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709 results for “Non-native”
The effects of land-use history and the contemporary landscape on non-native plant invasion at local and regional scales in the French Broad Watersheds, 2007
Determining what factors explain the distribution of non-native invasive plants that can spread in forest-dominated landscapes could advance understanding of the invasion process and identify forest areas most susceptible to invasion. The researchers conducted roadside surveys to determine the presence and abundance of 15 non-native plant species known to invade forests in western North Carolina, USA. Prior to sampling, the researchers identified 15 non-native invasive plant species that were of concern in the study region. Generalized linear models were used to examine how contemporary and historic land use, landscape context, and topography influenced presence and abundance of the species at local and regional scales.
Figure 7 in Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key
Figure 7. Protula balboensis. (A) Complete body, lateral view; (B) Branchial crown; (C) Tube with a worm inside. Scale bars: A and C: 2 mm; B: 500 µm.
Figure 4 in Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key
Figure 4. Spirobranchus tetraceros, types of chaetae. (A) Collar chaetae; bayonet chaetae, with tip processes; (B) Thoracic chaetae; limbate; (C) Abdominal chaetae; chaetae trumpet-shaped; (D) Uncini thoracic with 8 teeth; (E) Uncini abdominal with 11 teeth. Scale bars: A-E: 500 µm.
Characterizing the nectar microbiome of the non-native tropical milkweed, Asclepias curassavica, in an urban environment
<p>In increasingly urban landscapes, the loss of native pollen and nectar floral resources is impacting ecologically important pollinators. Increased urbanization has also brought about the rise of urban gardens which introduce new floral resources that may help replace those the pollinators have lost. Recently, studies have shown that the microbial communities of nectar may play an important role in plant-pollinator interactions, but these microbial communities and the floral visitors in urban environments are poorly studied. In this study we characterized the floral visitors and nectar microbial communities of <i>Ascelpias curassavica</i>, a non-native tropical milkweed commonly, in an urban environment. We found that the majority of the floral visitors to <i>A. curassavica</i> were honey bees followed closely by monarch butterflies. We also found that there were several unique visitors to each site, such as ants, wasps, solitary bees, several species of butterflies and moths, Anna's hummingbird, and the tarantula hawk wasp. Significant differences in the nectar bacterial alpha and beta diversity were found across the urban sites, although we found no significant differences among the fungal communities. We found that the differences in the bacterial communities were more likely due to the environment and floral visitors rather than physiological differences in the plants growing at the gardens. Greater understanding of the impact of urbanization on the nectar microbiome of urban floral resources and consequently their effect on plant-pollinator relationships will help to predict how these relationships will change with urbanization, and how negative impacts can be mitigated through better management of the floral composition in urban gardens.<br> </p>
Data from: Emerging risks of non-native species escapes from aquaculture: call for policy improvements in China and other developing countries
<p><span>1. Global aquaculture relies heavily on the farming of non-native aquatic species (hereafter, NAS). NAS escapes from aquaculture facilities can result in serious aquatic bio-invasions, which</span> has been <span>an important issue in the FAO <i>Blue Growth Initiative</i>. A r</span>egulatory quagmire regarding NAS farming and escapes, however, exists in most developing countries.</p> <p><span>2. We discuss aquaculture expansion and NAS escapes, illustrate emerging risks, and propose recommendations for improved aquaculture management</span> across developing countries and particularly for<span> China. </span></p> <p>3. <span>In </span>China<span>,</span> 68 NAS are known to have successfully established feral populations in natural habitats due to recurrent leakages or escapes; among the 68 NAS, 52<span> represent risks to native aquatic ecosystems. In addition to affecting a country's own biodiversity and ecosystem functions, NAS escapees can also threaten the </span>biosecurity<span> of shared waters in neighboring countries.</span></p> <p>4. <i>Policy implications</i>. <span>Non-native aquatic species (NAS) </span>escapes have already had adverse ecological effects in China and other developing countries. The importance of this problem, however, is not adequately recognized by current conservation policies in developing countries. To conserve biodiversity and to support the<span> goal of FAO's</span> sustainable aquaculture, developing countries <span>should now take responsible actions</span> to address NAS escapes <span>through policy and management improvements. Specifically, these</span> countries should pass comprehensive legislation, establish effective agencies and national standards and planning, and enhance integrated research and education to deal with risk assessment, prevention, monitoring, and control of <span>NAS</span> escapes. Given that China is the world's largest aquacultural producer, China can create a model for other developing countries that will increase the biosecurity and sustainability of global aquaculture.</p>
Data from: Sensitivity to AMF species is greater in late-successional than early-successional native or non-native grassland plants
Sensitivity of plant species to individual arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species is of primary importance to understanding the role of AM fungal diversity and composition in plant ecology. Currently, we do not have a predictive framework for understanding which plant species are sensitive to different AM fungal species. In two greenhouse studies, we tested for differences in plant sensitivity to different AM fungal species and mycorrhizal responsiveness across 17 grassland plant species of North America that varied in successional stage, native status, and plant family by growing plants with different AM fungal treatments including eight single AM fungal isolates, diverse mixtures of AM fungi, and non-inoculated controls. We found that late successional grassland plant species were highly responsive to AM fungi and exhibited stronger sensitivity in their response to individual AM fungal taxa compared to non-native or early successional native grassland plant species. We confirmed these results using a meta-analysis that included 13 experiments, 37 plant species, and 40 fungal isolates (from nine publications and two greenhouse experiments presented herein). Mycorrhizal responsiveness and sensitivity of response (i.e., variation in plant biomass response to different AM fungal taxa) did not differ by the source of fungal inocula (i.e., local or not local) or plant family. Sensitivity of plant response to AM fungal species was consistently correlated with the average mycorrhizal response of that plant species. This study identifies that AM fungal identity is more important to the growth of late successional plant species than early successional or non-native plant species, thereby predicting that AM fungal composition will be more important to plant community dynamics in late successional communities than in early successional or invaded plant communities.
Data from: Direct effects of a non-native invader erode native plant fitness in the forest understory
1. The direct role of non-native plant invaders in driving negative population- and community-level processes of native species has been recently questioned. Addressing this controversy requires determining quantitatively if invaders negatively affect native population fitness. Because the invasion of non-natives often coincides with other anthropogenic stressors, experiments that partition the putative impact of non-natives from other known stressors and assess their potential synergies are required. While many studies have examined the effects of non-natives on components of native plant performance, studies that decompose the net fitness effects of non-natives from other anthropogenic stressors on population growth rate are lacking. 2. We used six years of detailed demographic data to parameterize a size-dependent integral projection model to examine the individual and combined effects of an allelochemical-producing invader (Alliaria petiolata) and an overabundant ungulate herbivore (Odocoileus virginianus) on the population dynamics of an understory perennial (Trillium erectum). 3. We show that Alliaria consistently and negatively affects the population dynamics of Trillium. Specifically, this invader reduces native population growth rate and alters the size distribution of the population at equilibrium. Alliaria also works in concert with the known negative impacts of overabundant white-tailed deer, illustrating the additive effects of anthropogenic stressors on native plant dynamics. 4. Synthesis. Alliaria's effects on vital rates differed in magnitude and sign across the native's lifecycle, highlighting the importance of detailed demographic analyses. Globally, our study provides novel empirical support for the claim that non-native invasive species can significantly and directly reduce the fitness of native plants.
Abiotic and biotic contexts shape the effect of disturbance on non-native plant invasion
<p>Making predictions about when and where a given mechanism of invasion will be weak or strong is crucial for the effective management of non-native species. Despite the importance of disturbance on invasion, our understanding of how variation in abiotic and/or biotic conditions may modify the disturbance-invasion relationship is scarce. Here, we aimed to evaluate how abiotic (soil type) and biotic (tree and shrub cover) contexts affect the disturbance-invasion relationship in disturbed and nearby non-disturbed communities in the semi-arid open forest of central Argentina (ca. 36° S) using field sampling. We found that abiotic context modulated non-native species success in disturbed communities, whereas both abiotic and biotic context modulated success in nearby non-disturbed communities. These findings suggest that the plant invasion-disturbance relationship is context-dependent. Our results hint at the possibility that the significance of disturbance in predicting invasion might diminish as the importance of abiotic filters increases.</p>
Diversity, species coexistence, and functional composition patterns in subtropical Atlantic Forests invaded by non-native trees
<ol> <li>Biological invasions are a major environmental challenge today. Interactions between invasive and native species can significantly shape community structures, influencing co-existence, diversity, and functional composition of species. The subtropical Atlantic forest in southern Brazil, a recognized biodiversity hotspot, provides a unique setting to study these interactions, given its vulnerability to alien tree invasions. </li> <li>Our study sought to elucidate the impacts of such invasions on this fragile ecosystem by addressing key questions: 1) How are tree community diversity patterns affected by the abundance of invading alien tree species? 2) What are the patterns of coexistence between native and alien invasive trees? 3) Is the functional composition of the forests altered by the abundance of invasive trees?</li> <li>To address these questions, we compiled data on the abundance and functional traits of native and invasive trees. We determined the diversity patterns and functional composition of plots with different degrees of invasion. These data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Component Analysis, and a coexistence index.</li> <li>In plots with a higher abundance of invasive trees, there was a significant decrease in the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, we observed that invasive alien trees coexisted with native species, and as the abundance of invasive trees increased, the native community weighted mean (CWM) of the leaf area and specific leaf area decreased.</li> <li>In conclusion, within the subtropical Atlantic forest areas of southern Brazil, our findings highlight that the abundance of invasive trees adversely affects the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, while invasive alien trees were found to coexist with native species, increased invasive abundance corresponded to a reduction in the leaf area and the specific leaf area of the native community.</li> </ol>
Data from: Warming had contrasting effects on the importance of facilitative interactions with a cushion nurse species on native and non-native species in the high-Andes of central Chile
<p>Alpine habitats are regarded as particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. On one hand, global warming is supposed to contributes to alpine environments becoming less stressful. On the other hand, altered snowpack due to warmer temperatures can intensify the stress in these habitats. The presence of non-native plants on some of these habitats is due to the facilitative effects exerted by native nurse plants, becoming an additional threat. According to the stress gradient hypothesis the importance of facilitative interactions with nurse species is expected to diminish as environmental harshness decreases due to climate change, yet remains important if climate change heightens the stress in alpine habitats. However, the responses also depend on climate change's impact on the nurse species. We conducted an experimental warming experiment in the Andes of the central Chile to assess the effects of warmer temperatures on the growth, reproduction and photochemical efficiency of the cushion nurse plant Azorella madreporica. Further we performed a cushion removal experiment involving three native species (Gamocarpha ventosa, Nocaccea magellanica and Rytidosperma pictum) and two non-native species (Cerastium arvense and Taraxacum officinale) to assess whether facilitative interactions changed with warming. We expected that under warmer conditions facilitation continued be important for the native species but decreased for the non-natives as the latter are abundant at warmer low elevations. We found that warmer conditions increased the photochemical efficiency and growth of the nurse cushions. Removal of cushions resulted in high mortality rates for all species. However, under warmer conditions, native species exhibited lower survival rates, whereas non-natives showed no significant changes compared to control groups. In summary, warmer temperatures were beneficial for the nurses maintaining the importance of facilitative interactions for native species, but not for the non-natives.</p>
Identification of non-native populations and reconstruction of invasion routes in the Redbreast Sunfish Lepomis auritus
<p>Human-mediated introductions of non-native species are expected to increase globally and threaten native biodiversity. <em>Lepomis auritus</em> (Redbreast Sunfish), a carnivorous freshwater fish native to rivers in eastern North America, has been introduced far outside of its native range due to its popularity in recreational fisheries. However, poor documentation of introductions and lack of thorough ichthyofaunal surveys before the mid-20th century have complicated our understanding of the establishment and spread of non-native <em>L. auritus</em> over the past 90 years, precluding effective management. We conducted phylogenomic analyses using ddRAD data from 197 specimens of <em>L. auritus</em> collected throughout the known geographic range of the species to reconstruct the introduction history of the species. Our protocols allow for the reconstruction of complicated introduction routes and reveal that <em>L. auritus</em> in Texas is the result of a single-source introduction from the Suwannee River; the population in the upper Tennessee River has two sources of introduction from the Savannah River and the northeastern rivers that drain into the Atlantic Ocean; and the populations in the middle Tennessee River and the Mobile River Basin have sources from the upper Tennessee River system and the Apalachicola River Basin. Ecological and evolutionary investigations of the non-native populations of <em>L. auritus</em> will broaden the understanding of invasion dynamics in species of <em>Lepomis</em> and other non-native freshwater fishes in North America. Our study provides critical information for the conservation of native populations and invasive management of non-native populations of <em>L. auritus</em>.</p>
Data from: Large-scale bioacoustic monitoring to elucidate the distribution of a non-native katydid
<p>For animals that produce species-specific audible sounds, environmental recordings combined with automated acoustic monitoring software (passive acoustic monitoring, PAM) may be an effective monitoring tool because it allows audio data from many, widely distributed autonomous recording units (ARUs) to be processed in a relatively short period of time. Males of many insect species produce loud, species-specific mating songs, yet acoustic insects have received less attention from PAM relative to vertebrates.</p> <p>We evaluated the use of PAM to monitor, <em>Roeseliana roeselii</em> (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae), an acoustic insect that has expanded its range to Alberta, Canada far outside its naturalized North American range. We analyzed environmental recordings from ARUs: 1) at two control sites known to be occupied by <em>R. roeselii</em>, and 2) across Alberta established by the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) to search for new populations.</p> <p>PAM successfully detected <em>R. roeselii</em> at the two control sites, but not at any of the 74 ABMI sites that we analyzed. Despite the failure to detect new locations of <em>R. roeselii</em>, our analysis of ABMI environmental recordings detected several other species of acoustic insects, including <em>Orchelimum gladiator</em>, <em>Gryllus</em> sp. and <em>Allonemobius</em> spp.</p> <p>Our results add to the growing body of work showing the feasibility of using PAM for acoustic insects. We make suggestions for how to maximize the effectiveness of this monitoring tool for the conservation and management of singing insects in North America.</p>
Data from: Introgression of non-native mitochondrial haplotypes from farmed to wild Atlantic salmon
<p>Farmed salmon escape and interbreed with wild Atlantic salmon on a large scale. We studied introgression of mitochondrial haplotypes from farmed Atlantic salmon originating from the Eastern Atlantic phylogenetic group to wild salmon of the Barents-White Sea phylogenetic group. We find that farmed genetic introgression introduced novel, non-native haplotypes into the Barents-White Sea phylogenetic group. The mitochondrial genome has important functional effects and is inherited as a haploid from the mother. Hence, the observed introgression across natural genetic barriers is expected to cause long-lasting functional maladaptation of the hybrids in the maternal line. As the use of farmed Atlantic salmon from non-native phylogenetic groups is widespread in aquaculture, the impact on wild Atlantic salmon may be more severe than previously recognized. Our results highlight the ecological risks of releasing non-native wild and domesticated animals.</p>
Figure 10 in Non-native freshwater fish from drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figure 10. Number of records of allochthonous species Pachyurus bonariensis recorded over the years in the Laguna dos Patos (SLP) system according to scientific collections databases. No record of this species was found in the fish collections.
Figure 15 in Non-native freshwater fish from drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figure 15. Number of records per decade between 1960 and 2020 of the two exotic species with the highest number of records in scientific collections.
Figure 14 in Non-native freshwater fish from drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figure 14. Number of records of the ten exotic species found in Brazil by decades between 1960 and 2020 according to scientific collections databases.
Threatened endemic arthropods and vertebrates partition their diets with non-native ants in an isolated island ecosystem - binary diet dataset and stats code
<p>The dietary dataset associated to <strong>"Threatened endemic arthropods and vertebrates partition their diets with non-native ants in an isolated island ecosystem"</strong>. We also provide the novel code (in R) used for the statistical analyses.</p>
Non-native species drive biotic homogenization, but it depends on the realm, beta diversity facet and study design: A meta-analytic systematic review
<p>While reducing the species richness of invaded communities is a well-known consequence of biological invasions, non-native species can also reduce variability between communities over time (i.e., beta diversity) in a process known as biotic homogenization. Although biotic homogenization due to non-native species is a common topic of theoretical reviews, we believe no global meta-analysis on the effect of non-native species on beta diversity has been carried out yet. Here, we systematically show that non-native species drive biotic homogenization, but it depends on the realm, beta diversity facet and study design. Biotic homogenization was more intense in marine and freshwater ecosystems than in terrestrial ecosystems. We also found that non-native species reduced both taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity, but not the functional beta diversity. Finally, we observed more intense effects using "before vs. after invasion" followed by "uninvaded vs. invaded sites" while the effect size of studies using "communities associated with native vs. non-native species" did not differ from zero. Our findings highlight that non-native species contribute to biotic homogenization as a prevalent pattern in communities worldwide, and that biodiversity conservation strategies should go beyond investigating the reduction in the number of species by also taking into account beta diversity in its multiple facets.</p>
Freshwater floodplain habitats buffer native food webs from negative effects of non-native centrarchids and bullfrogs
<p>Species introductions are common in freshwater environments, with the potential to transform community and ecosystem structure. Predatory fishes and American bullfrogs (<em>Rana catesbeiana</em> = <em>Lithobates catesbeianus</em>) are both widespread aquatic invaders implicated in native amphibian declines. In lowland ecosystems, co-occurrence between native and non-native fishes and larval amphibians appears more common than in high-elevation ecosystems, though community interactions there are poorly studied. In this study, we used stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) to examine native fish and amphibian trophic structure in lowland, floodplain waterbodies with and without non-native centrarchid fishes and bullfrogs. In the presence of non-native taxa, three-spine stickleback (<em><span>Gasterosteus aculeatus</span></em>), two native salamander larvae, and one of two native frog species shifted their food resources and/or fed lower on the food web, with only one species exhibiting a decline in niche size. The observed trophic shifts reflect changes in habitat and/or food resources, which may reduce competition or predation, and promote co-occurrence. Collectively, our study suggests that the co-occurrence of native and non-native amphibians and fishes in lowland, floodplain habitats may be facilitated by broad food resource availability and complex habitat structure.</p>
New non-native pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) found in the United States as revealed in a multigene phylogeny
<p>Pseudocryptic species, those that are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic methods, are serious impediments for recognizing the introduction of non-native species. Rapid identification of species facilitates a rapid response to newly introduced species which can lessen their damaging effects. This situation is acute for known pest species such as xyleborine ambrosia beetles which are difficult to identify given minute morphological, often variable, diagnostic characters. These beetles have been introduced into non-native temperate regions and have caused economic and ecological havoc. In this study, we produced DNA-based phylogenies using four genes for individuals of <em>Cyclorhipidion bodoanum</em> (Reitter, 1913)<em>, C. distinguendum </em>(Eggers, 1930), and <em>C. pelliculosum </em>(Eichhoff, 1878) sampled from their introduced and native Asian ranges and as well as other <em>Cyclorhipidion </em>species. In addition, we review subtle morphological characters for diagnostic potential for these similar species. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis produced well-resolved and supported phylogeny that provided evidence for multiple introductions of <em>C. bodoanum and C. distinguendum</em> into the US and the occurrence of pseudocryptic species. The ambrosia beetles <em>Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum </em>(Schedl, 1953)<em> </em>and<em> C. nemesis </em>Smith & Cognato, sp. nov. are reported in North America for the first time. We find that the pattern of elytral interstrial setae is an unrealized source for the identification of <em>Cyclorhipidion</em> species. This study resulted in the recognition of six species adventive to the US with the revised status of <em>C. californicum</em> (Wood, 1975). All species known from North American are diagnosed, illustrated and a key is provided.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.