds. Thus, in this population it appears that the timing of breeding is not constrained by arrival for early- to mid-arriving birds, but instead is dependent on local conditions after arrival. For late arriving birds, however, the timing of breeding appears to be influenced by arrival constraints. Hence, impacts of climate change on arrival dates and local conditions are expected to vary for different parts of the population, with potential negative impacts associated with these factors likely to differ for early- versus late-arriving birds.
Factors influencing fall departure phenology in migratory birds that bred in northeastern North America
<p>The phenology of migrating birds is shifting with climate change. For instance, short-distance migrants wintering in temperate regions tend to delay their migration in fall<br> during spells of warmer temperature. However, some species do not show strong shifts, and the factors determining which species will react to temperature changes by delaying their migration are poorly known. In addition, it is not known whether a slower migration or a postponed departure creates the observed delays in fall migration because most studies occur far south of the boreal breeding areas making it difficult to separate those two mechanisms. We used 22 years of data at a northern observatory in eastern North America, at the southern edge of the boreal forest, to examine how 21 short-distance migrants responded to changing temperatures. We investigated if those species responding to temperature share life history features (i.e. diet, size, total migration distance, breeding habitat, timing of migration). The period of migration in each species was, by far, the most important factor predicting the response of a species to temperature. Eight of the 13 species migrating in October changed their migration onset with temperature (usually by delaying migration by 1-2d/°C), while the migration timing of none of the eight species migrating in September was dependent on temperature. Furthermore, the absence of a greater migration delay by birds breeding farther from the study site (i.e. Arctic breeding birds) suggests the mechanism is a postponed departure rather than a slower migration. We conclude that temperature variations in late fall influence the conditions on the breeding grounds, so that birds still present at that time might benefit more from postponing their departure in warm weather.</p>
Data from: An assay to investigate factors influencing initial orientation in nocturnally fledging seabirds.
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The first solitary migration of juvenile birds is difficult to study because of a low juvenile survival rates and sometimes long delays in return to the breeding grounds. Consequently, little is known about this crucial life event for many bird species, in particular the sensory guidance mechanisms facilitating the first migratory journey. Initial orientation during the first migration is a key measure to investigate these mechanisms. Here, we developed an assay to measure initial orientation as flight direction upon first take-off in nocturnally fledging juvenile seabirds. We dorsally deployed a coloured LED on juvenile birds to allow researchers to observe the vanishing bearings of individuals as they flew out to sea. Additionally, we co-deployed either a small Neodymium magnet or glass bead (control) on top of the bird's head to investigate the use of magnetoreception, previously unexplored in this early life stage.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We used this assay to observe the first flight of Manx shearwaters (<i>Puffinus puffinus</i>) and found that they did not orient towards their wintering ground straight after taking off. Further, we did not find an effect of the magnetic treatment on juveniles' flight direction, though whether this is due to the birds not using magnetoreception, other salient cues being available or a lack of motivation to orient to the migratory beeline is unclear. We were, however, able to identify wind direction and topography as drivers of first flight direction in Manx shearwaters, which fledged with wind component between a crosswind and a tailwind and directed their maiden flight towards the sea and away from the land. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This novel assay will facilitate the study of the maiden flight of nocturnally fledging birds and will help advance the study of sensory guidance mechanisms underpinning migratory orientation in a wide range of taxa, including species which are traditionally challenging to study. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
What factors influence the extent of midstorey development in Mountain Ash forests?
<p>The midstorey is a critical component of the structure of many kinds of forest globally. We constructed statistical models of the factors influencing the percentage cover of two dominant <i>Acacia</i> spp. (Montane Wattle [<i>Acacia frigiscens</i>]) and Silver Wattle [<i>Acacia dealbata</i>]) in the midstorey of Mountain Ash (<i>Eucalyptus regnans</i>) forests in mainland south-eastern Australia. We modelled the influence on the percentage cover of two these two species of <i>Acacia</i> of : <b>(1)</b> the age of the overstorey eucalypts (which corresponded to the time elapsed since the last major stand-replacing disturbance), and <b>(2)</b> environmental drivers (slope, aspect, elevation, and topographic wetness).</p> <p>Stand age was an important factor influencing the percentage cover of both Montane Wattle and Silver Wattle. We found evidence of a non-linear, humped-shaped percentage cover-stand age relationship for the percentage cover of Montane Wattle, with the highest values in stands of Mountain Ash that were 30-60 years old. There were no differences in percentage cover among other age classes. The highest values for the percentage cover of Silver Wattle were for stands regenerating after the 2009 fire with markedly lower levels of cover in other age classes. There were no differences in cover between other age classes. Although our data contained evidence of inter-specific differences between Montane Wattle and Silver Wattle in their response to stand age, both species persisted as a midstorey component in old growth Mountain Ash forest.</p> <p> No environmental covariates influenced the percentage cover of Montane Wattle or Silver Wattle. Both tree species occur well beyond our study region and the set of environmental conditions we modelled may therefore not be limiting the occurrence of these tree species. We suggest that disturbance is the key driver of site occurrence of the Montane Wattle and Silver Wattle in the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria.</p>
Factors influencing nature interactions vary between cities and types of nature interactions
1. There is mounting concern that people living more urbanised, modern lifestyles have fewer and lower quality interactions with nature, and therefore have limited access to the associated health and wellbeing benefits. Yet, variation in the different types of nature interactions and the factors that influence these interactions across populations are poorly understood. 2. We compared four types of nature interactions by administering surveys across two cities that differ markedly in urbanisation pattern and population density—Singapore and Brisbane—: (i) indirect (viewing nature through a window at work or at home); (ii) incidental (spending time in nature as part of work); (iii) intentional interactions in gardens; and (iv) intentional interactions in public urban greenspaces. 3. Our results show that Singapore respondents spent about half as much time (25.8 hours per week) interacting with nature as Brisbane respondents (52.3 hours per week), and indirect interactions were the most prevalent across both cities. 4. Nature orientation, age, income and gender significantly predicted the duration of nature interactions in both cities, while self-reported health, education and ethnicity additionally predicted duration of nature interactions only for Brisbane. Also, the relationship(s) between each factor and duration could differ in direction and effect size between types of nature interactions. 5. As such, we conclude that there is much local variation in the dynamics of interactions between people and nature, and that focused studies are needed to develop effective interventions addressing declines in nature interactions in different locations.
Data from: Contemporary and historic factors influence differently genetic differentiation and diversity in a tropical palm
Population genetics theory predicts loss in genetic variability because of drift and inbreeding in isolated plant populations; however, it has been argued that long-distance pollination and seed dispersal may be able to maintain gene flow, even in highly fragmented landscapes. We tested how historical effective population size, historical migration and contemporary landscape structure, such as forest cover, patch isolation and matrix resistance, affect genetic variability and differentiation of seedlings in a tropical palm (Euterpe edulis) in a human-modified rainforest. We sampled 16 sites within five landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic forest and assessed genetic variability and differentiation using eight microsatellite loci. Using a model selection approach, none of the covariates explained the variation observed in inbreeding coefficients among populations. The variation in genetic diversity among sites was best explained by historical effective population size. Allelic richness was best explained by historical effective population size and matrix resistance, whereas genetic differentiation was explained by matrix resistance. Coalescence analysis revealed high historical migration between sites within landscapes and constant historical population sizes, showing that the genetic differentiation is most likely due to recent changes caused by habitat loss and fragmentation. Overall, recent landscape changes have a greater influence on among-population genetic variation than historical gene flow process. As immediate restoration actions in landscapes with low forest amount, the development of more permeable matrices to allow the movement of pollinators and seed dispersers may be an effective strategy to maintain microevolutionary processes.
Data from: Influence of mortality factors and host resistance on the population dynamics of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in urban forests
The success of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) in North America is hypothesized to be due to both the lack of significant natural enemies permitting easy establishment and a population of trees that lack the ability to defend themselves, which allows populations to grow unchecked. Since its discovery in 2002, a number of studies have examined mortality factors of the insect in forests, but none have examined the role of natural enemies and other mortality agents in the urban forest. This is significant because it is in the urban forest where the emerald ash borer has had the most significant economic impacts. We studied populations in urban forests in three municipalities in Ontario, Canada, between 2010 and 2012 using life tables and stage-specific survivorship to analyze data from a split-rearing manipulative experiment. We found that there was little overall mortality caused by natural enemies; most mortality we did observe was caused by disease. Stage-specific survivorship was lowest in small and large larvae, supporting previous observations of high mortality in these two stages. We also used our data to test the hypothesis that mortality and density in emerald ash borer are linked. Our results support the prediction of a negative relationship between mortality and density. However, the relationship varies between insects developing in the crown and those in the trunk of the tree. This relationship was significant because when incorporated with previous findings, it suggests a mechanism and hypothesis to explain the outbreak dynamics of the emerald ash borer.
Data from: Resource allocation during ontogeny is influenced by genetic, developmental, and ecological factors in the horned beetle, Onthophagus taurus
Resource allocation trade-offs arise when developing organs are in competition for a limited pool of resources to sustain growth and differentiation. Such competition may constrain the maximal size to which structures can grow and may force a situation in which the evolutionary elaboration of one structure may only be possible at the expense of another. However, recent studies have called into question both the consistency and evolutionary importance of resource allocation trade-offs. This study focuses on a well-described trade-off between the horns and eyes of Onthophagus beetles and assesses the degree to which it is influenced by genetic, developmental and ecological conditions. Contrary to expectations, we observed that trade-off signatures (i) were mostly absent within natural populations, (ii) mostly failed to match naturally evolved divergences in horn investment among populations, (iii) were subject to differential changes in F1 populations derived from divergent field populations and (iv) remained largely unaffected by developmental genetic manipulations of horn investment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that populations subject to different ecological conditions exhibit different patterns of, and differential plasticity in, resource allocation. Further, variation in ecological conditions, rather than canalized developmental mechanisms, may determine whether and to what degree morphological structures engage in resource allocation trade-offs.
Data from: Influences of environmental and spatial factors on genetic and epigenetic variations in Rhododendron oldhamii (Ericaceae)
Test of the relationship of genetic and particularly epigenetic variation with geographic isolation and environment is important to reveal potential environmental drivers for selection. Rhododendron oldhamii is widespread but inhabits fragmented subtropical forest landscapes and populations across its range may exhibit different levels of genetic and epigenetic structuring correlated to their environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic variations and their ecological correlates in R. oldhamii. Genetic and epigenetic variations were surveyed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), respectively. Using variation partitioning by redundant analysis (RDA), we examined the pure and spatially-structured environmental effects and pure spatial factors on genetic and epigenetic variations among individuals collected from 18 localities across R. oldhamii distribution range in Taiwan. We found that environments compared to geographic isolation among sites explained more genetic and epigenetic variations. Patchy distribution of the contemporary R. oldhamii populations was revealed by correlograms with patch size of approximately around 20-30 km based on the total genetic and epigenetic data. Spatial variables derived from the method of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM), including PCNM3, PCNM5, PCNM7 and PCNM8 representing biotic processes, such as individual dispersal, were found to be important influencing potentially adaptive genetic and epigenetic variations. Annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation of the warmest quarter, aspect, slope and soil moisture were the most important environmental variables influencing potentially adaptive genetic and epigenetic variations, and could be particularly important for the evolution of local adaptation in R. oldhamii.
Data from: Maternal and nourishment factors interact to influence offspring developmental trajectories in social wasps
The social and nutritional environments during early development have the potential to affect offspring traits, but the mechanisms and molecular underpinnings of these effects remain elusive. We used Polistes fuscatus paper wasps to dissect how maternally controlled factors (vibrational signals and nourishment) interact to induce different caste developmental trajectories in female offspring, leading to worker or reproductive (gyne) traits. We established a set of caste phenotype biomarkers in P. fuscatus females, finding that gyne-destined individuals had high expression of three caste-related genes hypothesized to have roles in diapause and mitochondrial metabolism. We then experimentally manipulated maternal vibrational signals (via artificial 'antennal drumming') and nourishment levels (via restricted foraging). We found that these caste-related biomarker genes were responsive to drumming, nourishment level or their interaction. Our results provide a striking example of the potent influence of maternal and nutritional effects in influencing transcriptional activity and developmental outcomes in offspring.
Data from: The influence of ecological and life history factors on ectothermic temperature-size responses: analysis of three Lycaenidae butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Body size has been shown to decrease with increasing temperature in many species, prompting the suggestion that it is a universal ecological response. However, species with complex life cycles, such as holometabolous insects, may have correspondingly complicated temperature-size responses. Recent research suggests that life history and ecological traits may be important for determining the direction and strength of temperature-size responses. Yet, these factors are rarely included in analyses. Here, we aim to determine if the size of the bivoltine butterfly, Polyommatus bellargus, and the univoltine butterflies, Plebejus argus and Polyommatus coridon, change in response to temperature and whether these responses differ between the sexes, and for P. bellargus, between generations. Forewing length was measured using digital specimens from the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), from one locality in the UK per species. The data were initially compared to annual and seasonal temperature values, without consideration of life history factors. Sex and generation of the individuals and mean monthly temperatures, which cover the growing period for each species, were then included in analyses. When compared to annual or seasonal temperatures only, size was not related to temperature for P. bellargus and P. argus, but there was a negative relationship between size and temperature for P. coridon. When sex, generation and monthly temperatures were included, male adult size decreased as temperature increased in the early larval stages, and increased as temperature increased during the late larval stages. Results were similar but less consistent for females, while second generation P. bellargus showed no temperature-size response. In P. coridon, size decreased as temperature increased during the pupal stage. These results highlight the importance of including life history factors, sex and monthly temperature data when studying temperature-size responses for species with complex life cycles.
Data from: Contemporary factors influencing genetic diversity in the Alaska humpback whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis complex
Thirteen microsatellite loci were used to address three hypotheses regarding genetic diversity in the humpback whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis complex in Alaska. The test results provided further insight into the factors influencing C. clupeaformis complex population structure and level of genetic variation. First, themicrosatellite data did not provide evidence of two spatially distinct Beringian and Eurasian refugial groups as revealed in previous phylogeographic analyses ofmitochondrialDNAvari- ation. Rather, the population structure inferred from the microsatellite variation appears to reveal the influence of factors on amore recent time scale, including gene flowamong the refugial groups and iso- lation of some anadromous and freshwater resident populations. Second, anadromous C. clupeaformis complex collections exhibited higher intra-population genetic diversity than freshwater resident col- lections. This outcome is consistent with previous meta analyses suggesting that freshwater resident populations probably have smaller historical effective population sizes and less conspecific gene flow because the habitat tends to be smaller and supports fewer and smaller populations. Finally, the analy- sis of contemporary immigration rates was consistent with, but did not provide statistical support for, the hypothesis that gene flow among anadromous C. clupeaformis complex populations along coastal Alaska is influenced by the Alaska Coastal Current. Further studies are needed to evaluate gene flow among coastal Alaska C. clupeaformis complex populations. Published
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.