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167 results for “Radiolarians”
FIG. 1 in Historical perspective: 140 years of Mesozoic radiolarian taxonomy
FIG. 1. — New species of Mesozoic radiolarians published between 1867 and 2008.
FIG. 9 in Historical perspective: 140 years of Mesozoic radiolarian taxonomy
FIG. 9. — Pie diagram showing the distribution of nomina dubia.
Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian) Archaeospicularia and Entactinaria (radiolarians) from the Table Cove Formation, Piccadilly Quarry, western Newfoundland, Canada
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>New, distinctive, well preserved and previously undescribed constituents of a Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian, Dw2) radiolarian assemblage from the Table Cove Formation in Newfoundland are described. Three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) facilitates detailed examination of key specimens revealing hitherto unknown details of the internal morphologies of key lower Paleozoic taxonomic groups amongst which a lack of knowledge has previously impeded resolution of higher taxonomic rankings. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Twenty-seven archaeospiculid and entactinarian taxa are described and illustrated including six new species: <i>Westernbrookia polygonata</i> n. sp., <i>Neopalaeospiculum</i> <i>piccadilliensis</i> n. sp.,<i> Ramuspiculum laxum </i>n. sp.<em> </em><i>Spongentactinia</i><i>nazarovi</i> n. sp., <i>Aspiculum</i> <i>irregulare </i>n. sp.,<i> Nyfrieslandia</i> <i>ramosissima</i> n. sp., </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The investigation extends the known ranges of the<em> species: </em><i>Pararcheoentactinia reedae</i> Won and Iams 2002, <i>Sphaeroentactinia robusta </i>Won, 2015, <i>Varispiculum ectospiculatum </i>Won 2015, and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><i>Svalbardospiculum<em> multifurcatum (</em></i><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Won, Iams and Reed) 2005, together with the genus <em>Echidnina</em><i> </i>to the mid-Darriwilian.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fig. 4 in Pliensbachian, Early Jurassic radiolarians from Mount Rettenstein in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Fig. 4. Stratigraphy and lithology of the Mount Rettenstein succession sensu stricto.
Fig. 5 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 5. Stratigraphic distribution of selected radiolarian species at Site 845.
Fig. 4 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 4. Stratigraphic distribution of selected radiolarian species at Site 1241.
FIG. 3 in Historical insights on nearly 130 years of research on Paleozoic radiolarians
FIG. 3. — Number of synonymised new Paleozoic genera introduced yearly.
FIG. 2 in Historical insights on nearly 130 years of research on Paleozoic radiolarians
FIG. 2. — Number of new Paleozoic genera introduced yearly since 1890.
FIG. 1 in Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Paleogene deposits of the Russian Platform (Voronesh Anticline)
FIG. 1. — Locality of studied territory (within the boundary of the ex-USSR).
FIG. 2 in Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Paleogene deposits of the Russian Platform (Voronesh Anticline)
FIG. 2. — Structural scheme of the Voronesh Anticline (after Semenov 1965).
Micro-CT analysis of Katian radiolarians from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, and implications for skeletogenesis
<p><span>A diverse and well-preserved radiolarian assemblage from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia contains 13 species representing ten genera and six families. One new genus: <em>Wiradjuri</em> n. gen. is introduced to accommodate pre-Devonian single-shelled entactiniid taxa and one new species: <em>Secuicollacta</em> <em>malongulliensis</em> n. sp. is recorded together with some previously described forms. The micro-structure of the 'rotasphaerid structure/primary unit' and the 'ectopic spicule' are investigated to validate their roles as fundamental units in the Secuicollactidae together with comprehensive documentation of the previously enigmatic <em>Pseudorotasphaera</em> internal skeleton.</span></p> <p><span>The results of this investigation suggest that, among all radiolarian genera that survived the </span>Late Ordovician Mass Extinction <span>event (LOME) and transitioned into the Silurian, <em>Secuicollacta</em>, <em>Haplotaeniatum</em>, and <em>Palaeoephippium</em> maintained stable body plans during the transition and were more successfully established. The selective advantages these lineages had during the LOME, were most likely spontaneous outcomes of the mode of structural development involving sequential skeletogenesis and a tendency to evolve towards simpler body plans. </span></p>
Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian) Archaeospicularia and Entactinaria (radiolarians) from the Table Cove Formation, Piccadilly Quarry, western Newfoundland, Canada
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Micro-CT analysis of Katian radiolarians from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, and implications for skeletogenesis
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Data from: On the accuracy of paleodiversity reconstructions: a case study in Antarctic Neogene radiolarians
The deep-sea Cenozoic planktonic microfossil record has the unique characteristics of continuously well-preserved populations of most species, with virtually unlimited sample size, and therefore constitutes, in principle, a major resource for macroevolutionary research. Antarctic Neogene radiolarians in particular, are diverse, abundant and consistently well-preserved and evolved rapidly. This fauna is, in theory, a near-perfect testing ground for paleodiversity reconstructions. In this study we determined the diversity history of these faunas from a new quantitative, taxonomically complete data set from Neogene and Quaternary sections at several Antarctic sites. The pattern retrieved by our whole-fauna data set shows a significant, largely extinctionless ecological change in faunal composition and decrease in the evenness of species' abundances during the late Miocene, followed 3 Myr later, at around 5 Ma, by a significant drop in diversity. We tentatively associate this ecological event with a synchronous, regional change in the composition of the primary producers, but as yet cannot identify any environmental changes associated with the later extinction. Further, our whole-fauna diversity history was compared to diversity computed from much less complete, biostratigraphically oriented studies of species' occurrences, compiled in the Neptune database and reconstructed by using subsampling methodologies. Comparison of our whole-fauna and subsampling-reconstructed diversity patterns shows that the first-order trends are the same in both, suggesting that, to some degree, such literature compilations can be used to explore diversity history of plankton. However, our results also highlight substantial errors and distortions in the reconstructed diversity which make it poorly suited to more-detailed studies (e.g., for comparison of diversity history with paleoenvironmental history). We conclude that detailed studies of plankton diversity, and particularly those attempting to understand the relation between diversity and paleoceanographic change, should be based on taxonomically comprehensive, quantitative data.
Supplemental data for: Late Sandbian (Sa2) radiolarians of the Pingliang Formation from the Guanzhuang section, Gansu Province, China
<p>A diverse, well-preserved radiolarian assemblage is reported from the Sandbian age <i>Climacograptus bicornis</i> Graptolite Biozone. This new assemblage recovered from the Pingliang Formation in the Guanzhuang section, China includes six new species along with 13 other previously described taxa. <i>Geminusphaera</i> new genus incorporates <i>G. grandis</i> n. sp and <i>G. kongtongensis</i> n. sp. and is proposed for inaniguttids constructed from two distinct porous spheres bearing seven or more primary spines. <i>Protopylentonema</i> new genus is introduced to incorporate pylomate entactinarians with five-rayed initial spicules. It includes <i>P. ordosensis</i> n. sp. as well as <i>P. aperta, P</i>. <i>rimata</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>insueta</i> that were formerly assigned to <i>Kalimnasphaera</i>. Micro-computed tomography investigation of skeletal microstructure supports establishment of the new genera together with other new spumellarian species: <i>Haplotaeniatum implexa</i> n. sp., <i>Inanigutta quadrispinosa</i> n. sp. and <i>Kalimnasphaera pingliangensis</i> n. sp.. It also indicates that family level reassignment of <i>Etymalbaillella</i> from the Proventocitidae to the Ceratoikiscidae is appropriate.</p> <p>Global distribution of late Ordovician radiolarian occurrences highlights a strong preference for areas with equatorial to tropical sea surface temperatures. This must have led to ecological stress amongst radiolarian communities in adapting to global cooling in the Hirnantian.</p>
Supplemental data for: Late Sandbian (Sa2) radiolarians of the Pingliang Formation from the Guanzhuang section, Gansu Province, China
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Data from: On the accuracy of paleodiversity reconstructions: a case study in Antarctic Neogene radiolarians
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Verifiability of genus-level classification under quantification and parsimony theories: a case study of follicucullid radiolarians
<p>The classical taxonomy of fossil invertebrates is based on subjective judgments of morphology, which can cause confusion since there are no codified standards for the classification of genera. Here, we explore the validity of the genus taxonomy of 75 species and morphospecies of the Follicucullidae, a Late Paleozoic family of radiolarians, using a new method, <a name="_Hlk41571699">Hayashi's quantification theory II</a> (HQT-II), a general multivariate statistical method for categorical datasets relevant to discriminant analysis. We identify a scheme of ten genera rather than the currently accepted three genera (<i>Follicucullus</i>, <i>Ishigaconus</i> and <i>Parafollicucullus</i>). As HQT-II cannot incorporate stratigraphic data, a phylogenetic tree of Follicucullidae was reconstructed for 38 species using maximum parsimony. Six lineages emerged, roughly in concordance with the results of HQT-II. Combined with parsimony ancestral state reconstruction, the ancestral group of this family is <i>Haplodiacanthus</i>. Five other groups were discriminated, the <i>Parafollicucullus</i>, <i>Curvalbaillella</i>, <i>Pseudoalbaillella</i>, <i>Longtanella</i>, and <i>Follicucullus</i>–<i>Cariver</i> lineages. The morphological evolution of these lineages comprises a minimum essential list of eight states of four traits. <a name="_Hlk41488876">HQT-II is a novel discriminant analytical multivariate method that may be of value in other taxonomic problems of paleobiology.</a></p>
Fig. 8 in Microzooplankton in a Warming Arctic: A Comparison of Tintinnids and Radiolarians from Summer 2011 and 2012 in the Chukchi Sea
Fig. 8. Sedimentation rates of tintinnid loricas and radiolarian skeletons at 500 m on the Voering Plateau in the Norwegian Sea based on data from Bathman et al. (1990). Note that the flux of tintinnids and radiolarians, presumably reflecting concentrations of living cells in the surface waters, appear distinct. The apparent distinct temporal trends of tintinnids and radiolarians in the Norwegian Sea contrasts with the Chukchi Sea data showing largely parallel trends in concentrations (Fig. 3).
Fig. 7 in Microzooplankton in a Warming Arctic: A Comparison of Tintinnids and Radiolarians from Summer 2011 and 2012 in the Chukchi Sea
Fig. 7. Relative abundances (portion of the overall population) of each tintinnid species found in August 2011 with extensive sea ice and August 2012 with no sea ice. The numbers in circles show the lorica oral diameter in µm of the species. Note that the 2011 assemblage was dominated by the large-mouthed Ptychocylis urnula (LOD = 75 µm) and 2012 assemblage was dominated by the smallmouthed Salpingella faurei (LOD = 11 µm).
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