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FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B. Habit. C. Abaxial surface of leaflets. D. Tuberous roots. E. Flowers. A, D & E by Hu-Biao Yang; B & C by Bing Liu. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B. Habit. C. Abaxial surface of leaflets. D. Tuberous roots. E. Flowers. A, D & E by Hu-Biao Yang; B & C by Bing Liu.
FIGURE. Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. A. Habit. B. Mature leaf. C. Young leaf. D. Abaxial surface of leaflets. E. Inflorescence. F. Loments. Photographs by Pan Li. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. A. Habit. B. Mature leaf. C. Young leaf. D. Abaxial surface of leaflets. E. Inflorescence. F. Loments. Photographs by Pan Li.
Pleistocene range expansion throughout the Mediterranean and back-colonization from the Canary Islands in the legume Bituminaria bituminosa
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Species with widespread distributions offer excellent opportunities for investigating recent biogeographical patterns across broad scales. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, due to its intermediate geographical location, NW Africa is pivotal in explaining the phylogeographical patterns of taxa with Mediterranean-Macaronesian distributions using a legume species with short generation times.</p> <p><strong>Region:</strong> Mediterranean, with a focus on NW Africa and the Canary Islands</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Pitch trefoil ( <em>Bituminaria bituminosa</em>)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We generated genetic data and performed phylogeographical and demographic analyses at two geographical scales: Mediterranean Basin (MB), using plastid sequences (115 individuals), and Macaronesia, using plastid sequences (182 individuals) and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci (220 individuals). We also performed a literature survey focusing on phylogeographical studies of other circum-Mediterranean taxa.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> North-west Africa was identified as a center of genetic diversity (19 out of 38 haplotypes) and demographic expansion of <em>B. bituminosa</em> in the MB during the Pleistocene. Our literature review revealed two main phylogeographical patterns in widespread species: pre-Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls vs. Pleistocene facultative-deciduous (including <em>Bituminaria</em>) taxa, but on average both functional groups show a similar, large genetic diversity (c. 40% of haplotypes) in NW Africa. At the Macaronesian scale, we found that Canarian <em>Bituminaria </em>is composed of two genetic sublineages that coexist and hybridize on the central islands and in the mainland Macaronesian enclave (Anti-Atlas region). Demographic analyses rejected the progression rule as the model of island colonization, but strongly suggested that Anti-Atlas populations are the result of back-colonization from the easternmost islands before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><em>Bituminaria</em> displays a pattern of Quaternary eastward expansion in the MB that appears to be paralleled by several members of its functional plant group. Thus, our study reveals a previously undescribed dual role of NW Africa in plant biogeography, acting both as a source of species expansion to the rest of the MB and a LGM refugium of plant populations with a Macaronesian island origin.</p>
FIGURE 2. Bauhinia conceptionis. A in Rediscovery of Bauhinia conceptionis (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae), a rare and endemic species of Colombian legume from Chocó - Colombia, after eighty years
FIGURE 2. Bauhinia conceptionis. A. Branch with buds; B. Anthers. C. Flower; D. Juvenile fruit; E. Upper surface of leaf; F. Lower surface of leaf. All from Castellanos 760 UDB. Photographs by Cesar Castellanos.
FIGURE 1. Bauhinia conceptionis Britton & Killip. A in Rediscovery of Bauhinia conceptionis (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae), a rare and endemic species of Colombian legume from Chocó - Colombia, after eighty years
FIGURE 1. Bauhinia conceptionis Britton & Killip. A. Branch with foliage, bud and flowers; B. Buds; C. Flower; D. One of the petals at anthesis; E. Legume. Materials all from Castellanos 760 UDB. Drawn by O.D. Bernal-Gacharrá.
FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery of Bauhinia conceptionis (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae), a rare and endemic species of Colombian legume from Chocó - Colombia, after eighty years
FIGURE 4. Specimen of Bauhinia conceptionis (M-0171127). Reproduced with the permission of the Herbario Forestal, Universidad Distrital de Bogotá, UDBC Bogotá.
Supplementary material 1 from: Borges LM, Inglis PW, Simon MF, Ribeiro PG, de Queiroz LP (2022) Misleading fruits: The non-monophyly of Pseudopiptadenia and Pityrocarpa supports generic re-circumscriptions and a new genus within mimosoid legumes. In: Hughes CE, de Queiroz LP, Lewis GP (Eds) Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 239-259. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82275
Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers (internal transcribed spacer-ITS sequences) for taxa used in this study
Supplementary material 1 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Statistical results of the clustering analysis using the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering method. :
Supplementary material 4 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
The predominant soil phosphorus content, pH level and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) expressed as a percentage for southern African leguminochoria. :
Supplementary material 3 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
The predominant mean annual rainfall and minimum and maximum temperatures expressed as a percentage for southern African leguminochoria. :
FIGURE 2 in Vachellia bolei (Leguminosae, Mimosaceae) a possibly extinct coastal stenoendemic legume of southern India
FIGURE 2. Residual syntype of Vachellia bolei (syn. Acacia bolei). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
FIGURE 1 in Vachellia bolei (Leguminosae, Mimosaceae) a possibly extinct coastal stenoendemic legume of southern India
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Vachellia bolei (syn. Acacia bolei) designated by Subhedhar (1985). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
FIGURE 1 in A partial cpDNA trnL sequence from the extinct legume Streblorrhiza speciosa confirms its placement in the tribe Coluteae (Fabaceae)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree showing the relationship of Streblorrhiza to other members of the tribe Coluteae. Posterior probability values are indicated above the branches.
FIGURE 6 in Leaf anatomy and macro-morphological data support a new species of the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from Goiás, Brazil
FIGURE 6. Comparative leaflets anatomy of Chamaecrista taxa. (A–O) and paradermic (P–U). Chamaecrista barnebyana (A–B, G, J, M, and P–Q), C. cristalinae (C–D, H, K, N and R–S) and C. neesiana var. laxiracemosa (E–F, I, L, O and T–U); A, C and E. General aspect; B, D and F. Aspect of the leaflet margin; G–I. Mesophyll, detail of the epidermis, palisade parenchyma, and spongy parenchyma; J–L. Vascular bundles; M–O. trichomes; M. Acicular trichomes; N–O. Multicellular, secretory, shortly stipitate trichomes, with a bulbous base; P–U. General aspect of the epidermis and stomata. ep = epidermis; fb = libriform fibers; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; ps = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem. Arrows indicate sclereids; the asterisk indicate stomata. Scale bars: A–F = 150 μm; G–J = 75 μm; K–L = 50 μm; M–O = 40 μm; P–U = 75 μm. Dashed areas in figures P and U indicate paracytic stomata, Q–T anisocytic stomata. Photomicrographs taken by Igor Soares dos Santos.
FIGURE 1 in Leaf anatomy and macro-morphological data support a new species of the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from Goiás, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Chamaecrista barnebyana sp. nov. A. Habit; B. Leaflet; C. Stipule; D. Bract; E. Bracteole; F. Flower bud; G. Flower in frontal view; H. Sepal; I. Petals; J. Reproductive structure; K. Stamen; L. Gynoecium; M. Fruit; N. Seed. Drawn by Raiana Cassiano from the holotype.
FIGURE 3 in Leaf anatomy and macro-morphological data support a new species of the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from Goiás, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Distribuition map of Chamaecrista barnebyana (), C. cristalinae () and C. neesiana var. laxiracemosa ().
FIGURE 5 in Leaf anatomy and macro-morphological data support a new species of the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from Goiás, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Comparative anatomy of the median portion of the rachis in Chamaecrista species. A, I and P. General aspect. Chamaecrista barnebyana (A–H), C. cristalinae (I–O) and C. neesiana var. laxiracemosa (P–V); B, F, J and Q. Vascular cylinder; T. Vascular bundle; C, G, K, M and R. Detail of the libriform pericyclic fibers, epidermis and cortical region; D and L. Stomata; H, N and U. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; E, O, S and V. Trichomes; E, O and S. Acicular trichomes; V. Multicellular, secretory, shortly stipitate trichome, with a bulbous base. ab = accessory vascular bundles; co = cortex; ep = epidermis; fb = libriform fibers; ph = phloem; sc = substomatic chamber; tr = trichome; vb = vascular bundles; vc = vascular cylinder; xy = xylem. Arrows indicate stomata. Scale bars: A, I and P = 150 μm; B, F, H, J, Q and U = 75 μm; C, G, K, M–N, R and T = 60 μm; D–E, L, O, S and V = 40 μm. Photomicrographs taken by Igor Soares dos Santos.
FIGURE 4 in Leaf anatomy and macro-morphological data support a new species of the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from Goiás, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Comparative anatomy of the median portion of the petiole in Chamaecrista taxa. A and H. General aspect. Chamaecrista barnebyana (A–G) and C. neesiana var. laxiracemosa (H–L); B and I. Vascular cylinder; C and J. Vascular bundles; D. Accessory vascular bundles; C–E and J–K. Detail of the libriform fibers; F and K. Detail of the epidermis and cortical region; G and L. Trichomes; G. Unicellular, acicular trichome; L. Multicellular, secretory, shortly stipitate trichome, with a bulbous base. ab = accessory vascular bundles; co = cortex; ep = epidermis; fb = libriform fibers; ph = phloem; vb = vascular bundles; vc = vascular cylinder; xy = xylem. Scale bars: A and H = 150 μm; B and I = 75 μm; C–D and J = 60 μm; E and K = 40 μm; G and L = 30 μm. Photomicrographs taken by Igor Soares dos Santos.
FIGURE 2. Chamaecrista barnebyana. A in Leaf anatomy and macro-morphological data support a new species of the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from Goiás, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Chamaecrista barnebyana. A. Habitat; B. Habit; C. Inflorescence; D. Flower in frontal view; E. Flower bud; F. Fruit. Photographs taken by M.J. Silva (A) and R.G. Matos (B–F).
Restored legume acts as a 'nurse' to facilitate plant compensatory growth and biomass production in mown grasslands
<p>Legume restoration was conducted in a temperate grassland in Hulunbuir, northeastern Inner Mongolia, China, by reseeding native legumes. This process was followed by annual mowing and phosphorus (P) application over a seven-year period (2014–2020). Throughout this period, we measured aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and the relative biomass of five functional plant groups each year. In 2020, we assessed six functional traits of 15 common plant species in both legume-restored and naturally-restored grasslands, respectively. Using these trait values and relative biomass data, we calculated community-weighted means and functional diversity indices for each plot.</p> <p> </p>
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