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158 results for “Palmer Station”
Nitrate (15N) Uptake near Palmer Station, 2012-2013
Nitrate uptake by the bulk phytoplankton community was determined using tracer (<10%) additions of labeled 15-NO3. Samples were collected by Go-Flo from 5 depths 0, 5, 10, 20, 65 m and incubated for 24 h at light levels of 100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, and 0% surface irradiance, respectively.
Palmer Station VERTEX-style Sediment Trap measurements, 50 m depth, 2012-2013
Measurements were made using moored VERTEX-style particle interceptor tube (PIT) sediment traps deployed at a depth of 50-m at stations B and E near Palmer Station between Nov. 2012 and Apr. 2013. Sediment trap contents was measured to determine fluxes of POC, PN, and Th-234 on two size fractions (>200 and <200 micron). Note that these are operational size classes and may not directly coincide with the size of aggregates that may have been sinking in the water column. For more details, please see Stukel et al. (in review, Global Biogeochemical Cycles).
Watercolumn total Th-234, Palmer Station, 2012-2013
Total watercolumn Th-234 was determined at Stations E and B near Palmer Station from Nov 2012 - Mar 2013. Th-234 can be used as a tracer for particle cycling in the upper water column. To compute carbon export from this Th-234 data please see the C:Th-234 ratios that can be derived from contemporaneous sediment trap deployments. For more details, please see Stukel et al. (in review, Global Biogeochemical Cycles).
Bacterial abundance and produciton at the Palmer Station LTER sites B and E in May 2011 and 2012
The data described here were collected as part of a study of photoheterotrophic microbes in Antarctic waters (NSF OPP 0838830). This sampling was conducted in May outside of the LTER sampling season at Palmer Station. Samplng was conducted by pumping water from a depth of 1 m into carboys that were returned to the lab.
Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002 - 2019.
The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called "bacteria") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 65 m at Palmer Station which oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. At Palmer Station, bacterial production is low (< 10 mgC/m2/d) in the winter (polar night) when there is little if any photosynthesis. There is a climatological (2003-14 average) summer peak of 50-60 mgC/m2/d in January-February but with considerable seasonal and annual variability. The 2016/2017 season data contains bacteria abundances for preserved samples for comparison to abundances from live samples. See the documentation for this in the accompanying file, 2016_live_vs_preserved.pdf.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected between October and April at Palmer Station, 2002-2012.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.
Synoicum adareanum sampling underwater video March 2011 Palmer Station Antarctica
<p>These 21 video clips document the sampling events for the tunicate <em>Synoicum adareanum</em> in support of a microbiome and biosynthetic gene cluster study. The sampling strategy involved seven sites, including Janus Island, Boneparte Point, Norsel Point, Delaca Island, Laggard Island, Killer Whale Rocks and Litchfield Island, which are all in the Palmer Archipeligo near the US Antarctic base at Palmer Station. At each site, at least three lobes of <em>S. adareanum</em> were collected, resulting in a set of 63 samples for microbiome analysis. Metadata associated with each video clip includes site, date, time, depth and water temperature. An associated pdf file also contains the metadata along with the time the samples were frozen.</p>
Synoicum adareanum sampling underwater video March 2011 Palmer Station Antarctica
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Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 1991 - 1993.
Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements are used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Blue-green photosynthetron method described by Prezelin et al. (1994) were used to determine photosynthesis irradiance (P-I) relationships for collected samples. Non-linear cureve fits for the P-I data were calculated using the simplex method of Caceci & Cacheris (1984). Curve fitting provided estimates of Pmax (the light saturated rate of photosynthesis) and alpha (the affinity for photosynthesis at light-limited irradiances.
Isotopic signatures of foraging among adult Pygoscelis penguins nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009
We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (≤ ~500 μl for day five chicks, and ≤ ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks a
Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 5 day old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009
We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (≤ ~500 μl for day five chicks, and ≤ ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks a
Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 15 day old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009
We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (≤ ~500 μl for day five chicks, and ≤ ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks a
Watercolumn total Th-234 from samples collected aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2012-2014
Total watercolumn Th-234 was determined at stations in the Palmer Station Antarctica LTER sampling grid from Jan 2012 - Jan 2014 (see Stukel et al. 2015, GBC for methods details). Th-234 can be used as a tracer for particle cycling in the upper water column. To compute carbon export from this Th-234 data please see the C:Th-234 ratio discussion in the supplement to Ducklow et al., (in review, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A).
Sediment trap in nearshore waters collected during Palmer LTER station season at Palmer Station Antarctica, 1992 - 1995.
Particulate organic matter is exported from the upper ocean euphotic zone in the form of large sinking particles and as dissolved material. Particle fluxes to depth link the surface and mesopelagic realm and supply food to the benthos. Sedimentation flux is typically measured with sediment traps of various designs. Sedimentation at the PAL site of the West Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates extreme seasonality, with a well-defined pulse in the Austral summer following sea ice retreat.
Palmer Station Antarctica (PAL) Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER)
Measurements made under the Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER) Palmer Station Antarctica (PAL) program.
Station locations for the 20km x 10km Palmer Station Antarctica LTER sampling grid.
The Palmer LTER established from the program onset both a regional grid (900km x 200km West of the Antarctic peninsula) as well as a Palmer basin grid (within 2 mile limit of station) as organizing elements of the annual sampling strategy. Grid locations West of the Antarctic Peninsula may be calculated from latitude-longitude coordinates in order to establish a location within the LTER regional grid reference frame.
Station locations for the full Palmer Station Antarctica LTER sampling grid including the 20km x 10km grid, 5km x 5km grid, inshore stations, Palmer basin stations, high density grid, picket line 10km, picket line 3km and picket line multi.
The Palmer LTER established from the program onset both a regional grid (900km x 200km West of the Antarctic peninsula) as well as a Palmer basin grid (within 2 mile limit of station) as organizing elements of the annual sampling strategy. Grid locations West of the Antarctic Peninsula may be calculated from latitude-longitude coordinates in order to establish a location within the LTER regional grid reference frame.
Inherent optical properties measured at selected water-column depths, collected at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2008/2009 field season.
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