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1,903 results for “Perceptions”
Figure 8: Language production through a sending universal-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action
<p>The dual to "language understanding" is language production or linguistic action (e.g., "speech acts"). The role of the specific het is played by some auditory output such as utterances (Humboldt’s "vocal stimulus"). But the corresponding internal specific hom is the speech act (i.e., internal speech with intentionality) that through the language faculty produces the same outputs but as intentional speech.</p>
Figure 1: Het d: X→ A-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action
<p>In the body of this paper, I will try to keep the mathematics at a minimal conceptual level– which the mathematical formulations restricted to the Appendix. Category theory lends itself to visualization in diagrams so that non-mathematical style of presentation is emphasized by an abundant use of diagrams. A category is intuitively a set of objects of the same type. Morphisms between objects should be thought of as a type of determining relation or cause-effect relation between the objects. When a morphism is between objects of the same category, it is called a homomorphism or hom, and when between objects of different categories it is a heteromorphism or het.4 One of the problems in the conventional treatment of category theory5 is that it tries to ignore heteromorphisms even though hets are a natural part of working mathematics. This leads to certain definitions being rather contrived (to avoid mentioning hets), the usual treatment of the universal mapping properties in adjunctions being the case in point. Adjunctions will be introduced informally and in the natural manner using hets. The general setting is how the objects in one category (e.g., the "environment" in a life sciences context), the "sending" category, will "affect" or "determine" objects in another category (e.g., "organisms"), the "receiving" category. We start with an object X in the sending category, an object A in the receiving category, and a specific het determination d : X → A from X to A.6</p>
Figure 4: The Adjunctive Square Diagram-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action
<p>Dually, we can define the above situation, given by the association of the sending universal G(A) with each object A in the receiving category along with the canonical isomorphism Het(X,A) ≅ Homsending(X,G(A)), as a right semiadjunction. Now we are prepared to define an adjunction essentially as:<br> adjunction = left semiadjunction + right semiadjunction Homreceiving(F(X),A) ≅ Het(X,A) ≅ Homsending(X,G(A)).</p>
Figure 7: -"Action" as determination through a sending universal-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action
<p>Dual to the generic model of "perception" is the generic model of "action"–which is the determinative scheme given by a right semiadjunction. In the model of perception, there is the uninterpreted message as just a sensory input (the external het), and then there is the second level where the factorization (the internal hom) through the receiving universal recognizes the interpretation, meaning, or intentionality of the message. In the dual model of "action," the external het specifies the external behavior (which could be even a reflex behavior) while internal hom factoring through a sending universal that supplies the "intentionality" of the "action" (where an "action" is a "behavior" plus the second level of "intentionality"). In each case, we end up with a certain behavior but determined by two different means.</p>
Figure 6: "Perception" as determination through a receiving universal-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action
<p>Before turning to right semiadjunctions, it might be useful to present a rather generic version of determination through a receiving universal as model of "recognition" or "perception" that captures many of the common features of the various examples. The determination through the receiving universal is the active internal process that supplies the "interpretation" or "intentionality" to the raw sense data. The red blotch is seen as a tomato; the sound "ya" is understood as indicating agreement, and so forth. In the passive/direct alternative, the raw sensory input supplies Lockean "perception" like writing on a blank slate or a stamp making an impression on wax.</p>
Figure 3: Scheme for determination by a sending universal G(A)-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action
<p>The universal mapping property is: for every het d : X→A, there is a unique hom g(d) : X⇒G(A) in the sending category such that: eAg(d) = X⇒G(A)→A = X→A = d i.e., such that the determination through the universal sending het eA : G(A)→A preceded by the hom g(d) : X⇒G(A) is the same as the original het d : X→A.</p>
Raw data: Supra-threshold perception and neural representation of tones presented in noise in conditions of masking release
<p>Raw data of three experiments:</p> <p>1) Exp1: Psychoacoustical masked thresholds of tone in noise masker (ASCII format)</p> <p>2) Exp2: 64ch EEG data (Biosemi data format .bdf)</p> <p>3) Exp3: Salience rating of a tone masked by various maskers and levels above masked threshold. (ASCII format)</p> <p>Preprint with details on experiments submitted to BioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/575720</p>
Survey data on the perceptions and impacts of gender inequality in the geosciences
<p>The data stem from an anonymous, online survey conducted from March 25 to April 11, 2018 using Google Surveys. The link to the survey was distributed by the authors via emails and social media (Twitter and Facebook). Among the 1415 participants, we analyzed the responses of those who identified as either female or male (leaving out seven non-binary respondents due to the small sample size), and currently work in academia (i.e., universities or research institutes, including emeritus and adjunct professors, research support staff, and research assistants). We thereby retained 1220 respondents with a gender distribution of 67.0% female to 33.0% male survey participants.</p> <p>Based on this survey, we published to following freely accessible article: Popp, A. L.; Lutz, S. R.; Khatami, S.; van Emmerik, T. H. M.; Knoben, W. J. M. (2019) A global survey on the perceptions and impacts of gender inequality in the earth and space sciences, <em>Earth and Space Science</em>, 6(8), 1460-1468, <a href="http://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000706">doi:10.1029/2019EA000706</a>.</p>
Qualitative Interview Data: Users and therapists perceptions of myoelectric multi-function upper limb prostheses with direct and pattern recognition control
<p>The data uploaded here were collected in 2016/2017 through semi-structured interviews with prosthesis users and hand therapists. Participants were mainly asked about satisfaction with their prosthetic device and about activities which they perform with the prosthesis. Interviews were conducted in Dutch and German language.</p> <p>All interview data are made publicly available, except for data of prosthesis users who were experienced with pattern recognition control (n=4). Due to the small number of these participants, their interview data is only available upon reasonable request to not compromise participant privacy. </p> <p> </p>
Visual Perception of Shape-Transforming Processes: 'Shape Scission'
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Schmidt, F., Phillips, F., & Fleming, R. W. (in press). Visual Perception of Shape-Transforming Processes: ‘Shape Scission’. <em>Cognition, 189</em>, 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.006</p> <p>Each experiment folder contains the data relative to one experiment and a text file with comments. The stimuli folder contains image files of the experimental stimuli.</p>
Underlying data of the project "A survey exploring biomedical editors' perceptions of editorial interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines"
<p><em><strong>Survey dataset.xlsx</strong></em> contains the anonymised responses to the survey.</p>
Memory influences haptic perception of softness
<p>The memory of an object’s property (e.g. its typical colour) can affect its visual perception. We investigated whether memoryof the softness of every-day objects influences their haptic perception. We produced bipartite silicone rubber stimuli: one half of the stimuli was covered with a layer of an object (sponge, wood, tennis ball, foam ball); the other half was uncovered silicone. Participants were not aware of the partition. They first used their bare finger to stroke laterally over the covering layer to recognize the well-known object and then indented the other half of the stimulus with a probe to compare its softness to that of an uncovered silicone stimulus. Across four experiments with different methods we showed that silicon stimuli covered with a layer of rather hard objects (tennis ball and wood) were perceived harder than the same silicon stimuli when being covered with a layer of rather soft objects (sponge and foam ball), indicating that haptic perception of softness is affected by memory.</p> <p> </p> <p>There are zip files for every experiment (1-4), which contain all data relative to the publication. Variables of all experiments are described in the file VARIABLE_CODES.txt.</p>
example stimuli of "Behavioral effects of rhythm, carrier frequency and temporal cueing on the perception of sound sequences"
<p>Exemplary subset of stimuli accompanying the manuscript "Behavioral effects of rhythm, carrier frequency and temporal cueing on the perception of sound sequences"</p>
Figure 3 in A behavioral analysis of achromatic cue perception by the ant Cataglyphis aenescens (Hymenoptera; Formicidae)
Figure 3. Angular distributions and tracks of foragers on the orientation platform during intensity threshold experiments with 370 nm (a, b) and 440 nm (c, d). Only the results of the control tests and the last critical tests with which the ants' homeward orientations were lost were given for each stimulus. a) 370 nm control test, I = 1.1 × 1011 photons, P <0.0005; b) last critical test, I = 0.44 × 1010 photons, P> 0.05, not significant (n.s.); c) 440 nm control test, I = 1.1 × 1011 photons, P <0.01; d) last critical test, I = 1.1 × 1010 photons, P> 0.05, n.s. The triangle above each circle indicates the home angle. The dots around the circumference show the actual distribution of angles of foragers. Sample size = 30; h.a. = home angle; a = mean vector angle; r = mean vector length; u = critical values of the V test; d = deviation values around the 95% confidence interval. The dashed lines denote the 95% confidence interval around each sample mean.
Fig. 2 in Daily activity of Dichotomius geminatus (Arrow, 1913) and Deltochilum verruciferum Felsche, 1911 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) facing carrion: from resource perception to feeding
Fig. 2. Numbers of individuals of Deltochilum verruciferum (a) and Dichotomius geminatus (b) that performed some behaviour during the observations. The active and inactive individuals are not necessarily the same during the periods of activity. * From 10:00 to 17:00 no activity was observed for both species.
Fig. 2 in Human perceptions toward herpetofauna in northwestern Bangladesh
Fig. 2. Perceptions toward herpetofauna (in percentage, with the "Yes" and "No" responses for each combination of Herpetofauna group and perception color summing to 100%).
EWAS associations between DNAm and general cognitive score, perceptive performance score, and verbal score
<p><strong><span>Evaluating the association between placenta DNA methylation and cognitive functions in the offspring </span></strong></p> <p><a name="_Hlk141095040"></a><span>Placenta plays a crucial role protecting the foetus from environmental harm and supports the development of its brain. In fact, compromised placental function could predispose an individual to neurodevelopmental disorders</span><span><span>. Placental epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, could be considered a proxy of placental function and thus plausible mediators of the association between intrauterine environmental exposures and genetics, and childhood and adult mental health. Although neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder have been investigated in relation to placenta DNA methylation, no studies have addressed the association between placenta DNA methylation and child’s cognitive functions. </span><span>Thus, our goal here was to investigate whether placental DNA methylation profile measured using the Illumina EPIC array is associated with three different cognitive domains (namely verbal score, perceptive performance score, and general cognitive score) assessed by the McCarthy Scales of Children’s functions in childhood at age 4. To this end, we conducted epigenome-wide association analyses including data from 255 mother-child pairs within the INMA project and performed a follow-up functional analysis to help the interpretation of the findings. After multiple-testing correction, we found that methylation at 4 CpGs (cg1548200, cg02986379, cg00866476 and cg14113931) was significantly associated with the general cognitive score, and 2 distinct differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (including 27 CpGs) were significantly associated with each cognitive dimension. <a name="_Hlk168395284"></a><a name="_Hlk168394861"></a><span>Interestingly, the genes annotated to these CpGs, <span>such as <em>DAB2, CEP76</em>, <em>PSMG2,</em> or <em>MECOM,</em> </span>are involved in placenta, foetal, and brain development</span><span>. </span>Moreover, functional enrichment analyses of suggestive CpGs (<em>p</em><1x10<sup>-4</sup>) revealed gene-sets involved in placenta development, foetus formation and brain growth. These findings suggest that placental DNAm could be a mechanism contributing to the alteration of important pathways in the placenta that have a consequence on the offspring’s brain development and cognitive function. </span></span></p>
Relax and repeat: The role of relaxation and practice on effects of mindfulness and mind wandering on time perception.
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Data sets - The attitude of computer science teachers to inclusive education, Motivation to teach, Perception of the possible impact of computer science on students with mental disabilities
<p>Data sets </p> <p>The attitude of computer science teachers to inclusive education, Motivation to teach, Perception of the possible impact of computer science on students with mental disabilities. <br>In the period from February to October 2024, a survey of 112 computer science teachers in Kazakhstan (Pavlodar region) was conducted to determine attitudes to inclusive education, motivation to teach, and perception of the possible impact of computer science on students with mental disabilities.</p> <p>Questionnaire <br>https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LzukKSqW_mHMZXbMtN0ecmmU4cKJiwgf0laTWBHQSng/edit?usp=sharing</p> <p><strong>This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP14872400).</strong></p>
Data and codes from: Oscillatory Codes for Memory and Perception in the Prefrontal Cortex
<p>These datasets and codes were used for analysis in a manuscript titled "Oscillatory Codes for Memory and Perception in the Prefrontal Cortex." For more details on the experimental and analysis methods, please refer to that manuscript. The raw data was obtained by recording signals from a 64-channel ECoG array implanted on the PFC of monkeys performing a behavioral task using custom software (NS computer service, Japan) running on LabVIEW Real-Time (National Instruments, TX, USA). The recorded raw data were converted into time-series data of power in six frequency bands using FieldTrip. The total file size of all the raw data is over 50GB, so it is not included here. It is available upon request.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.