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323 results for “Paleontology”
Systematic paleontology of macroalgal fossils from the Tonian Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup
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Data from: Death is on our side: paleontological data drastically modify phylogenetic hypotheses
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Supplementary material for: Exploring the impact of unstable terminals on branch support values in paleontological data
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Data from: Applications of three-dimensional box modeling to paleontological functional analysis
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Phylogenetic signal and bias in paleontology
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FIGURE 12 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 12. Representative fossil vertebrates of the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Alamo Wash local fauna. Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin. New Mexico (from Lucas, 1989). A. Baenid turtle Neurankylus eximius, plastron (left) and carapace (right) (after Gaffney). B. Holotype left scapula of sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (after Gilmore). C, Skull of theropod dinosaur Albertosaurus (after Russell), which is represented by fragmentary specimens in the Alamo Wash local fauna. D, Small Pentaceratops-like ceratopsian represented by the holotype skull of Pentaceratops fenestratus and an indeterminate ceratopsian skeleton (after Wiman). E, Left M, of multituberculate mammal Essonodon browni, occlusal (left) and side (right) views (after Lehman). F, Hadrosaurian dinosaur Parasaurolophus represented by the holotype skeleton of P. cyrtocristatus (after Ostrom) from the Fruitland Formation. Parasaurolophus is represented in the Alamo Wash local fauna by the holotype skull of A tubicen. Scale bars are 10 cm for A-B, 0.5 m for C, 1 m for D and F and 2 mm for E.
FIGURE 10 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 10. Comparison of the left ilia of (A) Kritosaurus navajovius (reversed from Parks, 1920) and (B) Hadrosaurus foulki (from Lull and Wright, 1942), illustrating the distinctly different morphology of this element in the two genera,
FIGURE 8. Dinosaur bones from the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations. A in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 8. Dinosaur bones from the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations. A, Chevron of indeterminate hadrosaur (NMMNH P-1043) from the upper Fruitland Formation in posterior view. B-C, Ribs of indeterminate hadrosaur (NMMNH P-1043) from the upper Fruitland Formation in medial view with healed fractures D-E, Edmontosaurus saskatchewanenss, right humerus (NMMNH P-1041) from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation in posterior (D) and anterior (E) views F, Posterior left tibia and astragalus of indeterminate hadrosaur (NMMNH P-1043) from the upper Fruitland Formation in posterior view. G Left femur of indeterminate hadrosaur (NMMNH P-1043) from the upper Fruitland Formation in posterior view. H. Articulated left metatarsals 2 and 3 of an indeterminate hadrosaur (NMMNH P-1043) from the upper Fruitland Formation in anterior view. I-J, Indeterminate nodosaurid osteoscutes (NMMNH P-1078) from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation in dorsal view. K-L, Indeterminate nodosaurid osteoscutes (NMMNH P-20880) from the upper Fruitland Formation in dorsal view. M, Third phalanx of fourth digit of pes of a tyrannosaurid (NMMNH P-20879) from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation Scale bars are 10 cm except for G (50 cm) and I (1 cm).
FIGURE 7 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 7. Semiquantitative diagram showing distribution of fossil vertebrate localities in the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations of the Hunter Wash/De-nazin/Willow Wash drainage. Data from Kues et al. (1977), O'Sullivan et al. (1979), Scott et al. (1979). Brown (1982) and NMMNH locality files. Abbreviations are: KKB, Bisti Member of Kirtland Formation; KKD, De-na-zin Member of Kirtland Formation; KKF, Farmington Member of Kirtland Formation; KL. Lewis Shale; KPC, Pictured Cliffs Sandstone; TOA, Ojo Alamo Sandstone; TN, Nacimiento Formation.
FIGURE 9 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 9 Cranial elements of the hadrosaurid Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis (NMMNH P-1041) from the Naashoibito Member of the Kırtland Formation A-B, Left jugal in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. C-D, Right jugal in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. E-F Dentary tooth with terminal wear facet in occlusal (E) and mesial views. G-H, Dentary tooth and attached fragment of dentary in occlusal (G) and mesial (H) views. I- J Right jugal in posteromedial (I) and anterolateral (J) view. K-L, Left quadrate in posteromedial (K) and anterolateral (L) views. M. Left maxilla in medial view. N, Right maxilla in lateral view. Scale bars are 10 cm except E-H (1 cm).
FIGURE 5 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 5. Aerial view, looking approximately north, of outcrops of the Fruitland Formation (KF). The Bisti member of the Kirtland Formation (KKB), including its type section (KKB(T)) and a portion of the type section of the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation (KKH), along Hunter Wash. San Juan County, New Mexico. The upper left of the photograph is in sec. 29. T24N, R13W and the lower right is in sec. 3, T23N, R13W. Dip is to the northeast. Photograph is copyrighted by Paul L. Sealey and is used with permission.
FIGURE 6 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 6. Cross sections across the San Juan Basin from northwest to southeast showing how differing use of nomenclature of Fruitland and Kirtland Formations affects ideas of a pervasive unconformity at the base of the Ojo Alamo sandstone (adapted from Fassett and Hinds. 1971, plate 2). A, Nomenclature of Fassen and Hinds (1971) suggesting angular unconformity at the base of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone because of progressive southwestward truncation of the Farmington and Dena-zin Members of the Kirtland Formation and the Kirtland Formation undivided. B. Nomenclature of this report, indicating that there is no angular unconformity at the base of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone because the Kirtland Formation is continuous across the basin and most depositional thinning is caused by the pinching out of the Farmington Member (after Hunt, 1984, plate 1). Abbreviations are: H. Huerfanito Bentonite Bed; KF. Fruitland Formation; KKB, Bisti Member of Kirtland Formation; KKD, De-na-zin Member of Kirtland Formation; KKF. Farmington Member of Kirtland Formation; KKHW, Hunter Wash member of Kirtland Formation; KKU. Kirtland Formation undivided; KPC, Pictured Cliffs Sandstone.
FIGURE 13 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 13. Representative fossil vertebrates of early Paleocene Puerco fauna. Nacimiento Formation. San Juan Basin. Mew Mexico (fromi Lucas,1989). A, Plastron (left) and carapace (right) of baenid turtle Compsemys victa (after Gaffney). B. Skull of crocodilian Allognathosuchus meeki. dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views (after Enckson).C. Part of lower jaw of anguid lizard Odaxosaurus piger (after Estes). D, Skull of multituberculate mammal Taeniolabis taoensis (after Sloan). E. Skull of periptychine condylarth Ectoconus ditrigonus (after Matthew). F, Skull and lower jaws of arctocyomd and condylarth Loxolophus hyattianus (after Matthew). G. Upper (above) and lower (below) cheek teeth of anisonchine condylarth Hemithlaeus kowalevskianus (after Matthew). Scale bars are 5 cm for A-B, D-F and 5 mm for C and G.
FIGURE 4 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 4. Geophysical log of Standard Oil of Texas Navajo Tribal 9-1 (sec 9, R15W, T27N) showing prominence of Bisti Member of Kirtland Formation (indicated by B). Huerfanito Bentonite Bed is indicated by H.
FIGURE 3 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 3 Type section of the Bisti Member of the Kirtland Formation. Abbreviations KF, Fruitland Formation; KKB, Bisti Member of the Kirtland For mation.
FIGURE 11 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 11. Lithology, nomenclature, distribution of faunas and age of the uppermost Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary strata of the San Juan Basin. The magneto stratigraphic zonation scheme for the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations is obviously in error. Abbreviations: E. Epoch: lma, "land mammal age"; P, Period.
FIGURE 1 in Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations in northwestern New Mexico and location of some of the principal dinosaur collecting areas.
Bayesian tip-dated phylogenetics in paleontology: topological effects and stratigraphic fit
<p>The incorporation of stratigraphic data into phylogenetic analysis has a long history of debate, but is not currently standard practice for paleontologists. Bayesian tip-dated (or morphological clock) phylogenetic methods have returned these arguments to the spotlight, but how tip dating affects the recovery of evolutionary relationships has yet to be fully explored. Here I show, through analysis of several datasets with multiple phylogenetic methods, that topologies produced by tip dating are outliers when compared to topologies produced by parsimony and undated Bayesian methods, which retrieve broadly similar trees. Unsurprisingly, trees recovered by tip dating have better fit to stratigraphy than trees recovered by other methods under both the Gap Excess Ratio and The Stratigraphic Completeness Index. This is because trees with better stratigraphic fit are assigned a higher likelihood by the fossilized birth-death tree model. However, the degree to which the tree model favours tree topologies with high stratigraphic fit metrics is modulated by the diversification dynamics of the group under investigation. In particular, when net diversification rate is low, the tree model favours trees with a higher Gap Excess Ratio compared to when net diversification rate is high. Differences in stratigraphic fit and tree topology between tip dating and other methods are concentrated in parts of the tree with weaker character signal, as shown by successive deletion of the most incomplete taxa from two datasets. These results show that tip dating incorporates stratigraphic data in an intuitive way, with good stratigraphic fit an expectation that can be overturned by strong evidence from character data.</p>
Data from: The rise to dominance of lanternfishes (Teleostei, Myctophidae) in the oceanic ecosystems: a paleontological perspective
<p>Lanternfishes currently represent one of the dominant groups of mesopelagic fishes in terms of abundance, biomass and diversity. Their otolith record dominates pelagic sediments below 200 m in dredges, especially during the entire Neogene. Here we provide an analysis of their diversity and rise to dominance primarily based on their otolith record. The earliest unambiguous fossil myctophids are known based on otoliths from the late Paleocene and early Eocene. During their early evolutionary history myctophids were likely not adapted to a high oceanic lifestyle, but occurred over shelf and upper slope regions where they were locally abundant during the middle Eocene. A distinct up-scaling in otolith size is observed in the early Oligocozoicne, which also marks their earliest occurrence in bathyal sediments. We interpret this transition to be related to the change from a halothermal deep ocean circulation (HTC) to a thermohaline regime (THC), and the associated cooling of the deep ocean and rearrangement of nutrient and silica supply. The early Oligocene myctophid size acme shows a remarkable congruence with diatom abundance, the main food resource for the zooplankton and thus for myctophids and whales. The warmer late Oligocene to early middle Miocene period was characterized by an increase in disparity of myctophids but with a reduction in their otolith sizes. A second and persisting secular pulse in myctophid diversity (particularly within the genus <i>Diaphus</i>) and increase in size begins with the Biogenic Bloom in late Miocene, paralleled with diatom abundance and mysticete gigantism</p>
Data from: Testing the link between phenotypic evolution and speciation: an integrated paleontological and phylogenetic analysis
1. The punctuated equilibrium model predicts that phenotypic change is concentrated into pulses associated with speciation, with little change otherwise accruing in established lineages. Paleontological tests of this model have generally lacked an adequate phylogenetic and modeling framework, whereas tests relying on extant populations lack direct constraints on the evolutionary dynamics within lineages. 2. The present study extends a modeling approach developed in comparative studies and applies it to a clade with a rich fossil record, the deep-sea ostracode genus Poseidonamicus. Using a phylogenetic framework and an independent set of shape traits plus body size, a model was fit that allows estimation of anagenetic (within-lineage) evolution, cladogenetic (speciational) change, and geographic variation within species. 3. Maximum-likelihood parameter estimates suggested dominantly speciational change for only one or two shape traits, depending on model assumptions. For the remaining shape traits and body size, the contribution of anagenesis was always substantial. Confidence limits on these solutions were quite broad (though narrower when multiple traits were analyzed jointly), with most traits consistent with both strongly anagenetic and strongly cladogenetic change. 4. Whereas uncertainty about phylogenetic topology and species limits has little influence on the conclusions, assuming stasis instead of Brownian motion within lineages shifted support to solutions in which speciational change was more dominant, although several traits remained dominantly explained by anagenetic evolution. 5. These results suggest that for the traits and taxa examined, anagenesis contributes substantially to long-term divergence. The uncertainty in the results highlights the analytical difficulty of decomposing anagenetic and cladogenetic sources of phenotypic evolution, even with fossil constraints. When model uncertainty is taken into account, the task of doing so using observations from entirely extant populations is even more daunting.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.