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376 results for “McMurdo Dry Valleys”
Biomass, stoichiometry, and isotopic signatures of stream microbial mats, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2012-2013)
We conducted a field survey to quantify the biomass (chlorophyll-a and ash-free dry mass), nutrient ratios (molar C:N:P), and isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) of four microbial mat types (green, orange, black, and red) in the glacial meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. All samples were taken from late December to late January during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 austral summers, and included sites from Taylor, Miers, Garwood, and Wright valleys. Most collection sites were located at the lake outlet of streams, but for a subset (e.g. Delta, Von Guerard, Onyx, Miers, and Canada) more than one sample site is included per stream system.
Physical and chemical characteristics of stream-associated snow patches in Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2021-2022 austral summer
Snow patches within and adjacent to stream channels in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, Antarctica were sampled during the 2021-2022 austral summer as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program. This data package includes snow pit measurements (snow temperature, depth, density, and water equivalent) as well as chemical characteristics of snow samples that were analyzed for nutrient, cation, and anion concentrations.
Microplankton counts from discrete water column samples using flow imaging microscopy (FlowCam) from Lakes Fryxell and Hoare, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2007-2011)
This data package consists of microplankton counts from discrete water column samples collected at various depths in Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Samples were collected and preserved during the austral summer-autumn transition in 2007-2008 and in addition to routine McMurdo Dry Valley Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) core limnological sampling in November and December of 2008, 2010, and 2011. Data were imaged using flow cytometry (FlowCam VS-IV) and classified with statistical image-based software (Visual Spreadsheet, v4.17.14). These data include haptorian ciliates, filamentous cyanobacteria, and coccoidal algae particle counts per milliliter that were automatically classified from user-built libraries and statistical filters based on the morphological characterizations of the plankton.
Haptorian ciliate measurements from discrete water column samples using flow imaging microscopy (FlowCam) from Lakes Fryxell and Hoare, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2007-2020)
This data package consists of particle diameter and biovolume data for haptorian ciliates classified from discrete water column samples collected at various depths in Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Samples were collected and preserved between November 2007 and January 2020 in Lake Fryxell and between November 2007 and March 2008 in Lake Hoare. Samples were collected and analyzed as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) core limnological sampling. Data were imaged using flow cytometry (FlowCam VS-IV) and imaged particles were classified with statistical image-based software (Visual Spreadsheet, v4.17.14). Diameter and biovolume was generated for each particle using FlowCam’s area-based diameter (ABD) algorithm.
Daily summarized seasonal measurements of discharge, water temperature, and specific conductivity from Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at F11, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1996-2020, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This package contains daily summaries derived from 15-minute measurements of water quality and quantity parameters measured with automatic recording devices on streams in this region. Specifically, this metadata record describes the daily hydrological summaries for the McMurdo Dry Valley's Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at F11, located in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. Measurements commenced during the 1996-97 austral summer and are ongoing. This dataset extends through the first half of the 2019-20 field season.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Lake Joyce near shore water column pressure and temperature
This data set includes the deployment of an anchored pressure transducer and suspended thermistor string in Lake Joyce, Pearse Valley, as part of a NASA Astrobiology: Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology project. Instruments were deployed prior to summer melt in December 2014 near a melt water stream and retrieved in December 2015. Thermistors were positioned in the fresh water lens under the ice cover, within the water column, and on the lake bottom. This dataset is funded through the NASA grant NNX13AI60G, with USAP event G-063. This project is not funded through the MCM LTER program. MCM LTER hosts this synergistic project.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Lake Vanda thermocline temperature time series
This data set includes the deployment of anchored thermistors Lake Vanda, Wright Valley, as part of an Antarctica New Zealand project. Thermistors were positioned at the sediment-water interface and 10 cm above the lake bottom within the thermocline at 24 m depth. This dataset is funded through the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology grant # CO1X0306 and the NASA grant NNX13AI60G, with USAP event G-063. This project is not funded through the MCM LTER program. MCM LTER hosts this synergistic project.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Major Ion Concentrations for Glacier Ice, Snow, and Melt Water Samples 1993-1997
The chemistry of various glaciers (Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Suess, Taylor) in Taylor Valley was measured for the following analytes between 1993 and 1997: Alkalinity, Ca, Cl, F, K, Mg, Na, NO3, Si, and SO4.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Geochemistry data of cryoconite holes collected from Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes and Taylor glaciers in Nov 2001 and Jan 2002
Geochemistry data of cryoconite holes collected from Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes and Taylor glaciers in Nov 2001 and Jan 2002
McMurdo Dry Valleys Isotope Ratios of Ice and Snow in Taylor Valley
As a part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER program, isotope ratios have been determined from 295 ice/snow samples in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Hydrogen/deuterium isotope ratios are given for all samples, and for a subset, there are oxygen isotope ratios, and a deuterium-excess. Values are reported relative to VSMOW, +/- 1.0 per mil for hydrogen, and +/- 0.1 for oxygen.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Geochemistry of cryoconite holes collected from Canada Glacier in Jan 2001
The chemistry of cryoconite holes on Canada glacier was measured in January, 2001 at seven locations. Water analysis was conducted for pH, electrical conductivity and a nematodes census.
Geochemical flux on McMurdo Dry Valleys Commonwealth glacier
As part of a geochemical study of the Commonwealth Glacier in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, two 3-meter snow pits were dug in the accumulation zone and analyzed for major ions by ion chromatography. This dataset shows the mean annual atmospheric flux of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and calcium to the Commonwealth Glacier. Determination of the atmospheric flux of these ions to the glacier surface aids in assessing the chemical composition of precipitation to the McMurdo Dry Valleys and the role of glaciers in the geochemical cycles of the region.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Landscape Albedo in Taylor Valley, Antarctica from 2015 to 2019
This data package contains reflectance data and associated aerial images collected using a helicopter-suspended "albedo box," in which a shortwave radiometer and camera where mounted facing downward. The purpose of this study was to measure how surface reflectance varies within and across landscape types (glaciers, lakes, and soils) over the course of a single field season as well as across multiple field seasons. We made five flights in the 2015-2016 field season (20 November 2015, 7 December 2015, 24 December 2015, 5 January 2016, and 12 January 2016), five flights in the 2016-2017 field season (11 November 2016, 3 December 2016, 14 December 2016, 3 January 2017, 23 January 2017), four flights in the 2017-2018 field season (22 November 2017, 7 December 2017, 27 December 2017, 13 January 2018), and two flights in the 2018-2019 field season (23 November 2018, 9 January 2019). Flights originated from Lake Hoare field camp, flew down-valley over Canada Glacier, Lake Fryxell, and Commonwealth Glacier, then turned around and flew up-valley to Taylor Glacier Meteorological Station, after which they returned to Lake Hoare field camp. Flights took roughly one hour and were flown at approximately 25.72 m s-1 (50 knots) and 91.44 m (300 ft) above the ground surface. These data can be normalized to incoming solar radiation (measured in-situ at meteorological stations) to calculate landscape albedo. When collected several times throughout a season, these results can show how snow distribution and physical changes to glacier and lake ice impact the amount of incoming radiation that is absorbed, while also tracking the influence of deposited sediment on ice surfaces. Moreover, these data are important for quantifying the long-term changes in energy connectivity between the atmosphere and the landscape (i.e., addressing Hypothesis 1 of the MCM V funding cycle).
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Nutrient tracer injection experiments in supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier, Antarctica, January 2019
This dataset contains a series of grab samples collected from nutrient tracer injection experiments conducted in supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The purpose of these experiments was to measure potential nutrient uptake in supraglacial stream networks. We chose three reaches and co-injected nutrient tracer(s) and a conservative tracer (NaCl). Tracers were injected at the top of each reach, allowed to mix with the stream water, and move downstream. Grab samples in this dataset were collected at the base of the reach over the course of these tracer experiments, which ran from 14-19 January 2019.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Dissolved oxygen measurements in supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier, Antarctica, January 2019
We installed dissolved oxygen sensors in three locations on a supraglacial stream network on Canada Glacier in Taylor Valley, Antarctica in conjunction with a series of nutrient tracer injection experiments. This data collection was intended to provide context for respiration and primary productivity via dissolved oxygen dynamics during our nutrient tracer injections. Sensors were deployed a day before the start of the tracer series and collected on the last day of experiments. Over the course of their deployment, two of the three locations had issues with freezing around the sensor and produced large artifacts (swings) in the data.Â
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Nutrient addition incubation experiments using sediments from supraglacial streams in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, December 2017
We used sediment incubations to quantify and compare nutrient uptake rates from biota living in sediment across glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Hughes Glacier is located towards the polar plateau on the western edge of the valley and flows from the southern Kukri Hills north into the valley. Canada and Commonwealth glaciers flow south into the valley from the Asgard range. Commonwealth glacier is located closest to the ocean on the east end of the valley. Canada glacier is located mid-valley, between Hughes and Commonwealth glaciers. Sediment was brought to the lab and incubated with added nutrient solutions. Solutions were then analyzed to determine change in nutrient concentration.Â
Spatial coverage and inter-annual persistence of cryoconite holes on Canada and Commonwealth glaciers, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2015)
This data package includes measurements pertaining to the spatial distribution and multi-annual persistence of cryoconite holes on Canada and Commonwealth Glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica during two consecutive austral summers (2013-14 and 2014-15). Four circular sampling zones were established on each glacier and multiple measurements of the surface shape and absolute location of all cryoconite holes within the sampling zones were recorded. These measurements can be used to generate spatial maps and analyze the persistence of cryoconite holes from one summer to the next by tracking individual holes and identifying the number lost, gained, and persistent on a multiannual scale. The physical state of each cryoconite hole (liquid-filled, fully frozen, or drained/dry) was also recorded in order to assess the capacity for drained columns to re-initiate downward melting later in the austral summer or during the following year. The glacial surface coverage (GSC) of liquid-filled cryoconite holes can be used in order to assess the contribution of these columns to total glacial melt and drainage. A detailed description for how to use these data in subsequent analyses to spatially map and ‘track’ cryoconite holes over time is available in Water Resources Research: A.Q. Mass and D.M. McKnight (2021) The inter-annual persistence and contribution of cryoconite holes in Taylor Valley, Antarctica to the hydrologic cycle of the McMurdo Dry Valleys under a new climate regime.
Chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes, and Seuss Glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica from 2015 to 2019
This data package contains chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of five glaciers in Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, during the 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19 austral summers. Specifically, shallow ice cores were collected from the ablation zones of Hughes, Howard, Seuss, Commonwealth, and Canada Glaciers in order to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of ice chemistry and sediment concentration across Taylor Valley. Cores were collected in triplicate from each sampling location and measured 79 mm in diameter and up to 1 m in depth. Cores were sectioned in 5 cm (0-25 cm depth) and 25 cm increments (25 cm to the maximum depth of the core) prior to analyzing chemical and sediment characteristics.
Chemical characteristics of supraglacial stream water on Canada Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2015-2016 austral summer
This data package contains chemical characteristics of water samples collected along four supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier, located in Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Samples were collected during the 2015-16 and 2016-17 austral summers in order to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of glacial meltwater as it travels over and off Canada Glacier. Samples from the 2015-16 austral summer have been fully analyzed and those data are included here. Samples from the 2016-17 austral summer have been stored frozen since collection and have not been analyzed. This package may be amended in the future if analysis of the 2016-17 samples occurs.
Chemical characteristics of terminal waterfalls along the Canada and Suess Glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January of 2018 and 2019
This data package contains chemical and other relevant characteristics for several waterfalls situated along the terminus of two glaciers in Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, during the 2017-18 and 2018-19 austral summers. Specifically, water samples were collected from terminal waterfalls along Canada and Seuss Glaciers as part of a larger study characterizing the geochemical evolution of glacier ice to meltwater. Samples were collected from just above the base of each waterfall and processed using similar protocols developed and used by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program.
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