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307 results for “Peatland”
Anoxic Incubation and Priming Experiment in a Permafrost and Thermokarst Peatland in Lutose, Alberta, Canada
<p>The dataset presents anaerobic SOC mineralization results through incubations (CO2 and CH4 production rates) from a permafrost peat plateau and two adjacent thermokarst bogs which thawed ~30 (Young Thermokarst bog) and ~200 (Mature Thermokarst bog) years ago. Peat was incubated from 15 depths of ⁓6 m cores at 4 and 15°C for 714 days, followed by a priming experiment to assess the potential role of labile plant inputs on SOC mineralization.</p>
Rewetting prolongs root growing season in minerotrophic peatlands and mitigates negative drought effects
<p>Root phenology influences the timing of plant resource acquisition and carbon fluxes into the soil. This is particularly important in fen peatlands, in which peat is primarily formed by roots and rhizomes of vascular plants. However, most fens in Central Europe are drained for agriculture, leading to large carbon losses, and further threatened by increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Rewetting fens aims to restore the original carbon sink, but how root phenology is affected by drainage and rewetting is largely unknown.</p> <p>We monitored root phenology with minirhizotrons in drained and rewetted fens (alder forest, percolation fen and coastal fen) as well as its soil temperature and water table depth during the 2018 drought. For each fen type, we studied a drained site and a site that was rewetted ~25 years ago, while all the sites studied had been drained for almost a century.</p> <p><span>Overall, the growing season</span> <span>was longer with rewetting, allowing roots to grow over a longer period in the year and have a higher root production than under drainage. With increasing depth, the growing season shifted to later in time but remained a similar length, and </span><span>the relative importance of soil temperature for root length changes increased with soil depth. </span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> Rewetting extended the growing season of roots, highlighting the importance of phenology in explaining root productivity in peatlands. A longer growing season allows a longer period of carbon sequestration in form of root biomass and promotes the peatlands' carbon sink function, especially through longer growth in deep soil layers.</span> <span>Thus, management practices that focus on rewetting peatland ecosystems are necessary to maintain their function as carbon sinks, particularly under drought conditions, and are a top priority to reduce carbon emissions and address climate</span><span> change.</span></p>
Graminoids vary in functional traits, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a restored peatland: implications for modeling carbon storage
<p>1. One metric of peatland restoration success is the re-establishment of a carbon sink, yet considerable uncertainty remains around the timescale of carbon sink trajectories. Conditions post-restoration may promote the establishment of vascular plants such as graminoids, often at greater density than would be found in undisturbed peatlands, with consequences for carbon storage. Although graminoid species are often considered as a single plant functional type (PFT) in land-atmosphere models, our understanding of functional variation among graminoid species is limited, particularly in a restoration context.</p> <p>2. We used a traits-based approach to evaluate graminoid functional variation and to assess whether different graminoid species should be considered a single PFT or multiple types. We tested hypotheses that greenhouse gas fluxes (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>) would vary due to differences in plant traits among five graminoid species in a restored peatland in central Alberta, Canada. We further hypothesized that species would form two functionally distinct groupings based on taxonomy (grass, sedge).</p> <p>3. Differences in gas fluxes among species were primarily driven by variation in leaf physiology related to photosynthetic efficiency and resource-use, and secondarily by plant size. Multivariate analyses did not reveal distinct functional groupings based on taxonomy or environmental preferences. Rather, we identified functional groups defined by plant traits and carbon fluxes that are consistent with ecological strategies related to differences in growth rate, resource-acquisition, and leaf economics, representing plants with either a strategy to grow quickly and invest in resource capture or to prioritize structural investment and resource conservation. These functional groups displayed larger average carbon fluxes compared to graminoid PFTs currently used in modeling.</p> <p>4. Existing PFT designations in peatland models may be more appropriate for pristine or high-latitude systems than those under restoration. Although replacing PFTs with plant traits remains a challenge in peatlands, traits related to leaf physiology and growth rate strategies offer a promising avenue for future applications.</p>
Potential Methane Production and Oxidation Rates and Porewater Chemistry Across Peatland Hummocks and Lawns
<p>This dataset contains potential methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production and oxidation rates and porewater chemistry (dissolved oxygen, pH, redox potential, dissolved CH<sub>4</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> stable isotopes) measurements collected from hummocks and lawns in a poor fen in New Hampshire, USA. Potential CH<sub>4</sub> production and oxidation rates determined via incubations and dissolved oxygen measurements were collected in July 2018. Porewater CH<sub>4</sub> concentration, δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub> and δD-CH<sub>3</sub>D, and Eh/pH were collected in July/August 2020. The data file contains a "README" tab with a guide for variable units and descriptions. </p>
Dataset and code for "Modelling the potential for peat-block transplants to restore industrially contaminated Sphagnum peatlands"
<p>Code to run simulations and dataset from HYDRUS-1D simulations used in the revised manuscript titled "Modelling the potential for peat-block transplants to restore industrially contaminated Sphagnum peatlands" submitted to Ecological Engineering</p>
Molecular Level Estimation of the Composition and Fate of Dissolved Organic Matter in Fire-Impacted Temperate and Subtropical Peatlands
<p>Calculated values of optical (UV-visible and fluorescence) spectroscopy parameters and molecular formulas determined by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for dissolved organic matter (DOM) in porewaters from a temperate and sub-tropical peatland. These data were used to generate figures in a manuscript submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences.</p>
Data Repository for Peatland Organic Matter Quality Varies with Latitude as Confirmed from FTIR and Ramped Pyrolysis Oxidation
<p><strong>Data information:</strong></p> <p>This is the dataset for a study by Sparrow et al. comparing the organic matter quality of peat cores in four climates (tropical, subtropical, boreal, and polar) using multiple analytical approaches. Data for 16 samples (samples from 4 depths in each of the 4 cores) are presented in the study and all relevant and necessary data are published in this repository:</p> <ul> <li>14C content and d13C results for 1) bulk and 2) ramped pyrolysis oxidation splits and standard materials</li> <li>Elemental analysis results (%C, %N, C:N)</li> <li>FTIR spectra from 650-4000 cm-1</li> <li>Ramped pyrolysis oxidation run data (time, sample oven temperature, baseline-corrected CO2 concentration)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Sample information:</strong></p> <ul> <li>The Tropical peat samples were collected from a core obtained in November 2011, “MDM11-2A,” (4.3727°N, 114.3550°E) in the Ulu Mendaram Conservation Area in the Belait District of Brunei Darussalem, northwest Borneo.</li> <li>The Subtropical peat samples were collected from the “Lox3” core (26.597°N, 80.357°W) in October 2015 from the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida.</li> <li>The Boreal peat samples were collected from the “T3F” core (47.5063°N, 93.4527°W) from S1 Bog in July 2012 from the Marcell Experimental Forest, near Grand Rapids, Minnesota.</li> <li>The Polar peat samples were collected from the “CPP” core (68.3531°N, 19.0473°E) in June 2012 from Stordalen Mire, a peat plateau underlain by discontinuous permafrost near Abisko, Sweden.</li> </ul>
Data from: Will climate change cause the global peatland to expand or contract? Evidence from the habitat shift pattern of Sphagnum mosses
<p><span>Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. <em>Sphagnum</em></span><span> mosses (</span><span>peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ecosystems. As cold-adapted species, the dominance of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six <em>Sphagnum</em> species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses. As the climate warms,<em> Sphagnum</em> mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses increase extensively in the high-latitude boreal peatland (north of 50° N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high-latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses with the temperature rising, and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial-temporal pattern changes of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for <em>Sphagnum</em> bogs.</span></p>
Smoke responsiveness of peatland bryophyte spores
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Northern peatlands are globally important carbon stores, but with increasing fire frequency, the re-establishment of bryophytes (notably <em>Sphagnum</em>) becomes crucial for their carbon sequestration. Smoke-responsive germination is a common trait in seeds in fire-prone ecosystems but has not been demonstrated in bryophyte spores. To investigate the potential role of smoke in post-fire peatland recovery, we tested the germination of spores of fifteen bryophyte species after treatment with smoke-water. Comparison of smoke responsiveness between spores of different laboratory storage times and burial depths/age (3-200 yrs old) were subsequently tested. Smoke increased germination percentage for 10 of the 15 study species, and increased germination speed for four of these. Smoke responsiveness increased along the fire frequency gradient from open expanse to forest margin, consistent with the theory that this selects for the maintenance of fire-adapted traits. Smoke enhanced germinability of 1-yr but not 4-yr laboratory-stored spores. Smoke, however, considerably increased germinability of spores naturally buried in peat for decades and up to <em>c</em>. 200 yrs. The effect of fire may be overlooked in non-fire-prone ecosystems, e.g. those in which wetland bryophytes dominate. Hence, an expected increase in fire frequency may lead to shifts in species dominance, for which our study provides one mechanism, which may affect long-term carbon sequestration in peatlands.</span></p>
Supporting Information for 'in situ fire emission factors for Malaysian tropical peatlands with the first investigation of the influence of physicochemical controls on peat fire emission factor variability'
<p>Two files containing:</p> <p>1. Raw mole fraction retrievals from our OP-FTIR spectra (as described in the paper)</p> <p>2. Calculated emission ratios used for the calculation of emission factors (as published in the paper)</p>
Data from: Rate of permafrost thaw and associated plant community dynamics in peatlands of northwestern Canada
<p>This dataset was collected to document the changing plant community, and associated environmental factors, as warming climate conditions accelerate permafrost thaw in northern peatland environments. Due to the insulative properties of dry, surface peat layers, discontinuous permafrost is preferentially found in peatlands, termed peat plateaux, where the volumetric expansion of ice-rich permafrost has resulted in a raised, dry ground surface dominated by lichens and, often, stunted black spruce forests. As ground temperatures warm, and the ice-rich permafrost thaws, the ground surface sinks to, or below, the water table, and these peat plateau environments change dramatically from black spruce and lichen-dominated peat plateaux to treeless moss- and sedge-dominated collapse scar environments. Data are from a set of 17 sites distributed along a latitudinal gradient in the Mackenzie Valley of Northwestern Canada. At each site, a transect of five to nine contiguous 1x1m quadrats was sampled, spanning the transition from peat plateau to collapse scar environments and, thus, capturing the zone of active permafrost thaw within peat plateaux as they transition to collapse scars. Fourteen of these sites were sampled at two time periods: 2007 and 2008 (T1: time 1), and 2017 and 2018 (T2: time 2) enabling an assessment of 10-year changes (9 years for one site). This dataset includes quadrat-level measurements of plant community composition (percent cover by species), frost depth, water table depth, peat depth, soil moisture, and canopy cover. Site level measurements consist of maximum peat depth, along with pH and electrical conductivity of collapse scar water samples, as well as the annual rate of lateral permafrost thaw. We also include basic site location parameters, as well as several climatic parameters, interpolated for each site using BioSIM software.</p>
Diatom cell-size composition as a novel tool for quantitative estimates of water table in peatlands
<p>Diatom cell-size composition is an indicator of aquatic environmental changes, but has been rarely investigated, especially in semi-terrestrial peatlands. In this study, both taxonomic composition and cell-size composition of diatoms were analyzed in 41 samples from two montane peatlands, northeastern China. Redundancy analyses revealed that diatom taxonomic composition was significantly related to the depth to the water table (DWT) and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, while cell-size composition was significantly associated with DWT and Si. DWT was the most important factor and its sole effect explained 26.2% and 17.9% of the total variance in taxonomic composition and cell-size composition, respectively. Accordingly, diatom-based water-table transfer functions were developed based on taxonomic composition and cell-size composition, respectively. The maximum likelihood (ML) model based on diatom taxonomic composition had the best performance, with the correlation coefficient value (R2) of 0.78 and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 6.66 cm. The ML model based on cell-size composition had similar performance, with the R2 of 0.78 and the RMSEP of 6.87cm, suggesting that diatom cell-size composition can be a new quantitative means to track past water-table changes.</p>
Data: Water quality and the biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in drained boreal peatland under different forest harvesting intensities
<p><span>This repository consists of three files, which contain ground water and ditch water quality data in drained forested peatlands and dissolved organic carbon biodegradation to carbon dioxide. Experiments and results are presented in:</span></p> <p><span>Palviainen M., Peltomaa E., Laurén A., Kinnunen N., Ojala A., Berninger F., Zhu X., Pumpanen J. 2022. Water quality and the biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in drained boreal peatland under different forest harvesting intensities. Science of the Total Environment 806: 150919 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150919">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150919</a>.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p>
Water table dynamics and surface soil moisture from an experimental peatland restoration area (Forsinard, Scotland, UK), 2017-2022/2023
<p>This dataset is from an experiment aimed to understand the changes in water level and soil moisture dynamics after rewetting of formerly afforested blanket bog areas. Specifically, it was aiming to test whether the water table and soil moisture dynamics in these areas return to those of control areas that had never been drained or afforested. The data span the period of summer 2017- summer 2022/2023, with gaps in individual time series marked with -9999 entries.</p>
Seed dormancy types and germination response of 15 plant species in temperate montane peatlands
<p>Despite their crucial role in determining the fate of seeds, the type and breaking mode of seed dormancy in peatland plants in temperate Asia with a continental monsoon climate are rarely known. Fifteen common peatland plant species were used to test their seed germination response to various dormancy-breaking treatments, including dry storage (D), gibberellin acid soaking (GA), cold stratification (CS), warm followed cold stratification (WCS), GA soaking + cold stratification (GA+CS) and GA soaking + warm followed cold stratification (GA+WCS). Germination experiment, viability and imbibition test, and morphological observation of embryos were conducted. Of the 15 species, nine showed physiological dormancy (PD), with non-deep PD being the dominant type. Four species, <em>Angelica pubescens</em>, <em>Cicuta virosa</em>, <em>Iris laevigata </em>and<em> Iris setosa</em> exhibited morphological physiological dormancy. Two species, <em>Lycopus uniflorus</em> and<em> Spiraea salicifolia</em>, demonstrated non-dormancy of seeds. Overall, the effect hierarchy of dormancy-breaking is: CS > GA > WCS > GA+CS > D > GA+WCS. Principal component analysis demonstrated that seed traits, including embryo length: seed length ratio, seed size, and monocot/eudicot divergence, are more likely to influence seed dormancy than environmental factors. Our study suggests that nearly 90% of the tested peatland plant species in the Changbai Mountains demonstrated seed dormancy, and seed traits (e.g. embryo to seed ratio and seed size) and abiotic environmental factors (e.g. pH and temperature seasonality) are related to germination behavior, suggesting seed dormancy being a common adaptation strategy for the peatland plants in the temperate montane environment.</p>
Assessing the peatland hummock-hollow classification framework using high-resolution elevation models: Implications for appropriate complexity ecosystem modelling
<p>The hummock-hollow classification framework used to categorize peatland ecosystem microtopography is pervasive throughout peatland experimental designs and current peatland ecosystem modelling approaches. However, identifying what constitutes a representative hummock-hollow pair within a site and characterizing hummock-hollow variability within or between peatlands remains largely unassessed. Using structure-from-motion (SfM), high resolution digital elevation models (DEM) of hummock-hollow microtopography were used to: 1) examine how much area needs to be sampled to characterize site-level microtopographic variation; and 2) examine the potential role of microtopographic shape/structure on biogeochemical fluxes using data from 9 northern peatlands. This data set is comprised of plot DEMs, supporting data, and the script used to analyze data and produce figures presented in the manuscript submitted to Biogeosciences Discussion "ASSESSING THE PEATLAND HUMMOCK-HOLLOW CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK USING HIGH-RESOLUTION ELEVATION MODELS: IMPLICATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE COMPLEXITY ECOSYSTEM MODELLING".</p>
Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting
<p>This package contains the data used in the research article: "Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting" published in Biogeosciences journal.</p> <p>Changes in this version:</p> <p>Chamber_data.xlsx is now named Chamber_data_clearcut.xlsx. CO2 fluxes were also corrected.</p> <p>Added daily mean CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes measured at the control site.</p> <p> </p> <p>Chamber_data_clearcut.xlsx contains the daily mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O measured with soil chambers at the clearcut site.</p> <p>Chamber_data_control.xlsx contains the daily mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O measured with soil chambers at the control site.</p> <p>EC_CO2_fluxes.xlsx contains the gapfilled 30-min mean CO2 fluxes (NEE) and its components (GPP and respiration).</p> <p>Energy_fluxes.xlsx contains the gapfilled hourly mean energy fluxes.</p> <p>Meteo_data.xlsx contains the daily means of the meteorological variables used in the study.</p>
Fig. 4 in The Use of Testate Amoebae in Monitoring Peatland Restoration Management: Case Studies from North West England and Ireland
Fig. 4. Lead content (ppm) of the top metre of peat at Holcroft Moss.
Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peatland forests [dataset]
<p>This contains the forest floor soil respiration data and the water level data used in the model simulations in the paper titled "Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peatland forests " (Li et al, 2024; <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257</a>)</p>
Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires using a Network of Low-cost PM2.5 sensors and a regional air quality model - Model Simulation Data
<p>WRF-Chem simulated daily mean PM2.5 concentrations for:</p> <p>1) with fires </p> <p>2) without fires</p> <p>simulations. </p>
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OpenNeuro
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