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995 results for “Life cycle”
Fig. 1 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)
Fig. 1. Consensus (99 threshold) neighbour-joining tree based on the concatenated ITS1 and ITS2 860- b.p. fragment, built with Tamura-Nei genetic distance method and 1000 bootstrap resamples; support values are printed at nodes. Repeat regions of the ITS1 were excluded from the alignment. Scale bar shows substitutions per site. The ingroup includes identified and putative life cycle stages of Neophasis oculata and N. anarrhichae, the numbers of isolates are as listed in Table 1. Brachycladium goliath serves as an outgroup.
Fig. 3 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)
Fig. 3. Neophasis oculata cercariae. (A) Infective cercaria, general structure and mucoid in the tegument (toluidine blue), differential interference contrast (DIC). (B) Ducts of the penetration glands in live cercaria. (C) Sagittal histological section of infective cercaria, Erlich's hematoxylin-eosin. (D–E) Mucoid in underdeveloped cercariae (toluidine blue, whole mount, DIC (D) and Azur II-eosin, histological section (E)). (F) SEM, ventral view. (G–I) CLSM, TRITC-phalloidin, acetylated α-tubulin and phospho Y antibody staining. (G) Infective cercaria, flame cells and nerves. (H–I) Underdeveloped cercariae, excretory ducts (H) and eyespots (I). Scale bars – 50 μm.Abbreviations: aс – anterior collecting duct; cd – caudal excretory duct; ev – excretory vesicle; fc – flame cells; ga – cerebral ganglion; mc – mucoid cytons; os – oral sucker; pс – posterior collecting duct; pe – pigmented eyespots; pg – penetration glands; pd – penetration gland ducts; ph – pharynx; t – tail; ue – unpigmented eyespot; vnc – ventral nerve chords; vs – ventral sucker. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Role of three bird species in the life cycle of two Sarcocystis spp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in the Czech Republic
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree for Sarcocystis halieti isolates from intermediate and definitive hosts (red asterisk) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences (HKY + I model). Sequences of the present study in blue. The tree was rooted on Sarcocystis arctica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Role of three bird species in the life cycle of two Sarcocystis spp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in the Czech Republic
Fig. 1. Sarcocystis halieti from Sturnus vulgaris. (a) Free thin-walled sarcocyst from skeletal muscle, wet mount. (b) Haematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections of breast muscle with sarcocyst. Scale bars = 25 μm.
Fig. 7 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 7. Coronal histological section of the anterior head region of a Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. infected fathead minnow. Approximately 8 myxospore-filled plasmodia are located between the two optic lobes in the anterior-dorsal region of the head cavity. Plasmodia demarcated from adjacent host tissue by a thin fibrocytic membrane that also encircles Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae. 100X magnification. Op = Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae, Olb: Optic lobe of the minnow brain, Ps: Plasmodia of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. Inset demonstrates distribution of numerous stained and unstained myxospores located within plasmodia.
Fig. 8 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 8. Size-frequency distributions of fathead minnows collected from two wetlands in southern Alberta. The left-hand triplet of graphs (A, B, C) indicates size distributions of the 2020 cohort of fathead minnows assessed in Sept. 2020, June 2021, and Sept. 2021 at McQuillan Reservoir. The right-hand triplet (D, E, F) indicates size distributions assessed at the same times for Coalhurst Stormwater Pond. Dark bars indicate minnows with M. rasmusseni n. sp. lesions.
Fig. 6 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 6. Coronal histological section through the dorsal head region along the frontal plane of a fathead minnow that contained multiple, various-sized plasmodia of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. 1.25X magnification. Rt - Retina of the eye, Ps - Plasmodia, Br - Brain, Ls - Lens of the eye, Ns - Nares, Of – Opercular flap.
Fig. 5 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree produced by Bayesian analysis of aligned partial 18S rDNA gene sequences of M. rasmusseni n. sp. and other Myxobolus spp. infecting cyprinid fishes in Canada, Europe, and Asia. The tree is rooted with Ceratonova shasta (AF001579.1). Nodes are denoted with bootstrap probabilities generated by Bayesian analyses. Species in taxa in groups I-III are highlighted in the pairwise percent identity matrix in Supplementary Table 1.
Fig. 4 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 4. Transmission electron micrographs of plasmodia that contain M. rasmusseni n. sp. myxospores. Sections are from lesioned tissue (see inset in A) located in the circumorbital cavity of a fathead minnow. A. Side-on view of a couplet of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. myxospores at 2500X magnification. Sp - Sporoplasm, Iv - Iodinophilous vacuole, Pc - Polar capsule, Pf - Polar filament; Black arrowheads indicate nuclei, orange arrowheads indicate sutural ridge along the midline of myxospore; blue arrowheads indicate posterior projections on the myxospore. B. Myxospores sectioned in various orientations with adjacent rodlet cells at 2000X magnification. Rc - Rodlet cell, Ms: myxospore.
Fig. 1 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 1. Disfiguring lesions on the heads of 1-yr old fathead minnows infected with Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. Minnows were live-trapped from University Pond, Lethbridge, Ab in summer, 2022, placed into a single aquarium in the laboratory, then photographed with a digital camera. A) Unilateral exopthalmia of the right eye. B) Bilateral exopthalmia with additional lesions on dorsal surface of circumorbital cavity and on surface of left nares. C) Asymmetric exopthalmia of the left dorsal circumorbital cavity; hemorrhage within left vitreous humour, D) Severe hemorrhage of the right eye. E) Pathology of the epidermis of the left posterior circumorbital cavity and surface of left operculum.
Fig. 3. A in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 3. A. Myxospores of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. prepared from a wet mount of a plasmodia-packed lesion located in the circumorbital cavity of an infected fathead minnow. A. Myxospores imaged with differential interference contrast microscope. Thin mucus coat envelopes posterior two thirds of myxospores. B. Composite line drawing of a Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. myxospore; PC – polar capsule; PF – polar filament; MC – mucus coat; SP – sporoplasm; IV – iodinophilous vacuole; N – nucleus.
Fig. 2 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 2. In situ image of a school of surfacing 1-yr old fathead minnows in University Pond, Lethbridge, Ab. Each minnow has bilateral or unilateral exopthalmia associated with infection of myxospore-containing plasmodia of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. Note additional large, whitish lesions located on the anterior epidermal surface of some minnows.
Data: Testing the mating system model of parasite complex life cycle evolution reveals demographically driven mixed mating
<p>Abstract: Many parasite species use multiple host species to complete development; however, empirical tests of models that seek to understand factors impacting evolutionary changes or maintenance of host number in parasite life cycles are scarce. Specifically, Brown et al.’s (2001) mating system model, which posits multi-host life cycles are an adaptation to prevent inbreeding in hermaphroditic parasites and thus, preclude inbreeding depression, remains untested. The model assumes loss of a host results in parasite inbreeding and predicts host loss can only evolve if there is no parasite inbreeding depression. <a name="_Hlk169780726"></a>We provide the first empirical tests of this model using a novel approach we developed for assessing inbreeding depression from field-collected, parasite samples. The method compares genetically-based, selfing-rate estimates to a demographic-based selfing rate, which was derived from the closed mating system experienced by endoparasites. Results from the hermaphroditic trematode <em>Alloglossidium renale</em>, which has a derived 2-host life cycle, supported both the assumption and prediction of the mating system model as this highly inbred species had no indication of inbreeding depression. Additionally, comparisons of genetic and demographic selfing rates revealed <a name="_Hlk169781073"></a>a mixed mating system that could be explained completely by the parasite’s demography, i.e., its infection intensities.</p>
A parametric life cycle framework to promote sustainable-by-design product development: Application to a hydrogen production technology
<p>The European Ecodesign Directive is an effective normative framework that has been extensively proven to support the energy transition of numerous European industrial sectors. From an analytical standpoint, it provides practitioners with the EcoReport tool, a simplified life cycle spreadsheet that is aimed at guiding the development of ecodesign measures of mandatory compliance in European countries. In this regard, several studies have highlighted the limitations of the EcoReport tool when addressing emerging technologies like those tied to the hydrogen sector. These works also propose to further integrate material criticality and social metrics in order to enlarge the scope of the European Directive and foster the shift from ecodesign to sustainable-by-design product development. In this situation, building upon the principles of the EcoReport tool and recognizing the outcomes of the aforementioned critical analyses, the conceptualization of a novel sustainable-by-design framework is presented and applied to a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) stack for hydrogen production. The operationalization of the framework is conducted, for the first time in the context of sustainable design, by combining the use of the <em>Brightway2</em> and <em>lca_algebraic</em> Python packages. Overall, the proposed approach succeeds in providing a complete sustainability perspective to the design of emerging technologies. Regarding the tangible lessons learned on the hydrogen-related case study, product concepts are proven to progressively improve the sustainability performance of the technology. It is noticeable that the enhancement of the economic competitivity is more limited than that achieved at the remaining sustainability indicators (i.e., environmental, social and material criticality metrics). In line with the outcomes of the life cycle contribution assessment, multi-criteria decision analysis ratings lead to concluding that a sustainable-by-design SOEC stack product concept should prioritize limiting its material intensity.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: First observations on the life cycle and mass eclosion events in a mantis fly (Family Mantispidae) in the subfamily Drepanicinae.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "First observations on the life cycle and mass eclosion events in a mantis fly (Family Mantispidae) in the subfamily Drepanicinae". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/07029e9e-48af-4335-a3cd-3130a372a562">https://bionomia.net/dataset/07029e9e-48af-4335-a3cd-3130a372a562</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/07029e9e-48af-4335-a3cd-3130a372a562">https://gbif.org/dataset/07029e9e-48af-4335-a3cd-3130a372a562</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Soyedina Alexandria And S. Calcarea (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), New Stonefly Species From The Eastern Nearctic Region And Notes On The Life Cycle Of S. Calcarea..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Soyedina Alexandria And S. Calcarea (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), New Stonefly Species From The Eastern Nearctic Region And Notes On The Life Cycle Of S. Calcarea.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d009621e-c55f-446b-a518-2cf32929b517">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d009621e-c55f-446b-a518-2cf32929b517</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d009621e-c55f-446b-a518-2cf32929b517">https://gbif.org/dataset/d009621e-c55f-446b-a518-2cf32929b517</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
IMPACT World+ / a globally regionalized method for life cycle impact assessment
<p><strong>IMPACT World+</strong> is a life cycle impact assessment method which characterizes thousands of substances spanning across various compartments and sub-compartments of the environment. It differentiates 19 impact categories at midpoint level and 34 impact categories at damage level. For more information on IW+, refer to our <a href="https://www.impactworldplus.org/">website</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-019-01583-0">scientific article</a>. For information on the updates of IMPACT World+, you can register to the <a href="http://eepurl.com/dEeeJL">newsletter</a> of CIRAIG.</p> <p>The v2.1 update is the biggest update of the IMPACT World+ method in many years as it introduces new impact categories and updates many models with the latest available research.</p> <p>IMPACT World+ comes in three interpretation levels: <em><strong>midpoint</strong></em>, <em><strong>expert</strong></em> and <em><strong>footprint</strong></em>. You can find explanations for these three interpretation levels <a href="https://www.impactworldplus.org/version-2-0-1/">here</a>.</p> <p>The <em><strong>expert</strong></em> and <em><strong>midpoint</strong></em> versions of IMPACT World+ also come with two different implementations regarding how to account for <strong>biogenic carbon</strong>. One with the traditional biogenic <em>carbon neutrality approach</em> (e.g., where biogenic carbon dioxide is set at 0 and biogenic methane is set at 27kgCO2eq for GWP100) and one including the uptake of biogenic carbon dioxide, where the release of biogenic carbon is therefore set at the same CFs as fossil carbon, but the uptake is with a negative sign, i.e., a <em>-1/+1 approach</em> for biogenic carbon (look for the files marked “(incl. CO2 uptake)”).</p> <p>While we provide the -<em>/+1 approach</em>, we must make it clear to the users that this approach is heavily dependent on the quality of the inventory you are using, and that there are still <strong>issues </strong>currently with the LCI databases (even in ecoinvent 3.10). Furthermore, if you are using this approach, you either <strong>MUST </strong>adopt a <em>cradle-to-grave </em>approach to both account for the uptake and release of biogenic carbon (otherwise you will only account for the uptake of the carbon and have skewed results) or if you adopt a <em>cradle-to-gate</em> approach because you need to provide results to someone downstream of your supply chain you <strong>MUST </strong>communicate with that downstream user to tell them that they should account for the release of biogenic carbon in a <em>-1/+1 approach</em> also, otherwise, you and your downstream user will <strong>double count the benefits</strong> of using biogenic products, which is incorrect. This is especially true is the case of food products where the carbon emissions post consumption are typically not included in the inventories, which could result in a substantial under estimation of the impacts of this product over its life cycle.</p> <h3>Description of the files</h3> <p>- The dev file is a file useful for developers and maintainers of databases/datasets who wish to link IW+ 2.1 to their databases/datasets. It regroups all existing characterization factors of the IW+ LCIA method in an Excel format, using the terminology of IW+.</p> <p>- The "ecoinvent" files are Excel files matching with "pure" ecoinvent and its flow name terminology (as in unaltered by various software) in an Excel table. This is useful if you are using ecoinvent outside of LCA software.</p> <p>- The exiobase file links IW+ to the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589597">Exiobase GMRIO database</a>. Once the file is read through pandas (pandas.read_excel()), the resulting matrix can directly be multiplied to the environmental extensions of exiobase (S, F or F_Y if using the pymrio package).</p> <p>- The openLCA file can be directly imported in the openLCA software as a JSON-LD file.</p> <p>- The SimaPro file can be directly imported in the SimaPro software as a CSV file.</p> <p>- The brightway2 files are ecoinvent-version dependent, so you need to select the correct file to work with the correct version of ecoinvent. Else, some of the ecoinvent flows which name did change in between versions of ecoinvent would not be characterized, leading to underestimated results. To import a file, you need to pass through brightway2 itself (it cannot be done through the activity-browser for now). The function to import a .bw2package file is bw2.BW2Package.import_file().</p> <p>- Finally, the source file regroups all the native information used by IW+ to derive the characterization factors. This file is primarily useful for the IW+ internal team. It is provided for transparency, as well as for curious users or users who wish to generate all these files themselves through the <a href="https://github.com/CIRAIG/IWP_Reborn">open-access code of IW+</a>.</p> <h3>New indicators</h3> <p>- <em>Plastic physical effect on biota</em></p> <p>This new indicator measures the effect of plastic resins emitted in the water environments (both freshwater and marine) on biota, in PDF.m2.yr. It also comes with a midpoint indicator in CTUe. This indicator is the result of the work of the <a href="https://marilca.org/characterization-factors/">MariLCA working group</a>.</p> <p>- <em>Fisheries impact</em></p> <p>This new indicator measures the impact on biodiversity of fisheries activities. It is only assessed at the ecosystem quality damage level (in PDF.m2.yr). This is based on the work of <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093870">Stanford-Clark et al.</a></p> <p>- <em>Marine ecotoxicity</em></p> <p>In the v2.1 we decided to finally integrate these two ecotoxicity indicators, at the damage level only. These are based on an old version of Usetox (v2.02). As the v3 of Usetox is on the verge of being released, all ecotoxicity and toxicity categories will be updated in the next version of IW+.</p> <p>- <em>Terrestrial ecotoxicity</em></p> <p>In the v2.1 we decided to finally integrate these two ecotoxicity indicators, at the damage level only. These are based on an old version of Usetox (v2.02). As the v3 of Usetox is on the verge of being released, all ecotoxicity and toxicity categories will be updated in the next version of IW+.</p> <p>- <em>Photochemical ozone formation</em></p> <p>For this impact category, IW+ adopts what the ReCiPe methodology recommends. In their <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1246-y">2016 update</a>, ReCiPe renamed the indicator "Photochemical oxidant formation" to "Photochemical ozone formation". In addition, they calculated the impact of this category on ecosystem quality. There are thus two corresponding impact categories at damage level: "Photochemical ozone formation, human health" and "Photochemical ozone formation, ecosystem quality"</p> <h3>Updated indicators</h3> <p>- <em>All climate change indicators</em></p> <p>IMPACT World+ v2.1 proposes the carbon neutrality approach (i.e., CO2-bio = 0) as well as the -1/+1 approach (CO2-bio uptake = -1 / CO2-bio release = +1). However, the latter is only available in the expert and midpoint versions. In the footprint version, the carbon neutrality assumption is still being used.</p> <p>Furthermore, we added CFs for temporary storage of biogenic carbon that can be used (e.g., Correction for delayed emissions, carbon dioxide, biogenic).</p> <p>- <em>Climate change, human health</em></p> <p>In the v2.0.1, we updated the GWP100 and GTP100 indicators following the recommendations of the AR6 from the IPCC2021. Now in the v2.1, we are also updating our damage indicators for climate change to follow the AR6 recommendations. Notably, the cumulative AGTP500 used in the derivation of these CFs was recalculated with updated equations (which we obtained thanks to Yue He and Thomas Gasser from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis - IIASA). In addition, the effect factors were also updated. Previously it was based on data from the World Health Organization from 2003, it is now based on the WHO 2014 report as well as the <a href="https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/329521472/PhD_Thesis_Lea_Rupcic.pdf">work of L</a><a href="https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/329521472/PhD_Thesis_Lea_Rupcic.pdf">. </a><a href="https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/329521472/PhD_Thesis_Lea_Rupcic.pdf">Rupcic</a>.</p> <p>- <em>Climate change, ecosystem quality</em></p> <p>Similarly to the human health indicator the cumulative AGTP500 were recalculated. However, the effect factor was not updated yet for this impact category.</p> <p>- <em>Particulate matter formation</em></p> <p>Those CFs were updated to the latest model from Fantke, et al. This is composed of a series of articles on updates to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02589">fate</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01800">effect</a> factors</p> <p>This model now provides regionalized characterization factors per town of more than 100,000 inhabitants. The CFs at the town-level are available in the source file, but in the dev file and in the different software versions, we only provide national/regional (e.g., RER) as well as global values, aggregated from the town-level factors.</p> <p>- <em>Water availability, human health</em></p> <p>Those CFs were updated to the latest model of L. Debarre (2024) [<em>publication in review, link will be added once published</em>]. This model includes a harmonization of methodology between the domestic and agriculture water use, updates the exposition factors using the latest Gross National Income data and updates the EF. Overall, the values of the characterization factors of this category have dramatically decreased, by a minimum of 65%.</p> <p>- <em>Water availability, terrestrial ecosystems</em></p> <p>While the original value of the characterization was not updated (e.g., 0.21 PDF.m2.yr in Netherlands), the regionalization was updated based on an estimation of depths of groundwater, based on <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc2755">Jasechko (2021)</a>.</p> <p>- <em>Water scarcity</em></p> <p>Those CFs were updated to the latest update of the AWARE model Seitfudem (2024) [<em>publication in review, link will be added once published</em>].</p> <p>- <em>Fossil and nuclear energy use</em></p> <p>The HHV values were updated to match the updated HHVs in ecoinvent.</p> <p>- <em>Ozone layer depletion</em></p> <p>Those CFs were adapted to match the latest data from the <a href="https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2023-02/Scientific-Assessment-of-Ozone-Depletion-2022.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (2022)</a>. In addition, the time horizon has now been extended to the infinite instead of limiting it to 500 years.</p> <h3>Methodology</h3> <p>For more detail on the methodology behind each impact category, refer to our <a href="https://github.com/CIRAIG/IWP_Reborn/tree/master/Methodology">Github</a>, in the future it will be available directly on our website.</p> <h3>Corrections</h3> <p>In this section we only provide information on the major corrections that were made. For a full report of all the changes please refer to out <a href="https://github.com/CIRAIG/IWP_Reborn/tree/master/Report_changes">Github</a>.</p> <p>- There are challenges associated with using IMPACT World+ files across databases or software for which they were not specifically designed. For instance, this is why we now provide files adapted to particular ecoinvent versions in brightway2. Similarly, both SimaPro and openLCA periodically update the names of their elementary flows. When an impact assessment method has previously been imported into one of these tools, an embedded procedure in their update processes is supposed to adjust the characterization factor names in line with the new flow names, ensuring compatibility with the updated list. However, we lack detailed knowledge of this procedure, meaning we cannot guarantee that the updated versions of IW+ in these tools would align with our specific modeling choices. Likewise, the IW+ versions we provide for a given release of SimaPro or openLCA might be incompatible with previous or subsequent versions due to discrepancies in flow names and characterization factors. Consequently, users of these software should verify which flows are characterized and make adjustments if necessary.</p> <p>- Harmonization of regionalized flows</p> <p>Regionalized impact model do not operate at the same geographical granularity. In the previous version, some flows were characterized in one impact category but not in the other. For instance, the flow "Water, lake, US-TRE" was characterized for the "water scarcity" indicator but not for "Water availability, human health". All regionalized flows are now characterized for all the impact categories they affect. This is also true for the newest regionalized impact category (Particulate matter formation) where SO<sub>2</sub> for example is regionalized at a much more granular level than in the freshwater acidification impact category.</p> <p>- Fossil and nuclear energy use</p> <p>For the SimaPro version of the v2.0.1, some flows that only exist in SimaPro were not characterized, such as "Oil, crude, 43.4 MJ per kg". Now they are properly characterized using the energy content value specified in the name. Results obtained with SimaPro will thus differ from results obtained with brightway2 and openLCA, since the latter do not use such flows and only use flow such as "Oil, crude".</p> <p>- Thermally polluted water</p> <p>In the v2.0.1, the flows "Water, turbine use, unspecified natural origin" were not linked to the correct proxy, which meant they did not impact the Thermally polluted water category, which underestimated the impact of this category.</p> <p>- The problem of "Nitrogen"</p> <p>"Nitrogen" can mean two different things. It can literally mean the "N" element, but it can also mean the "N2" molecule. The issue is that it is not clear in the LCI databases, which meaning does "Nitrogen" have. Previously, our understanding was that "Nitrogen" meant "N" but since then, ecoinvent notably, added formulas to the elementary flows they provide and associated the formula "N2" to their "Nitrogen" flows, indicating that they understand it as "N2" and not "N". Furthermore, in SimaPro and openLCA, the associated CAS number is generally "7727-37-9" which again corresponds to "N2". Thus, we now consider that “Nitrogen” represents dinitrogen, and thus does not impact the "Marine eutrophication" impact category anymore. We also corrected a previous mistake: N<sub>2</sub>O is not characterized anymore for this impact category.</p>
Dataset of life cycle assessment (LCA) model for sugar beet pulp biorefinery
<p>This dataset contains information of the foreground and background systems used to model a sugar beet pulp biorefinery. More information can be found in the file.</p>
Figures 6–9. Nematodes penetrans, prepupal stage. 6 in Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part VII: Description of the larvae of Nematodes penetrans (LeConte, 1852) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Nematodini), with notes on its hypermetamorphic life cycle
Figures 6–9. Nematodes penetrans, prepupal stage. 6) Dorsal habitus. Scale line = 1.0 mm. 7) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 8) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 9) Abdominal segments VII–IX, ventral view. Scale line = 0.4 mm.
Figures 1–5 in Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part VII: Description of the larvae of Nematodes penetrans (LeConte, 1852) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Nematodini), with notes on its hypermetamorphic life cycle
Figures 1–5. Nematodes penetrans, triungulin and 5th instar. 1) Triungulin, dorsal view. 2) Dorsal habitus. Scale line = 1.0 mm. 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view. 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view. 5) Abdominal segments VII–IX, ventral view. Scale line = 0.4 mm.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.