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626 results for “Methanation”
FIG. 4 in A new species of Hoploscaphites (Ammonoidea: Ancyloceratina) from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior
FIG. 4. Size-frequency histogram of Hoploscaphites gilberti, n. sp., Pierre Shale, Baculites scotti–Didymoceras nebrascense zones, based on the samples in tables 1 and 2.
FIG. 3. Scaphite terminology. A in A new species of Hoploscaphites (Ammonoidea: Ancyloceratina) from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior
FIG. 3. Scaphite terminology. A. Macroconch, right lateral view. The shell is oriented in the probable floating position when the body was withdrawn into the body chamber. The umbilical seam of the shaft in macroconchs is straight with a slight umbilical bulge. Abbreviations: HP = whorl height along the long axis; HS = whorl height at midshaft; HH = whorl height at the point of recurvature; LMAX = maximum length along the long axis; apt. <= apertural angle. B. Microconch, right lateral view. In Hoploscaphites gilberti, n. sp., the microconch is approximately 80% of the size of the macroconch or, inversely, the macroconch is approximately 125% the size of the microconch. The umbilical seam of the shaft in microconchs is curved and follows the curvature of the venter. Specimens are photographed from lateral, ventral, and apertural views, as shown. Asterisks indicate the up position in each view. C. Close-up of the umbilicus of the macroconch showing the umbilical diameter measured parallel to the long axis (UD). D. View of the venter of the body chamber at midshaft, with the adoral direction toward the top, showing the width of the venter (VS), as measured between the ventrolateral margins.
FIG. 1 in A new species of Hoploscaphites (Ammonoidea: Ancyloceratina) from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior
FIG. 1. Map of the middle Campanian Baculites scotti Zone showing the shoreline along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway (reproduced from Cobban et al., 1994). The numbered dots indicate USGS and AMNH localities cited in the text, as listed in the appendix.
FIG. 2 in A new species of Hoploscaphites (Ammonoidea: Ancyloceratina) from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior
FIG. 2. Tepee buttes in the Pierre Shale of Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota. A. Tepee butte along the Front Range of Colorado, as illustrated by Gilbert (1896: pl. 67). B. Overview of tepee buttes at AMNH loc. 3494,Weston County,Wyoming. Photo by S. Klofak. C. Close-up of tepee butte at AMNH loc. 3494,Weston County, Wyoming. Photo by M. Garb. D. Close-up of tepee butte at AMNH loc. 3344, Butte County, South Dakota, with three of the authors for scale. Photo by B. Brown. E. Tepee butte near AMNH loc. 3344, Butte County, South Dakota. The shale surrounding the limestone core of the tepee butte has weathered away, exposing the core. Photo by B. Brown. F. Macroconch of Hoploscaphites gilberti, n. sp., AMNH loc. 3494, Weston County, Wyoming. Photo by M. Garb.
Thermophilic methane oxidation is widespread in New Zealand geothermal fields
<p>This is processed data used for analysis in a manuscipt currently being prepared for publication.<br> Samples of soil or sediment were taken from geothermal fields in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand;<br> methane oxidation was quantified; DNA was extracted from each sample for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p> <p> </p>
Development of a global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M)
<p>Seasonal and interannual variations in global wetland area is a strong driver of fluctuations in global methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Current maps of global wetland extent vary with wetland definition, causing substantial disagreement and large uncertainty in estimates of wetland methane emissions. To reconcile these differences for large-scale wetland CH<sub>4</sub> modeling, we developed a global Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M) dataset at ~25 km resolution at equator (0.25 arc-degree) at monthly time-step for 2000-2018. WAD2M combines a time series of surface inundation based on active and passive microwave remote sensing at coarse resolution (~25 km) with six static datasets that discriminate inland waters, agriculture, shoreline, and non-inundated wetlands. We exclude all permanent water bodies (e.g. lakes, ponds, rivers, and reservoirs), coastal wetlands (e.g., mangroves and seagrasses), and rice paddies to only represent spatiotemporal patterns of inundated and non-inundated vegetated wetlands. Globally, WAD2M estimates the long-term maximum wetland area at 13.0 million km<sup>2</sup> (Mkm<sup>2</sup>), which can be separated into three categories: mean annual minimum of inundated and non-inundated wetlands at 3.5 Mkm<sup>2</sup>, seasonally inundated wetlands at 4.0 Mkm<sup>2</sup> (mean annual maximum minus mean annual minimum), and intermittently inundated wetlands at 5.5 Mkm<sup>2</sup> (long-term maximum minus mean annual maximum). WAD2M has good spatial agreements with independent wetland inventories for major wetland complexes, i.e., the Amazon Lowland Basin and West Siberian Lowlands, with high Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.54 and 0.70 respectively among multiple wetlands products. By evaluating the temporal variation of WAD2M against modeled prognostic inundation (i.e., TOPMODEL) and satellite observations of inundation and soil moisture, we show that it adequately represents interannual variation as well as the effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on global wetland extent. This wetland extent dataset will improve estimates of wetland CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes for global-scale land surface modeling. </p> <p> </p> <p>Update: Oct.08.2021</p> <p>Documentation for WAD2M Version 2.0 can be found at <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1adoAnuqu6uBWnTYKI8u_S4OAQSdgOtd6/view?usp=sharing">WAD2M_V2_update</a></p>
Meteorological responses of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of a subarctic landscape [Data set]
<p>The data set contains carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes of boreal subarctic landscape and its ecosystems and ecotones, and ancillary meteorological and environmental data, measured at Kaamanen, northern Finland (69°8’ N, 27°16’ E; 155 m a.s.l.), during June 2017 - June 2019. The studied ecosystems and ecotones include: upland pine forest, fen, treed pine bog, sparsely treed pine bog, lakes and string top fen plant community.</p> <p>C_fluxes1b_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.csv includes quality screened, u* filtered and gap-filled eddy covariance ecosystem flux data and modelled pine bog and string top time series utilising eddy covariance and manual flux chamber measurements.</p> <p>C_fluxes2_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.csv includes quality screened daily average lake fluxes from mineral and organic sediment lakes.</p> <p>environmental_data_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.xlsx includes ancillary meteorological and environmental data.</p>
Rates of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes, denitrification-derived N2O and N2 fluxes and nitrification-derived N2O fluxes from salt marsh soils in Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S. under ambient and elevated temperature and nutrient loading.
<p>Dataset used in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=oa_20231214&utm_content=10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0#citeas">Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates</a>.</p> <p>The dataset contains fluxes calculated from headspace gas samples taken over a 24 hour period from intact soil cores, as well as corresponding environmental data. Intact soil cores (0-15 cm depth, 2.5 cm diameter) were taken at five sampling locations along a 20 m transect using a soil auger or piston corer. Samples were collected along a transect in four marsh sites in Quebec, Canada (La Pocatière: 47°22'24.7"N 70°03'26.3"W) and Louisiana, U.S. (Barataria Basin: 29°33'47.3"N 90°04'22.8"W and 29°29'52.2"N 89°55'00.2"W) from two vegetation types (<em>Sporobolus alterniflorus</em> formerly known as <em>Spartina alterniflora </em>and<em> Sporobolus pumilus</em> formerly known as<em> Spartina patens</em>). In Quebec, the two vegetation zones were in the same marsh whereas in Louisiana two separate marshes, dominated by the relevant vegetation, were chosen. Soil samples were collected on the 20-21<sup>st</sup> July 2021 from Louisiana and the 9-10<sup>th</sup> August 2021 from Quebec. Environmental data was collected including <em>in-situ</em> soil temperature and salinity, and gravimetric soil moisture, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil soluble reactive phosphate, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil d<sup>13</sup>C and soil d<sup>15</sup>N determined from additional 0-15 cm core samples. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1).</p> <p>Stable <sup>15</sup>N tracers were added to the intact soil cores so that at each location, at each treatment level (ambient and elevated, described below), there was one core receiving no tracer for greenhouse gas fluxes, one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‑ </sup>for denitrification rates and one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> for nitrification rates. The cores were incubated at ambient temperature (16 ℃ and 28.1 ℃ for Quebec and Louisiana, respectively) and nutrient concentrations (3.2 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.0 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 2.9 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.5 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 0.5 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 7.3 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>and 5.7 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.8 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> mg g wet soil<sup>-1</sup> for Quebec <em>S. alterniflorus</em>, Quebec <em>S. pumilus</em>, Louisiana <em>S. alterniflorus</em> and Louisiana <em>S. pumilus</em>, respectively), and elevated temperature (ambient temperature +5 ℃) and nutrient concentration (double ambient concentration). Gas samples were collected from the headspace of 0-15 cm intact cores in a 20 cm high PVC pipe, capped at the top and bottom to create a 5 cm headspace. Gas samples were analysed for greenhouse gases (GHGs: N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>) and <sup>15</sup>N in denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub>O, denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub> and nitrification-derived N­<sub>2</sub>O.</p> <p>Soil temperature (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA) and porewater salinity (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or portable ATC refractometer) were measured in-situ or in the laboratory using the portable refactometer. Additional soil samples were used for multiple analyses; one subsample was extracted with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) for DOC and TDN analysis, one subsample was extracted with 2M KCl for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, one subsample was extracted with Olsen-P solution (0.5 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5), for soluble reactive phosphate analysis and one subsample was weighed and dried for soil moisture and then finely ground and analysed for total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N.</p> <p>N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a PAL3 autosampler (Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies Ltd, USA) fitted with a flame ionisation detector (FID) for CH<sub>4</sub> analysis and a micro electron capture detector (mECD) for N<sub>2</sub>O analysis. CO<sub>2</sub> was methanised to CH<sub>4</sub> before analysis on the FID. The instrument precision as the relative standard deviation was < 5 % for all of the gases, while the minimum detectable concentration difference (MDCD) was 9 ppb N<sub>2</sub>O, 72 ppb CH<sub>4 </sub>and 31 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>. Potential GHG fluxes were calculated from the linear portion or where the highest production was observed in the concentration-time series ( https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2436). If fluxes were below the MDCD they were set to zero see (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783). The <sup>15</sup>N content of the N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O was determined using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with a trace-gas pre-concentrator inlet with autosampler (isoFLOW GHG; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany), with a standard deviation of d<sup>15</sup>N < 0.05 %. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 MΩ, 7:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn + TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with 50 mg C l<sup>-1</sup> and 10 mg l<sup>-1</sup> standards resulting in accuracy and precision of 0.3 and ±0.3 mg C l<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.5 and ±0.3 mg N l<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) and ammonium were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298">https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298</a>) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of ±5 %. Extractable phosphate was analysed in soil extractant (Olsen-P solution 0.5M NaHCO­<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5, 10:1 of extractant to dry soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Jeannotte et al., 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0760-4) with a limit of detection of 1 mg P l<sup>-1</sup> and accuracy of ±6 %. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N analysis was performed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with an elemental analyser (EA) inlet (vario PYRO cube; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The precision was < 5 % for both C and N and the precision as a standard deviation was < 0.06 % for both d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.</p>
Supplementary data to: Internal anatomy of brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans
<p>001-Secretanella_sp_AAK_072019.zip - µCT scan data, 1.28 GB stack of DICOM images. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans of specimen ALMNH:Paleo:6522 were obtained at the Berkeley Preclinical Imaging Facility (UC Berkeley, California, USA) in July 2019 using a GE Healthcare eXplore Locus Micro CT Scanner. The specimen was scanned using a conebeam energy of 80 kV, a current of 450 µA, 2,000 ms exposure time, and no filter, resulting in a voxel resolution of 20.523 µm. Visualization and three-dimensional reconstruction of the resulting µCT data were performed using the open-source software 3D Slicer v.4.13.0 (Fedorov et al., 2012).</p> <p>Additional_images_gifs_3Dmodel.zip - archive containing 3 folders of additionnal images, video (gifs) and a 3D model (STL file) :</p> <p>- Addendum_Figure_3 : additional images / views to the figure 3 presented in the paper.</p> <p>- Gifs_3d_models : gifs and STL 3d model of the scanned specimen</p> <p>- Images_gifs_inc_gastric_musc : images, gifs and 3d model similar as in the other folders, but displaying potential gastric muscles</p>
Atmospheric methane since the LGM was driven by wetland sources
<p>Companion data set to Kleinen et al. (2023):<br> Thomas Kleinen, Sergey Gromov, Benedikt Steil, and Victor Brovkin<br> Atmospheric methane since the LGM was driven by wetland sources<br> Climate of the Past, 2023</p> <p>Model output from the MPIESM model, model experiments base and MWM.<br> See Kleinen et al. (2023) for details.</p> <p>Timeseries data plotted in all Figures:<br> Global mean temperature, total land carbon; CH4 concentrations and fluxes; NO and RC fluxes; atmospheric lifetimes.</p> <p>Time axis in netcdf files is negative years before present, i.e. year -20000 is 20000 years before present (present=1950 CE).<br> Time is represented as absolute time YYMMDD.f, with YY negative year BP, MM mmonth and DD day, f is fractional daytime.<br> </p>
The methane paradox in pre-alpine lakes
<p>Data collected in four Swiss pre-alpine lakes to study the methane production in oxic surface waters.</p>
Dataset for "Single-Step Selective Oxidation of Methane by Iron-Oxo Species in the Metal-Organic Framework MFU-4l"
<p>Dataset belonging to publication "Single-Step Selective Oxidation of Methane by Iron-Oxo Species in the Metal-Organic Framework MFU-4l"</p>
Computational Screening of Supported Metal Oxide Nanoclusters for Methane Activation: Insights into Homolytic versus Heterolytic C-H Bond Dissociation
<p>Optimized geometries (in XYZ format) of methane activation over supported [M<sub>1</sub>OM<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> complexes where M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>2</sub> = Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn. 'SM' in the file name stands for spin multiplicity. Calculations were performed using Gaussian 16 and M06-L functional. The def2-SVP basis set was used for C, O, H, whereas the def2-TZVP basis set was employed for all metal elements. </p>
Date set for the manuscript: The Role of Sediment Gas Storage in the Methane Dynamics of a Shallow Freshwater Reservoir
<p>The dataset supports the findings of the manuscript entitled: Linking Sediment Gas Storage to the Methane Dynamics in a Shallow Freshwater Reservoir. The manuscript presents results based on in-situ monitoring at the main pre-dam of the Wupper reservoir. The reservoir is located in Germany and the monitoring was conducted from March 2020 to November 2021. The main goal of the monitoring was to measure the spatial variability of methane fluxes and its dynamics in the reservoir. The methane budget of the reservoir was then analysed in combination with estimates of the amount of free gas stored in the sediment matrix, which were derived from acoustic observations. The findings are discussed in the manuscript.</p> <p>Therefore, the dataset provided as an xlsx file includes separate sheets for:</p> <ul> <li>Sediment measurements of potential methane production (PMP), loss on ignition (LOI), dissolved methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in porewater, carbon and nitrogen content.</li> <li>Gas content in the sediment estimated from maximum acoustic backscatter for 2020 and 2021 for the reservoir spatial grid.</li> <li>Monthly time-series of methane fluxes (oxidation, diffusion, ebullition, and potential flux at the sediment water interface - PSWI) for each monitoring location and for the reservoir (average of all monitoring locations) with the inclusion of degassing at the dam overflow and advective methane transport (Net-export) by inflow and outflow.</li> <li>Time series of daily mean values of ebullition and environmental parameters monitored in the reservoir.</li> </ul> <p>Explanations and units are provided in column labels. NaN refers to missing data.</p> <p>In this version (Version 2), the calculation of the PSWI has been corrected. It is now calculated as the vertically integrated potential methane production over the top 30 cm layer of the sediment.</p>
Data used in the PhD dissertation entitled "Hidden beneath the surface: Microbial methane cycling in Dutch urban canals"
<p>Data used for the figures presented in the PhD dissertation of KAJ Pelsma, entitled "Hidden beneath the surface: Microbial methane cycling in Dutch urban canals". The chapters to which each file corresponds is indicated in each file name.</p>
Methane Vertical Diffusion
<p>Package of required material for simulating vertical methane evolution using GEM-Mars outputs and a 1D vertical diffusion model (MARS_Diffusion.f).</p>
Anaerobic Methane Oxidation is Quantitatively Important in Deeper Peat Layers of Boreal Peatlands: Evidence from in situ Stable Isotopes Depth Profiles, Anaerobic Incubations, and Microbial Communities
<p>Dataset contains complete result of laboratory anaerobic incubations with peat samples from 3 West Siberian peatlands.</p> <p>Before the incubation, the peat samples were thoroughly mixed to ensure homogeneity. Aliquots (140 ± 1 g) were mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:2 by weight, and then placed into sterile 500 ml glass bottles, flushed with pure argon (99.9999%, Voessen, Russia) for 5 min to remove any oxygen and sealed with butyl rubber septa to maintain anaerobic conditions. The bottles were kept at +5°C for 1 day to allow the equilibration between the peat and the headspace. Then bottles were again thoroughly flushed with argon for 5 min, sealed, and an additional 5 ml of argon was added to prevent air diffusion into the bottle headspace. The incubation was performed in two different ways: i) unamended control, and ii) amended with 10 ml of CH<sub>3</sub>F to inhibit acetotrophic methanogenesis. Peat samples from the depths of 15-20 and 40-50 cm were incubated at 15° and 10°C, respectively, for a period of 60 days, whereas deeper peat samples were incubated at 5°С, representing the temperature of the deeper peat layers of Mukhrino bog during the snow-free period for 150 days. Gas (1 mL for Н<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, 1 mL for stable isotope compositions) and liquid (1 mL for organic acids) samples were taken for analysis every two weeks after manually shaking the bottles for approximately 5 s to equilibrate the gaseous and aqueous phases. At the end of the incubation, methane headspace concentrations ranged from 1 to 3 % for deeper samples. The incubations with and without CH<sub>3</sub>F addition were carried out in three replicates for samples from Mukhrino bog and in two replicates for Chistoe and Lempino bogs. Net methane and CO<sub>2</sub> production were calculated from the gas concentrations, the volume of the gas space, and the water volume using the ideal gas law. Gas solubility was calculated using Henry’s law. The reported net methane and CO<sub>2</sub> production are the averages of 2-3 replicates.</p> <p>See further details in a paper with the same title and the first author.</p>
Environmental Performance Assessment of a Novel Process Concept for Propanol Production from Widely Available and Wasted Methane Sources
<p>Dataset for associated publication.</p>
Middle East oil and gas methane emissions signature captured at a remote site using light hydrocarbon tracers
<p>Datasets of measured species mixing ratios during the Cape Greco winter campaign in 2021-2022 associated publication of the same name: "Middle East oil and gas methane emissions signature captured at a remote site using light hydrocarbon tracers". While CO2 values are given in ppm, other compounds units are ppb.</p>
Unveiling the impact of soil methane sink on atmospheric methane concentrations in 2020
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